필립 로스의 인간의 오점: 인종의 경계 넘기와 삶의 부조리성

이향만 ( Hyang Mann Lee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2013 현대영어영문학 Vol.57 No.4

This article will explore how Philip Roth has intertwined his theme of biological disadvantage an the individual vision of freedom in The Human Stain. The protagonist`s act of passing as a whiteman is a kind of rebellion of defying the absurd reality of a sick society as an individual beyond the social determinants defining him. The protagonist`s passing has been generally used to refer to the individual`s change of his racial identity. But each of the main characters in this novel tries to pass in his or her own way to rebel against the pathological attitude of the unjust society. Zuckerman, the narrator and alter-ego of Roth, decides to employ the heroe`s "human stain" as his subject in the novel after he finds out the protagonist`s secret after his death, The narrator learns to find the solution to come out from his seclusion from the ordinary life after he hears about the protagonist`s hidden biography. In his novel the narrator is able to create Coleman in his own image as a dedicated novelist and is awakened to a transcendental view of life and nature. (Hoseo University)

환상과 현실의 경계 - 피츠제랄드의 < 위대한 개츠비 > -

이향만(Hyang Mann Lee) 문학과영상학회 2001 문학과영상 Vol.2 No.1

Fitzgerald creates the world of the novel in which a great distance between illusion and reality can be found. This is one of the writer`s alternatives to the hollow world after the World War I. Fitzgerald observed the modern man`s removal from his direct experience into a half-world of dangerous dreams; the deadening of sensation and perception, and the fracturing of relationships that is fostered by indulgence in such vicarious emotion as that which the movies offer their audiences. In this sense, The Great Gatsby is a story in which the similar experience of an audience or a movie viewer occurs. That is, the novel follows the structure in which a reader or a movie viewer extends his understanding of the messages told by the narrator, Nick Carraway, who is getting infatuated with the hero, Gatsby. In the similar way Gatsby is also infatuated with Daisy who indulges in a fantastic world of the movie. Among the movies based on the novel made so far, the director Jack Clayton`s movie is faithful to the spirit of the novel than the previous ones. It has been often criticized that Gatsby`s romanticism has been cut down from a grand illusion to a simple unrequited love affair. But Nick`s voice-over narration, which had not been found in the previous movies, makes up for the shortcomings. When we take it into consideration that the film media has its own limits that diminish the subtleties of Fitzgerald novel, Clayton`s movie has played its function as a independent genre to impress a lot of audience with rich colors, superb photography, impressive background music. And it has at least succeeded in reflecting the author`s attempt to show the boundary that divides the reality from the illusion.

서부 정신의 새 비전: 코맥 맥카시의 『모두 다 예쁜 말들』

이향만 ( Hyang Mann Lee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2009 현대영어영문학 Vol.53 No.3

All the Pretty Horses, which is McCarthy`s first novel of Border Trilogy, seems to be, on the surface, about the journey of a cowboy and his best friend who try to find something missing for the loss of the ranch and the horses. But the journey from purity to knowledge around the border country gives him certain truths about himself and the world: the revision of the West. The hero`s new vision of the West is the insight of the ardent-hearted attitude with which he can integrate the good and evil, the beauty and the pain, the wish and the thing in the indifferent and cruel world. The vision comes after the hero understands both the wildness within himself and the wildness around the world. In this sense, McCarthy`s All the Pretty Horses transcends just the nostalgic story of a cowboy, and instead becomes a significant story for the coming world. (Hoseo University)

감성의 여로와 소통: 이언 매큐언의『토요일』

이향만 ( Hyang Mann Lee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2012 현대영어영문학 Vol.56 No.4

This article will explore how the protagonist`s emotional journey and his vision of empathy toward the other have been represented in Ian McEwan`s Saturday. McEwan`s view of the fiction emphasizes the significance of the empathy of the human mind in confronting the world full of the unexpected violence such as the 9/11 accident which functions as a psychological background of this novel. This essay considers the way by which the author explores the complexities of the protagonist`s mental processing in which his rational view of life moves toward the emotional state of mind. By showing the emotional view of the poets and the reason of the scientists, the author implies that we must learn to feel to attain an encompassing and imaginative view of the human condition. (Hoseo University).

사랑의 병리와 비움의 미학 -이언 맥큐언의『견디어가는 사랑』을 중심으로-

이향만 ( Hyang Mann Lee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2010 현대영어영문학 Vol.54 No.1

One of the main themes of Ian McEwan`s Enduring Love is the problem of pathological love, focused on the conflicts of science and religion in the contemporary world. The differing attitudes toward human nature and love put the protagonist into the crisis of mid-life identity and marriage. Reading this novel requires the readers to find an alternative to the controversial ways of both the rational and religious understanding of the nature of love. Ian McEwan has commented that the protagonist needed something in Clarissa`s view of things. That may be defined as her sensitive, caring world view which comes from her study of Keats` letters about being in love. The aggregative content of objective knowledge represented by the protagonist is contrasted with the lived oneness of knowing and being which is represented by Clarissa. Clarissa`s receptive intuition is evident in her acceptance of love enduring all the agonies of marriage which can be described as the result of her receiving Keat`s "ability to be without any irritable reaching after fact & reason". This is a virtue of emptiness with which man can accept the irrational reality. (Hoseo University)

텍스트의 안과 밖 : 『 주홍글자 』 의 영화 만들기

이향만(Hyang Mann Lee) 문학과영상학회 2000 문학과영상 Vol.1 No.2

It is inevitable to transfigure the contents of the text when adapting a novel to a movie. So, discussion of adaptation has been focused on the fidelity issue. The movies which have been so far adapted from The Scarlet Letter reflect the cultural aspect of the contemporary social situation. And those movies made have their own merits and problems regardless of their fidelity to the original texts. In the silent movie directed by Victor Seastrom in 1926, the victim element and the essential innocence of Hester are stressed. The film`s commercial success and its emotional power may be seen to derive from the perfect choice of star actress, Lillian Gish and a skillful manipulation of the moral standards. In the movie directed by Robert Vignola in 1934 several comedic elements were added to a story to reduce the depressing overtones. The movie directed by Rick Hauser in 1979 is quite faithful to the novel. However, the movie, originally planned as a TV mini-series, failed to be sold and to make money. The movie directed by Rolland Joffe in 1995, despite its skillful revival of the landscape of 17th century puritan society, has been criticized for committing adulteration of the original novel. Regardless of the movie`s fidelity to the original text, all the efforts to make the movie may be understood to make an way to enable the public to get an easy access to the difficult text by allowing them a kind of reading experience through watching the movie.

소설쓰기에서 사실적 경험과 문학적 상상: 이언 맥큐언의 『속죄』

이향만 ( Hyang Mann Lee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2009 현대영어영문학 Vol.53 No.1

존 스타인벡 문학의 재조명 : 1940년대 문학적 실험과 영화각색의 의의

이향만 ( Hyang Mann Lee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2007 현대영어영문학 Vol.51 No.1

소설 되짚어 읽기의 묘미 - 존 스타인벡의 『에덴의 동쪽』과 영화

이향만(Hyang Mann Lee) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2006 영미연구 Vol.15 No.-

  The situation of family is an important theme in the American East of Eden, though it has been criticized as a weak novel on account of its diffuse structure, contains one of Steinbeck"s important themes concerning ethics and human nature. And its adapted movie of Elia Kazan, as a superb film of auteurism, offers the cinematic vision to contrast the different worlds from the novel to the movie, and to reevaluate the author"s main theme, especially concentrating on the omission and traces of an oriental philosopher Lee.<BR>  It is not overstating to say that the hero of the novel is Lee who integrates all the conflicted worlds of the characters in the novel. With the philosophical Chinese servant missing, the director Kazan risks omitting the discussion of timshel . Lee may be regarded as a secondary character as an onlooker, but he represents the voice of wisdom and reason at the crucial time of the events of the story, and often articulates some of the novel’s most important themes.<BR>  The oriental philosopher has disappeared physically in the process of transference from one medium to another, but the traces of his philosophical idea and attitude toward life can be found in the transformed characters. So it can be said that the concept of Lee"s timshel in the movie is revealed not through his direct speeches but in the transformed acts of characters, especially through the changed images of Abra and Kate.

무위와 포용: 존 스타인벡의 『통조림 공장가』

이향만 ( Hyang Mann Lee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2008 현대영어영문학 Vol.52 No.4