Effect of aging on expression of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human gingival fibroblasts

지숙,국중기,박주철,김흥중,장현선,김종관,김병옥,Ji, Suk,Kook, Jung-Ki,Park, Joo-Cheol,Kim, Heung-Joong,Jang, Hyun-Seon,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Kim, Byung-Ock The Korean Academy of Periodontoloy 2006 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.36 No.2

치주질환의 진행이 나이에 의해 영향을 받는다는 사실은 알려져 있으나 노화에 따른 치주조직 세포의 기능적인 변화에 관한 사실은 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 노화에 따른 세포의 노화가 치주질환의 진행에 어떠한 여향을 끼치는가를 아는 것은 중요하다. 염증 상태에서 nitric oxide (NO)는 조직 파괴에 관여하는 인자로 작용하여 치주질환의 진행에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 사람의 치은에서 배양된 치은섬유아세포를 이용하여 세포의 노화에 따른 NO와 이의 합성효소인 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)의 발현을 알아봄으로써 세포의 노화가 치주질환의 진행에 끼치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 10세의 환자와 55세의 환자에서 각각 채취한 치은에서 배양된 세포와 10세의 환자에서 채취한 세포를 계속적인 계대배양을 통해 얻은 실험실 상 노화된 세포를 포함하여 총 3 종류의 치은섬유세포를 실험에 이용하였다. Hot phenol-water extraction을 통해 추출된 Porphyromonas, gingivalis ATCC 33277 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)와 재조합 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 를 세포에 적용시켜 Griess assay를 통해 조건화된 배지에서 NO를 측정하였다. 20세와 55세의 환자에서 채취된 치은 조직과 총 3 종류의 배양된 세포에 NOS-II 항체를 적용시켜 iNOS 단백질 발현을 관찰하였다. Total RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR를 통해 iNOS mRNA의 발현을 분석하였다. 치은섬유아세포에서 NO는 자발적으로 발생되었고, 이러한 발현은 젊은 세포보다 노화된 세포에서 강하였다. P, gingivalis LPS와 제조합 $IFN-{\gamma}$는 치은섬유아세포에서 NO의 발현을 증가시켰고, 이러한 발현은 젊은 세포보다 노화된 세포에서 강하였다. 면역조직화학 염색에서 iNOS 단백질은 젊은 사람과 노화된 사람의 치은 조직 모두에서 치은섬유아세포와 상피의 기저층 세포와 염증세포에서 발현되었으나 노화에 따른 발현의 차이를 구별할 수는 없었다. 세포의 면역염색에서 iNOS 단백질은 노화된 세포에서 강하게 발현되었고 이러한 발현은 LPS와 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 에 의해 강화되었다. LPS와 $INF-{\gamma}$ 의 조건이 주어지지 않은 상태에서 iNOS mRNA는 젊은 세포에서보다 노화된 세포에서 강하게 발현되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 세포의 노화가 NO와 iNOS 발현을 증가시킴으로서 치주질환의 진행에 영향을 끼칠 수 있음을 시사하였다.

열풍건조 및 데침 처리에 따른 배암차즈기(Salvia plebeia R. Br.)의 항산화 및 이화학적 특성 변화

정지숙(Ji-Suk Jeong),김용주(Yong-Joo Kim),최보름(Bo-Rum Choi),고근배(Geun-Bae Go),손병길(Byeong-Gil Son),강석원(Suk-Won Gang),문승만(Seung-Man Moon) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구는 배암차즈기 나물을 열풍건조 및 데침 처리에 따른 이화학적 변화를 조사하였다. 열풍건조한 배암차즈기의 총 폴리페놀 함량 94.64 mg/g이었으며, 데친 후에는 48.40 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 열풍건조한 배암차즈기의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 29.70 mg/g이며, 데친 후에는 22.10 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 농도 비례적으로 DPPH radical 소거능을 나타내었으며, 25 μg/mL 농도에서 ascorbic acid, 열풍건조 및 데친 후 열풍건조한 배암차즈기가 각각 94.5%, 84.3% 및 59.7%로 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 총당 함량은 각각 7,187 mg/100 g과 6,104 mg/100 g으로 데친 후에 감소하였다. 데치는 과정 중 sucrose와 maltose는 감소하고 glucose와 fructose는 증가하였다. 주요 유기산은 succinic acid이었으며, 데친 후에는 succinic acid가 감소한 반면에 citric acid는 오히려 증가하는 경향을 보였다. Glucose와 fructose는 citric acid의 생성에 영향을 주며, sucrose와 maltose는 tartaric acid, malic acid 및 succinic acid의 생성에 영향을 주는 것으로 조사되었다. 14종의 아미노산이 검출되었으며, methionine, lysine, glycine, histidine, cystine은 검출되지 않았다. 배암차즈기는 총 아미노산의 함량은 다른 종류의 나물에 비해 적은 편이었으나, 총 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 열풍건조한 배암차즈기가 61.76%로 필수아미노산의 함유량이 상대적으로 높았다. 또한 열풍건조 배암차즈기는 비아미노산인 norvaline과 GABA가 각각 1.40 mg/100 g과 39.00 mg/100 g으로 상당량 검출되었다. 따라서 항산화 효과 및 영양학적으로도 우수한 배암차즈기는 나물뿐만 아니라 다양한 건강기능성 식품 소재로의 활용가치가 우수한 것으로 평가된다. The aim of this study was to investigate physicochemical changes in Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SPA) upon hot-air drying and blanching. After hot-air drying and blanching, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were reduced from 96.64 mg and 48.40 mg gallic acid equivalent/g to 29.70 mg and 22.10 mg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activities at 25 μg/mL of SPA were 94.5% for ascorbic acid, 84.3% for hot-air dried SPA, and 59.7% for blanched SPA and there was no significant difference between those of hot-air dried SPA and ascorbic acid as a positive control. Total sugar contents were 7.187% and 6.104% for hot-air dried SPA and blanched SPA, respectively. During the blanching process, sucrose and maltose contents decreased, whereas glucose and fructose contents increased. Glucose and fructose were converted into citric acid in blanched SPA, whereas sucrose and maltose were converted into tartaric acid, malic acid, and succinic acid. Fourteen kinds of amino acids were found, but methionine, lysine, glycine, histidine, and cysteine were absent. The proportion of essential amino acids was 61.76% upon hot-air drying, which was a relatively high amount. In addition, hot-air drying resulted in 1.40 mg/100 g of norvaline as well as 39.00 mg/100 g of GABA, which are non-amino acids. Therefore, Salvia plebeia R. Br. can be used not only as vegetables but also as highly useful and various health functional foods with antioxidant effects and excellent nutrition.

일독 사실주의 소설 속의 여성의 일탈 서사 ー「한 여자」의 요코와 「에피 브리스트」의 에피를 중심으로ー

신지숙 ( Shin Ji-suk ) 한국일어일문학회 2023 日語日文學硏究 Vol.124 No.0

有島武郎「或る女」(1919)とテーオドール・フォンターネ「罪なき罪ト(Effi Briest)」(1894/95, 1896)両作品は、日本とドイツの代表的なリアリズム小説である。本稿は、両作品を、それぞれの主人公、葉子とエフィの社会的な逸脱、姦通に焦点を当てて比較した。葉子とエフィは、家庭が社会および国家に組み込まれ、「社会的な構成物」であるジェンダ-が強固になっていく時代状況の下、因襲的な社会の規範に反発するという点で、共通している。葉子は女性を束縛する家夫長制に抗い、エフィは名誉重視の美徳に嫌悪感を吐露する。もう一つ、共通していることは、罰と感じとる苦しみの中では、罪の意識も癒しも起らないということである。葉子は「神の締め木」と解釈する断末魔の苦しみの中で、神に抗議しており、エフィは「罰」と受け取ろうとするつらい状況の中で、罪の意識を育てようとするが、インシュテテンに対する嫌悪、社会に対する嫌悪を募らせるばかりだ。しかし、苦しみの後、両親に受け入れられて、その愛に癒され、また自然がら得る慰めによって癒され、誠の愛の人へと成長する。一方、鮮明な違いは、自分の行動に対する責任の態度である。癒されたエフィは、槍を逆に投げたと、自分の非を認めるが、癒しを経験しない葉子は、間違っていたとは認めるが、その責任は認めず、運命を支配する神に抗議する。葉子の抗議にはキリスト教の贖罪論に関する作家有島の疑問が投影されている。周知のとおり、リアリズムは社会と人間の対立を客観的に描こうとする。けれども、葉子の在り方には、作家の宗教的観念が介入し、社会に対する抗議が神に対する抗議へと飛躍する。さらに、癒しの経験の有無が、葉子とエフィを、抗議する女性と和解する女性とに分けている。 「A Certain Woman (或る女, Aru Onna, 1919)」by Arishima Takeo (有島武郎 1878-1923) and 「Effi Briest (1894/95, 1896)」by Theodor Fontane (1819-1898) are representative realist novels of Japan and Germany, respectively. This analysis provides a comparison of these two works, with focuses on the narratives of deviation and adultery of the two heroines: Yōko Satsuki and Effi. These two women have something in common. First, they both rebel against the virtues of a conventional society which values patriarchy and honor, especially in an era in which gender discrimination becomes more evident as a “social construct” as the family is incorporated into society and the state. Secondly, in the pain that they feel as punishment, neither acknowledgment nor healing of their sins takes place inside the two heroines. While Yoko is protesting to God in pain that she interprets as a punishment from God, Effi attempted to develop a sense of guilt in the painful situation that she tried to interpret as punishment, but in vain. Inside her, only hatred for Instetten and society amplified. However, Effi got healed and grew into a true loving person, in the consolation of nature and in the acceptance and love of her parents, which came after her suffering. On the other hand, the obvious difference between the two heroines is the attitude of taking responsibility for their own actions. While Effi, who got healed, admits her fault of betrayal, Yoko, who has not experienced healing, refuses to accept the responsibility and protests to the God who rules her fate, despite admitting the wrongs she has done in her life. In her protest, the author Arishima’s doubts about the Christian theory of atonement are projected.

일본 초등학교 국어교과서 문학 공간 속의 젠더 이미지

신지숙(Shin Ji Suk,申智淑) 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2016 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.68

The characteristics of gender image were analyzed considering that literary works in 10 types of Japanese elementary school Japanese language textbooks published by Mitzmura(光村) in 2011 as one text space. The total number of literary works was 58 including 33 prose and 25 poems. The first point to be stated was that females in the literature were under numerical inferiority thus their presence cannot be brought out as the males. The number of main characters in the prose included 22 males and 7 females. The other 3 proses had both males and females as main characters and the main character's gender of another prose was unclear. The poetic narrators of poems also included 17 males and 8 females, which demonstrates significant difference. The characteristics of gender image shown in the textbook literary space are as follows. The masculinity of prose was colored as proactive images resolving issues with wisdom, capabilities, courage and leadership or ethical beings conducting virtues for the others. Females, on the other hand, sometimes demonstrated common talents and virtues with males but their images are more closer to supporters. In case of poems, masculinity is characterized as desire for growth based on self-respect and feminity is characterized as integrative respect. 2011年に発行された、光村図書出版の小学校国語教科書(『こくご一上かざぐるま』から『国語六 創造』まで全十巻)に収録された文学作品を一つのテクスト空間として見なし、その空間に構築されているジェンダー · イメージを分析した。対象となった作品は散文が33篇と、韻文が25篇とで、58篇であった。まず指摘したいことは、女性の登場人物は男性の登場人物と比べ、数の上で劣勢に立たされており、存在感を示しにくくなっているということである。つまり、物語の主人公の性別をみれば、22篇が男性、7篇が女性であり、後3篇は男女両方が主人公であり、1篇は性別が示されていない動物である。韻文の詩的話者もまた、17篇が男性で、8篇が女性であり、その差は著しい。作品に表象されているジェンダーイメージは次のような特徴が浮彫りになった。散文の中の男性は智慧や実力、勇気、リーダーシップなどをもって問題を解決する前向きなイメージであるか、相手のために徳性を発揮する倫理的な存在のイメージで彩られている。それに対して、女性は、男性と同様の資質や徳性を示している人物もあるが、全体的には、受容的な存在、助力者のイメージが強い。韻文の場合、男性は、自分に対する誇りをもった成長志向の存在として、女性は、自分だけでなく、あらゆる存在を尊重する包括的な尊重、という特徴で表象されている。

산수유로 건조과육 가공 시 건조 시간, 데치는 온도 및 시간에 따른 건조과육의 품질 특성 변화

정지숙(Ji-Suk Jeung),김한모(Han-Mo Kim),강석원(Seuk-Wan Kang),김은하(Eun-Ha Kim),손병길(Byeong-Gil Son),박노진(No-Jin Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2019 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.48 No.3

산수유(Corni Fructus)는 산수유나무(Cornus officinalis Siebold et Zucc.)의 열매에서 씨앗을 제거한 건조 과육을 일컫는다. 대부분 재배 농가에서 직접 가공하여 수매하는 유통구조로 제조과정은 동일하나 제조조건은 가가호호(家家戶戶) 다양하다. 본 연구는 산수유 건피 제조조건 정립을 위한 연구의 일환으로 동결건조 산수유와 45°C에서 2, 5, 7, 10, 15시간 건조한 산수유, 산수유 열매를 45°C에서 5시간 건조한 후 씨앗을 분리하기 위해 45, 65, 95°C 항온수조에서 1, 3, 5분 동안 데친 다음 씨앗이 분리된 산수유의 품질특성을 비교 조사하였다. 그 결과 산수유 과육과 씨앗을 분리할 경우 데침 온도보다 데침 시간에 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되었다. pH는 2.89~3.24, 당도는 0.85~0.97°Brix였다. 동결건조 산수유의 morroniside, loganin 및 cornin은 각각 2,226.16, 1,258.15 및 446.24 mg/100 g이었다. 산수유 열매를 5시간 건조하여 65, 95°C에서 1, 3, 5분간 데친 산수유(HD5B)의 주요 기능 물질인 morroniside는 1,769.11~1,928.09 mg/100 g, loganin은 721.83~987.36 mg/100 g 및 cornin은 223.61~395.18 mg/100 g이었다. 건조시간이 증가할수록 기능 물질 3종은 감소하였다. 그러나 7시간 이상 건조하여 씨앗을 분리한 경우 산수유의 모양이 온전하지 못하기 때문에 건조 시간은 2~5시간이 적당할 것으로 판단된다. 색도는 데침 온도보다 데침 시간에 영향을 받았으며, 데침 시간이 증가할수록 L값은 감소하고, a값과 b값은 증가하였다. 산수유 열매를 15시간 건조하여 65, 95°C에서 1, 3, 5분간 데친 산수유(HD15B)의 경우 주요물질의 함량은 높으나 외관의 크기가 작고 모양이 온전하지 못하며, 전반적인 색이 어두웠다. 이상의 연구 결과로 산수유 건피 제조조건의 범위를 설정할 수 있었으며 향후 산수유 원료의 품질기준이 될 수 있을 것으로 본다. Sansuyu (Corni Fructus, CF) usually refers to the dried flesh of the fruit of Cornus officinalis Siebold et Zucc. without seeds. The dried fruit is mostly manufactured by the growers through direct processing and then sold and distributed; however, the processing conditions differ according to the households. After eliminating the seeds from freeze-dried CF and hot air-dried CF at 45°C for 2, 5, 7, 10, and 15 hours, the CF was pre-dried at 45°C for 5, 15, and 22 hours and then blanched for 1, 3, and 5 minutes at 45, 65, and 95°C. According to the results, when the seeds were separated from CF, the blanching time had a greater influence than the blanching temperature. The morroniside, loganin, and cornin contents of freeze-dried CF were 2,226 mg/100 g, 1,258 mg/100 g, and 446 mg/100 g respectively. Regarding the main functional compounds of CF, the morroniside, loganin, and cornin contents were 1,769~2,343, 717∼1,270, and 224∼544 mg/100 g, respectively. As the drying time was increased, the concentration of the functional compounds decreased. On the other hand, the shape of CF was not well preserved when the seeds were separated after more than seven-hour drying. Therefore, two to five-hour drying appears to be appropriate. The color value is more influenced by the blanching time than by the blanching temperature, and as the blanching time increases, the L-value decreases with a concomitant increase in the a-value and b-value. These results can be used to develop the quality standards for dried Sansuyu fruit.

대구지역 인공열 배출의 시간변화특성

안지숙(Ji-Suk Ahn),김해동(Hae-Dong Kim) 계명대학교 낙동강환경원 2002 環境科學論集 Vol.7 No.1

일본문학(日本文學),일본학(日本學) 편(篇) : 오에 겐지부로(大江健三郞) 「보기 전에 뛰어라(見るまえに跳べ)」론

신지숙 ( Ji Suk Shin ) 한국일어일문학회 2010 日語日文學硏究 Vol.73 No.2

일본초등학교 5학년 국어교과서 문학교재의 특징 -테마를 중심으로-

신지숙 ( Ji-suk Shin ) 한국일어일문학회 2016 日語日文學硏究 Vol.96 No.2

This study analyses a Japanese textbook for fifth-year students of elementary school, 「Kokugo(國語) 5 Ginga(銀河)」, published by Mitsumura Tosho in 2011. The textbook consists of 14 literary works in total; six prose and eight verse. By analysing the themes of the works with a focus on intertextuality, one can find the characteristics as follows: First, the theme of color “green” still remains significant, and the worth of nature is seen through various levels. Second, the matter of ‘value’ works as a common motive throughout four sectors ― individual, relationship, community, and ecology. As an individual, one must pursue the qualities of an “ideal man.” In relationship, one can share values with others, thereby building up friendship. As a member of a community, one must share values with others, thereby passing them to the next generation. However, the idea of an “ideal man” shows a traditional male-centric value. It reveals a gender frame, in which men prove their capability by working steadfastly, and women feel impressed and overwhelmed by men’s hard work. Third, the sector of “community,” which was not seen in the fourth year textbook, newly appears in the fifth year textbook and is highlighted by two stories that cover the theme of family; 「Yuki-Onna」 and 「God in Snowshoes」. While the former portrays a painful tragedy where a family`s happiness is totally destroyed, the latter is a warm-hearted story where a family`s love and sense of connection become stronger. However, in 「God in Snowshoes」, the value of craftsmanship is passed to the next generation not by teaching actual skills but by telling a story. In this respect, 「God in Snowshoes」 can be seen as a microcosm of the textbook as a whole. Just like the story, where a grandmother teaches her grand daughter traditional values of their society throughout storytelling, the textbook itself acts as a family that delivers traditional human values and qualities to the students who are not living with their grandparents.

학문으로서 코칭의 정체성 확립에 관한 연구

허지숙(Huh, Ji-Suk),주충일(Joo, Choong-Il),이성엽(Yi, Sung-Yup) 한국교육컨설팅코칭학회 2017 교육컨설팅코칭연구 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구는 소크라테스의 교육철학을 토대로 20세기 들어 급격히 성장하고 있는 코칭에 대한 비판적 논의와 학문적 정체성 정립을 모색코자 논의 하였다.연구를 통해 소크라테스의 교육철학의 목적인 인간의 탁월성(아레데), 산파술, 아포리아 등은 코칭 철학과 방법론의 기반이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그 결과. 첫째, 코칭의 목적은 개인과 조직의 성공과 수행적 탁월성이 아닌 품성적 탁월성까지 포함한 재개념화가 필요하다. 둘째, 코칭에 있어 소크라테스적 방법과 프로세스를 정립할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 코치의 역량은 삶에 대한 끊임없는 성찰에 관한 것이어야 한다. 넷째, 코치와 피코치는 철저한 파트너십을 지향해야 한다. 이러한 소크라테스 교육철학과 의 논의는 코칭이 HRD 전략의 한 유행으로 그치는 것이 아니라 학문적으로 정립할 수 있는 이론적 초석을 마련해 줄 것이다. The study was based on the philosophical philosophy of Socrates to try to establish a monumental debate in order to establish a monumental debate and scholarship in the 20th century. Through this research, it is shown that human excellence (Arete) And Aporia were found to be the basis of coaching philosophy and methodology. As a result, First of all, the purpose of coaching is to reconstitute the reappointment , including the success of individuals and organizational excellence, not the fulfillment of personal and organizational excellence. Second, it is necessary to establish a process and process in coaching. Third, the coach s competence should be about continuous reflection on life. Fourthly, coaches and coachee should pursue a thorough partnership. Discussion of the philosophy of Socrates educational philosophy will not only lead to a trend in the HRD strategy, but a theoretical basis of establishing academic goals.

한일 6학년 국어교과서에 내장된 가치관 비교

신지숙 ( Shin¸ Ji-suk ) 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2020 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.86

韓国と日本、両国の小学校六年生の国語教科書に載っている教材がどういう価値観を構築しているのか究明するのが、この論文の目的である。対象としては、文学作品のみならず、実用文を含めて全教材を射程に入れた。主題の領域は、両国の教育基本法に基づき、個人·社会·国家·人類·自然に大別し、すべての教材の主題を読み取り、領域別に分類整理して特徴を分析した。日本は39本の教材に42の主題が、韓国は106本の教材に113の主題が盛り込まれている。 韓国の教科書は、社会的な価値を、個人的な価値に劣らないほど、人間の営みにおいて重要視し、人間関係において追求されるべき核心的な価値として善を強調する。個人の人格においては、判断力、智慧などの知性を感性や意志より重要視する。さらに、すべての領域において現実に対する批評能力を重んずる。ひとことでまとめれば、批評的な知性と善を重んずる価値観を打ち出しているといえる。 一方、日本の教科書は、人間の営みにおいて、自然に対する姿勢を強調する価値観を示しており、個人の人格においてもその自然を享受できる感性の側面が最も重要視される。それに引き替え、現実社会の問題にはあまり注目しない。ひとことでまとめれば、エコロジカルな倫理を重んずる価値観を打ち出しているといえる。 両国の教材の主題を個別的に観れば、数の違いはあるものの、共通する主題もかなりある。智慧、知識、和解、国家の文化の尊重、自然保護、自然に対する感性などである。しかし、両国が、現在、国民に教育し、受け継がせようとする価値の強調点は明らかに異なる。日本は自然との調和のほうに、韓国は批評的な知性による人間社会の正義と善のほうに傍点を打つ。 The purpose of this study is to investigate the values established by the National Language textbooks provided for the education of 6th graders in elementary schools of Korea and Japan. The study included the whole contents of the textbook which include literary works as well as practical texts. The areas of the subject were divided into individual, social, mankind, and nature based on the Fundamentals of Education Act practiced by both countries. The subject of each textbook was then deduced and were put through the process of classification, organization, and characteristic analysis. Japanese textbook had 42 subjects included in 39 textbooks while Korean textbook had 113 subjects included in 106 textbooks. Korean textbook considers social value as important as individual values when it comes to life, and counts goodness as the key value to pursue when it comes to relationship. For individual personality, intelligence-related aspects such as judgment and wisdom were placed above sentiments and will. As a whole, it can be concluded that contents in Korean textbook consider instilling critical mind for reality in all areas as an important goal. This indicates the fact that Korean textbooks for 6th graders prioritize values such as critical intelligence and goodness. On the other hand, Japanese textbooks emphasizes the attitude one takes toward nature more than individual value in life. The contents prioritizes sentimental aspect in individual’s personality which allows each individual to enjoy nature. However, the contents do not highlight realistic issues happening within the society. This indicates that Japanese textbooks used for 6th graders promote ecological moral value.