愼懼堂 李侙의 國權回復을 위한 義兵活動

이향배(Lee HyangBae) 한국인물사연구소 2011 한국인물사연구 Vol.15 No.-

「Sin Gu Dang, Lee Sik」, was a high-spirited scholar and an activist in loyal troops for the national rights in the latter era of Choson Dynasty. He was born in Cheong Yang and started studying at home at the beginning. Then he began to act on 'Wee Jung Cheok Sa' in earnest after making a relationship with 「Myeon Am, Choi Ik Hyeon」. And Lee Sik developed his own point of view on studying based on the Neo-Confucianism by Joo Ja. At that time, there were many movements and protests to recover the national rights after 'Eul Sa Neuk Yak'. So, Lee Sik built '13 Yoo Yak So' around Cheong Yang and denounced Japan's brutality to foreign diplomatic offices systematically. Also, he sent letters to 37 villages in the province and announced the real state of the government to the people to rouse them to action. After that he was arrested for his plan but he kept his chin up in front of the Japanese investigator and never broke his spirit. Later, Lee Sik joined Hong Joo loyal troop as a staff again and was banished to Dae Ma Do after being arrested. when he finished his banishment, he came back home and did many things to recover the national rights constantly such as organizing volunteer troops and delivering Ko Jong's secret letter to Lim Byong Chan for establishing 'Dok Lib Eui Goon Boo'. These are all his strong will to put his theory into practice and to fulfill his social responsibility as a descendant of a patriotic family.

소설 되짚어 읽기의 묘미 - 존 스타인벡의 『에덴의 동쪽』과 영화

이향만(Hyang Mann Lee) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2006 영미연구 Vol.15 No.-

  The situation of family is an important theme in the American East of Eden, though it has been criticized as a weak novel on account of its diffuse structure, contains one of Steinbeck"s important themes concerning ethics and human nature. And its adapted movie of Elia Kazan, as a superb film of auteurism, offers the cinematic vision to contrast the different worlds from the novel to the movie, and to reevaluate the author"s main theme, especially concentrating on the omission and traces of an oriental philosopher Lee.<BR>  It is not overstating to say that the hero of the novel is Lee who integrates all the conflicted worlds of the characters in the novel. With the philosophical Chinese servant missing, the director Kazan risks omitting the discussion of timshel . Lee may be regarded as a secondary character as an onlooker, but he represents the voice of wisdom and reason at the crucial time of the events of the story, and often articulates some of the novel’s most important themes.<BR>  The oriental philosopher has disappeared physically in the process of transference from one medium to another, but the traces of his philosophical idea and attitude toward life can be found in the transformed characters. So it can be said that the concept of Lee"s timshel in the movie is revealed not through his direct speeches but in the transformed acts of characters, especially through the changed images of Abra and Kate.

峿堂 李象秀의 散文批評論 硏究

이향배(Hyang-Bae Lee) 어문연구학회 2008 어문연구 Vol.56 No.-

  This study examines the prose criticism by Sangsoo Lee. He was concerned about the deterioration of customs that respect scholars and letters caused by the unfair practice of the Goageo (State Examination). He criticized scholars who bribed sons of influential families to buy their governmental positions, and emphasized the attitude of scholars who depend on heaven"s will to enter into governmental positions after making themselves proficient.<BR>  Sangsoo Lee considered close and analytic reading important to write well. In those times, most scholars devoted themselves to studying poetry and prose to pass the Goageo so they memorized some phrases without closely reading the entire work. Thus, he presented a reading method to understand the deeper meaning of the passages because he thought it was an urgent goal to raise the level of reading. For good reading, readers must find the main purport first and then the conclusion. To find the conclusion is possible by analyses of arrangement, order, contextual connection, and organization into paragraphs. He believed that these analyses help readers to understand what meanings the authors wanted to deliver. He also thought that analytical reading was prerequisite to become a good writer.<BR>  Songsoo Lee was interested in the ancient texts as well. He classified the existing letters by "mun" and "pil" of Gogonggi, He considered Sigi of Samacheon and the ancient text of Hanyu as "pil". He argued that the scope of the ancient texts must be expanded to Byunryomun because "mun" means Daewomun. He thought he could acheive the truth through "mun." For bimun, he laid stress on "ganum" but he did not follow the old law unconditionally and pursued "bimun" that could fit to the time.<BR>  He found out the main purport, the conclusion, and descriptive techniques through the analytical examination of Hokrijon and Hoasikjon. He mostly analyzed the style and structure of the writing rather than its content to grasp what Samacheon"s intention was and what style he was using. This task needs critical perspectives towards writing and insights as a writer.

전통시대(傳統時代) 조석(潮汐)에 대한 변증 연구

이향배 ( Lee Hyang Bae ) 한국동양예술학회 2020 동양예술 Vol.49 No.-

본고는 전통시대에 제기된 조석에 대한 변증 자료를 정리한 다음 조석설에 대한 논리를 유형별로 나누어 분석하였다. 이를 통해 전통시대 자연현상에 대한 논의방식을 살펴보고 어떤 과정을 통해 과학적 사고가 형성되어 갔는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과 큰 범위에서 보면 전통시대 조석설은 대체적으로 세 가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 첫째는 땅호흡설을 중심으로 펼쳐진 우리나라 제가의 조석설을 검토하였다. 우리나라 조석에 대한 논의는 고려중기 이규보에서 시작되었다. 그는 《水經》, 盧肇의 <海潮賦>, 《佛經》등 이전의 설을 검토한 다음 노흡주의 ‘潮汐日月起因說’을 《주역》이나 渾天儀의 원리와 비교 검토하였다. 이와는 달리 김안로를 비롯하여 김득신, 한원진, 위백규 등 조선시대 지식인들은 조석이 땅의 호흡이라는 소옹의 설과 음양과 기의 작용이라는 정자의 논리, 해와는 무관하고 달과 관련지어 설명한 주자설에 기반하여 조석의 원리를 설명하였다. 둘째는 동해에 조석이 없다는 설에 대한 변증이다. 동해에 조석이 없다는 설에 대해 학자들은 그 이유를 설명하기 위해 많은 설을 제기하였다. 이항복은 물이 동쪽에 다하면 氣가 다한다고 설명하였고, 한백겸은 남북으로 통하는 氣가 좌우에 영향을 줄 수 없다는 설을 제시했다. 장유는 동해가 북해에 가깝기 때문이라는 北海說을 제시했으며, 조익은 바다에 內海와 外海가 있다는 설을 내세워 동해가 외해에 속하기 때문에 조석이 없다고 주장했다. 송규렴과 권헌은 地勢 때문이라고 해석했으며 송병선은 북해설에 동조하였다. 이처럼 동해에 조석이 없는 이유를 다양한 상상에 기반하여 논리적으로 추론하였다. 이러한 논의는 구한말까지 전통지식인들의 대부분은 과학적 지식체계가 전혀 없었음을 확인시켜준다. 셋째는 과학적 변증에 의한 설명이다. 이는 주로 星湖 李瀷과 惠岡 崔漢綺의 조석설에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 이들은 서구의 과학에 대한 해박한 지식을 갖추고 있었으며 지동설에 입각하여 지구와 달과 태양의 관계를 정확하게 이해하고 있었다. 이와 같이 서구의 과학적 지식체계로 조석에 대한 설명을 체계적이고 상세하게 기술하고 있다. 이는 바다에 일어나는 자연현상을 근대과학으로 해석하는 최초의 사례라고 볼 수 있다. 이처럼 조석설은 전통지식인들의 자연과학 지식체계와 바다에서 일어나는 자연 현상에 대해 이해 방식을 잘 보여주고 있다. In this paper, I analyzed the logic of the theory of tide by categories after compiling dialectical data which were raised in the traditional era. In this process, I looked into the discussion method of natural phenomenon in traditional times and into how scientific thoughts have been formed. This results in three categories of the traditional theory of tide in general. First, I reviewed the theory of tide by several virtuous scholars in our country focused on the theory of earth-breath. Discussion of the theory of tide was begun by Lee Gyu-bo in the middle period of Gyoryeo dynasty. He compared 'the theory in which tide is caused by the moon and the sun' by Nho Heup-ju with 《Juyeok周易》or the principle of < Honcheoneo 渾天儀 > after reviewing previous theories in 《Sugyeong水經》, < Haehobu海潮賦 > and 《Bulgeong佛經》etc. On the other hand, the intellectuals in the Joseon Dynasty like Kim Deuk-sin, Han Won-jin, and Wi Baek-gyu including Kim An-ro explained that the principles of the ebb and flood are based on the theory of earth-breath by So-ong, on the logic of working of yin-yang and Ghi氣 by Jeongja, and on the theory by Chu Hsi which related it to the moon, not to the sun. Second, there is a dialectics about the theory in which Dong-Hae, the East Sea is not affected by the tide. Scholars have raised lots of theories to explain the reasons for this phenomenon. Lee Hang-bok explained that Ghi氣 would be exhausted when the seawater reached to the east. Han Baek-gyeom suggested the theory that Ghi氣 passing through south and north cannot affect the right and left sides. Jang Yu suggested the theory of the North Sea 北海說 which explained that it was because the East Sea was close to the North Sea. Jo ik argued that there was no tide because the East Sea belonged to the part of the open sea while asserting the ocean had the inland sea and the open sea. Song Gyu-ryeom and Guoen Heon interpreted that it was due to the earthen energy地勢 and Song Byeon-seon agreed with the theory of North Sea. In this way, the reasons why there was no tide in the East Sea were logically inferred based on a variety of imagination. These discussions let us be confirmed that there was none of scientific system of information at all for most of traditional intellectuals until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. Third, there is an explanation according to scientific dialectics. This theory can be found mainly in the theory of tide by Seongho Lee Ik and Hyegang Choi Han-gi. They had extensive knowledge of Western science and accurate understanding of the relationship between the Earth, and the moon and the sun based upon heliocentric theory. In this way, they described the ebb and flood phenomenon in terms of scientific knowledge system in the organized and detailed manner. This seems to be the first case of interpreting natural phenomenon of the sea in a modern scientific way.

원격강의 중 디자인 실습교과목의 효과적인 상호작용을 위한 요소 분석

이향아 ( Lee Hyang-a ),윤지현 ( Youn Ji-hyun ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2010 한국디자인포럼 Vol.27 No.-

원격강의 중 디자인 실습교과목에 있어서 상호작용성은 학습자의 자기주도적 학습을 통한 학습증진의 핵심이 된다. 디자인 실습교과목의 특성상 멀티미디어적 요소의 활용도가 높은데 비해 현재 이루어지고 있는 상호작용의 요소는 그 사용성이 미흡한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 원격강의에서 이루어지고 있는 디자인 실습교과목의 상호작용 요소를 분석하고 문제점을 도출, 보완 방향을 제시함으로써 디자인 실습교과목에 합리적인 강의모델을 제시하고자 한다. Interactions in remote practical design exercise class are core factors for learning enhancement through self-directed learning by students. As a characteristic of practical design class, there is high level of utilization in multimedia tools but current interaction factors use minimal level of multimedia tools. The purpose of this study is to propose reasonable lecture model of practical design exercise class by analyzing interaction factors in practical design exercise class and propose appropriate direction after deriving problematic issues.

지방정부 정책콘텐츠와 주민만족도

이향수(Hyangsoo Lee),이성훈(Seong-Hoon Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.12 No.5

지방자치제도가 활성화되고 있는 시점에서 지역주민은 지방자치단체 행정의 집행에 있어서 수동적인 객체가 아니라 행정서비스를 평가하고 능동적으로 구매하는 고객으로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 지역주민을 대상으로 하여 복지정책, 산업정책, 교육문화정책, 생활환경정책 등 다양한 분야별 정책콘텐츠에 대한 만족도를 측정하여 분석하고자 한다. 분석결과 보건복지정책, 교육문화정책콘텐츠를 제외한 나머지 분야에 대해서는 만족도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 정책적 제언을 제시하고 있다. Residents of the municipalities in administrative services are recognized as active objects and active customers who purchase the public services. This study analyzes, by quantitative approach of surveys, the residents awareness of the quality of five policy content areas. The results show that awareness of the quality of the five contents areas is substantially below average. Lessons and implications of this study for management leadership are presented.

특집논문 : 회봉(晦峯) 안규용(安圭容)의 시문학(詩文學) 연구(硏究)

이향배 ( Hyang Bae Lee ) 호남사학회(구 전남사학회) 2014 역사학연구 Vol.56 No.-

본고는 회봉 안규용의 생애와 한시 세계에 대해 분석하였다. 회봉은 연재 송병선으로 고제자로 평생 동안 산림에서 강학활동하며 존화양이의 의리사상을 실천하여 고고한 지조를 지키며 살다간 유학자이며 애국지사이다. 그의 문학 작품에는 그런 시대에 살아가면서 겪어야만 했던 갈등과 고민이 투영되어 있었다. 회봉은 載道的 문학관을 견지했다. 덕행을 문학의 근본으로 삼고 인품을 중시하는 문학론을 펼치고 있었다. 인품이 높은 사람이 훌륭한 시도 짓는다는 논리로서 덕행이 문학으로 승화되었을 때 훌륭한 문학이라고 본 것이다. 회봉의 한시세계는 대체로 창작시기별로 내용을 중심으로 분석하였다. 먼저 회봉이 젊었을 때 불운한 시대를 만나 선비로서 품은 포부가 좌절되면서 내면적으로 방황하는 면모를 밝혔다. 회봉은 암담한 현실 속에서 겪어야 했던 좌절감과 갈등을 시로 승화시키고 있었다. 그의 시에는 회봉의 포부와 함께 호방한 기상이 잘 나타나 있었다. 평생 동안 춘추의리를 실천한 회봉은 尊攘義理 사상을 시로 형상화하였다. 대명의리사상이 문학적으로 승화된 작품으로는 <誓東征壯士>와 <壽皇亭歌>였다. 그의 시에 투영된 존화양이의 의리사상은 일제에 대한 저항하는 대응논리이며 제국주의 문화에 맞서 인의도덕문화를 지켜내려는 인문정신의 발로였다. 회봉에 있어서 죽곡정사는 매우 중요한 공간이었다. 강회의 분위기를 읊은 시와 제자들에 대한 사랑을 드러낸 시의 분석을 통해 볼 때 죽곡정사는 회봉의 학문탐구 공간이었다. 또한 <죽곡잡영>의 분석을 통해 정사 주변 경물은 靜觀의 대상이며 寓興의 知己였고, 심신 수양의 공간이며 풍류를 즐기는 장소였음을 밝혔다. 회봉이 산수를 유람하여 한시를 남겼다. 회봉이 맑은 승경을 유람하면서 자신을 반성하기도 하고 끊임없이 나라를 걱정하는 마음을 토로하였다. 또한 회봉이 자신의 내면에 쌓인 울분과 답답한 심경을 산수를 통해 해소했던 것이다. 회봉의 한시에는 우국충정과 춘추의리사상이 일관되게 점철되어 있었으며, 불우한 시대에 선비로 살아가면서 겪어야만 했던 갈등과 고민이 문학적으로 승화되어 있었다. 그의 시풍은 대체로 비분강개의 호방한 풍격을 지녔으며, 선비의 정신세계가 잘 드러나 있었다. This paper attempts to take an in-depth study of Hoebong Ahn, Gyuyong’s life and his poetic artworks and activities. Hoebong was a loyal student of Yeonjae Song, Byungsun. He had devoted his whole life for teaching and put ‘revere the China and expel the foreigners’ theory into practice. He was a Confucian scholar and a patriot who spent his life time to keep his fidelity. His agony and inner conflicts are reflected in his literature works. His literary philosophy put a great importance on a virtue and a noble character of human being. He appreciated that a person who has a noble character writes great poems. It shows that virtue can be sublimated into great literature works. His literature was analyzed by written time and by the main themes. First of all, Hoebong had to go through misfortunate time when he was young. His wishes were frustrated and he had to agonize over the dark reality of the age. His inner conflicts are analyzed through his literature. He sublimated his frustration and inner conflicts into great poetry. His poems express his ambitious wishes and vigorous spirit. He had put ‘revere the China and expel the foreigners’ theory into practice and this was expressed in this poetry. His poetic artworks such as Suhdongjeonjangsa and Suhwangjeongga reflecting his royalty toward Ming. His ‘revere the China and expel the foreigners’ and royalty toward Ming were against Japan and its imperialism. His humanitarianism was the groundwork of his humanity which tried to keep loyal and moral spirit. Jukgokjeongsa was a meaningful place for Heebong. It was a place for fostering academic research and this was revealed through his poetry analysis which expressed the atmosphere of the place and his love for his students. Besides, Jukgokjabyoung reflects that the scenery of the season was an object of appreciation and an appreciative friend of his. It was a place for cultivating his body and mind through tasting for the arts. Hoebong made tours to mountains and rivers national wide to write poems. Those tours made him reflect on himself and worry his nation. He also resolved his frustration and stuffy feeling through appreciating beautiful nature in mountains and rivers. His literature works expressed his consistent patriotic spirit and critical attitude(Chuchu-Euili) and sublimated his inner frustration and conflicts into great poetry. His poetry expresses his sorrowful indignation and broad spirit as well inner mind of a scholar.

디자인트렌드예측을 위한 디자이너 경험의 발화조건과 구조에 관한 연구

이향은 ( Hyang Eun Lee ) 한국기초조형학회 2014 기초조형학연구 Vol.15 No.3

기업에서의 디자인트렌드예측 프로세스는 공통적으로 준비작업 - Key Factor발견 - 교차분석 - 시나리오 도출 - 비전/전략 설정 - 시각화 - 의 6단계로 이루어진다. 선행연구를 통해 통찰력은 디자이너의 개인적인 경험을 바탕으로 형성되며 통찰력이 좋을수록 트렌드 예측력은 높아지게 된다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 디자이너에게 축적되어 있는 다양한 경험들을 유형화하고 그 유형별 경험에 대한 개인적인 피드백을 통해 창조적 사고가 일어나며 영감을 얻을 수 있으므로 디자이너의 축적된 경험을 특성에 따라 요인화하고 체계화함에 따라 디자인트렌드를 만드는 영감(창의성)으로 발화시킬 수 있다는 결론에 도달했다. 본 논문에서는 디자인트렌드예측의 모델을 설명하기 위해 기존의 디자인경영 프레임 속에서 트렌드 예측부분을 강화하였는데, 특히 가장 기초단계인 ‘Key Factor발견’의 과정을 다각화하고 Factor의 질을 차별화하기 위해 디자이너 개인의 경험을 적극적으로 활용하는 방법에 집중하였다. 이를 위해 디자인경영의 프레임에 관한 문헌고찰과 경험에 대한 선행이론 연구, 해외 및 국내 기업에서 실제 사용하고 있는 트렌드 예측프로세스를 조사하고, 성공적인 기업의 트렌드예측경영사례를 조사·분석하였다. 이를 통해 디자이너의 영감에 영향을 주는 디자이너 개인의 경험을 활용하기 위한 조건에는 (1)긍정적 경험의 확장, (2) 간접경험의 직접경험화, (3)혁신수용도와 전파력, (4)부유경험의 활용도, (5)기대심리를 자극해야 한다는 분석결과를 도출했으며 이를 구조화하였다. For explaining the model of design trend forecasting, trend forecasting was strengthened in existing frame of design management. Pivotal contents are the source of designer``s individual experiences. It``s for the planning stage of design process in enterprises and its basic range is the application for establishing new concept or strategy, including research. To achieve it, literature review for design management``s frame and study on precedent theories of experiences were conducted. The trend forecasting process which is used actually in external and internal enterprises was examined and examples of successful enterprises`` trend forecast management were investigated and analyzed. All of the process is for examining formation process and agents of design trend forecasting based on individual experiences and analytical study was progressed by results of multidisciplinary analysis. For design, kinds and methods of experiences giving inspiration, process of their action and strengths/weaknesses of the process were grasped and realities of current industry were verified. Through the research process, relationship between inspiration and insight and factors of insight were established and designer``s individual experiences became source. And then, the process improving forecasting ability was modeling with the source. The sourcing method established by the research contents was structurized by trend forecasting system focusing on designer``s intuition. It``s organized by five findings;(1)extension of posotive experience, (2)Making it direct from indirect experience, (3)innovation acceptance, (4)utilizing floating experience, (5)stimulating expected mind.

환자의 치과병,의원 선택동기

이향님 ( Hyangnim Lee ),심형순 ( Hyungsun Shim ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2015 한국치위생학회지 Vol.15 No.5

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the choice motivation of dental clinics by patients. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 577 patients visiting the dental clinics from October 6 to 25, 2014 in G city after explaining the purpose of the study and receiving the informed consent. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic characteristics and choice motivation of dental clinics using Likert 5 point scale. Results: 1. The traffic convenience was the highest in those who were the 30s (3.37) and unmarried person (3.30). Those having moderate oral health condition showed 3.23. The regular checkup group had 3.33. The physical environment was the highest in the 20s (3.37) and the unmarried persons (3.33). Those having master’s degree showed 3.86. The reputation of the dental clinic image was the highest in those having master’s degree (3.63). Those having moderate oral health condition had 3.28. The main reason for dental clinic visit was tooth extraction (3.79, p<0.05). 2. The top priority choice for the dental clinic was the access to the dental clinic and the next reason was reputation for the dentist. The other choice factors included trust for the dentist, recommendation, and night treatment. Conclusions: The important choice for the dental clinic included the access to the dental clinic and reputation for the dentist.

붕사 희석액 농도에 따른 시멘트 페이스트의 레올로지적 분석

이향선 ( Lee Hyang-sun ),이유정 ( Lee Yu-jeong ),한동엽 ( Han Dong-yeop ) 한국건축시공학회 2019 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.19 No.1

Concrete with high thixotropy has a lower plastic viscosity when pour in, thus demonstrating fluidity, and After poured, the viscosity can be restored again to ensure stable progress without additional liquidity and material separation. Therefore, in this study, a basic study of thixotropy of concrete was proceeded through cross-linked bond of PVA and Borax. Therefore, it is judgment that the higher the concentration of boron solutions, the higher the strength of the interconnections between PVA and boron.