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이은화(Lee, Eun-Hwa),김윤희(Kim, Yun-Hee) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.140
This study focuses on a feminine verse written by Mrs. Lee Ho of the Jinseong Lee clan that has not yet been studied in the academic world, despite the fact that its specific details were previously revealed through a collection of verses titled ‘Bugae-gasa’. In particular, by synthetically examining ‘Notanga’(semantically the verse of lamentation for aging), which is included in the collection, and its answer verse, ‘Notandabgok’(semantically, an answer song to a lamentation for aging) by Mrs. Choi of the Jeonju Choi clan, this study identified characteristics of the two writings as well as, different aspects and cultural meanings of feminine verses shared within a clan. ‘Notanga’, where the rhetoric of self-lamentation for aging is found, has a prominent feature, that she focused on her sick body and portrayed the symptoms and changes in various manners. Mrs. Choi, who read ‘Notanga’, noted that ‘the style is fascinating’. In particular, the lamentation of women in ‘Notanga’ is portrayed very differently compared to other writings dealing with the aging of women in the masculine viewpoint of the late Joseon period. This study found that in ‘Notanga’, an elderly woman focused on her own body and tried to portray the aspects of suffering and change in a realistic manner. It shows the subjective anguish and expressive power in a woman’s viewpoint, not from an external or other person’s viewpoint. It seems that Mrs. Choi, who wrote ‘Notandapgok’, also expressed her desire to tell of a repressed life by a feminine verse after she read ‘Notanga’. At that time, she was enduring hard life circumstances as the eldest daughter-in-law of, a head family. When Mrs. Choi read ‘Notanga’ and found psychological support, her foundation for expression grew, and she learned to express the difficulty of ‘a woman’s married life’ through the words in a feminine verse. She revealed her desires and true voice by composing ‘Notandapgok’ with a more active mind. Paradoxically, the real aspect of suffering and lamentation portrayed by Mrs. Choi acted as a mechanism of consolation to Mrs. Lee Ho, who lamented aging. In this way, it is necessary to pay attention to the examples of dialogue and communication on a family basis among the ways in which feminine verses were distributed in the Yeongnam area in the late Joseon period. A feminine verse is a communication method based on not only the self-esteem of amember of the prestigious family, but also provides a sense of solidarity withthose around them and their circumstances.
Degassing 조건이 Ni-Cr 합금의 도재결합력에 미치는 영향
이은화,전영찬,정창모,임장섭,Lee, Eun-Hwa,Jeon, Young-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Lim, Jang-Seop 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.4
This study evaluated the effect of degassing on the ceramic bond strength of two Ni-Cr alloys under varying holding time at the upper limit temperature and atmospheric conditions. Metal specimens were divided into 5 groups for each alloy according to degassing conditions prior to porcelain application no degassing, degassing under vacuum without hold, degassing under vacuum with hold for 5 min. and 10 min. respectively at the upper limit temperature and degassing in air. Total number of metal ceramic specimens was eighty and each group had eight specimens. The ceramic bond strength was measured by four-point flexural test using Instron and the fractured surface was examined under SEM. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Degassing in air improved the ceramic bond strength of Ni-Cr alloys. 2. In degassing under vacuum, hold at the upper limit temperature was advantageous to the ceramic bonding of Ni-Cr alloys. 3. After ceramic metal bond test, metal surfaces were partially covered with the thin porcelain layer, and the cohesive failures in porcelain were predominant in groups showing higher ceramic bond strength.
이은화,고지윤,김종설,Lee, Eun-Hwa,Koh, Ji-Yun,Kim, Jong-Seol 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.3
To evaluate bacteriological water quality, samples were taken from drinking water dispensers placed at S company (S-C) and U highschool (U-H) in Ulsan. The medians of heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) were 53 CFU/ml for the 74 water samples of S-C and 80 CFU/ml for the 36 cold water samples of U-H, and 38% of the S-C and 42% of the U-H samples showed HPC bacterial concentrations higher than 100 CFU/ml. Coliform bacteria were detected from one sample of S-C. To determine the major source of bacterial contamination, water samples were taken daily for $6\sim8$ days from the bottled water containers as well as the faucets of an experimental water dispenser. While the average HPCs in the bottled water containers were 33 CFU/ml for the first and 132 CFU/ml for the 2nd analysis, the HPC concentration in the cold water samples was 1,022 CFU/ml for the 2nd analysis. These results suggest that the majority of bacteria detected in the cold water samples were originated from the biofilms on the surface of water passages within the water dispensers. There was no significant increase in HPC bacterial concentrations within the bottled water container after installation on the water dispenser. We could isolate and tentatively identify 3 genera 6 species of Gram-positive and 7 genera 7 species of Gram-negative bacteria from the plate count agar plates of U-H samples. Among the isolates, 72% were observed as Gram-positive, and Micrococcus spp. was the most abundant with 54% of the total, followed by Sphingomonas paucimobilis with 16%. It appears that most of the HPC bacteria detected in water dispensers originate from indoor airborne bacteria, which may play important roles in the formation of biofilms on the surface of water passages within the water dispensers. 울산 소재 S회사(S-C)와 U고등학교(U-H)에 설치된 냉온수기를 대상으로 S-C에서 냉수 74개, U-H에서 냉수와 온수 각 36개의 시료를 채수하여 미생물 분포를 조사하였다. 일반세균 농도의 중간값은, S-C 시료에서 53 CFU/ml ($0\sim4,135$ CFU/ml)이었으며, U-H의 경우 냉수에서 80 CFU/ml ($0\sim1,480$ CFU/ml), 온수에서 0 CFU/ml ($0\sim240$ CFU/ml)이었다. S-C 시료의 38%, U-H 냉수 시료의 42%에서 일반세균에 대한 먹는 물 수질기준인 100 CFU/ml을 초과하였으며, 대장균군은S-C의 1개 시료에서 검출되었다. 냉온수기에서 검출되는 미생물의 주요오염 경로를 확인하고자, 2회에 걸쳐 먹는 샘물 용기로부터 각각 6일과 8일 동안 매일 시료를 채수하였으며, 2회 채수는 냉온수기의 꼭지에서도 행하였다. 일반세균 농도의 평균값은, 먹는 샘물 용기에서 1회 33 CFU/ml, 2회 132 CFU/ml이었으며, 냉수 꼭지 시료에서 1,022 CFU/ml로, 냉온수기 꼭지에서 검출되는 대부분의 세균은 먹는 샘물이 수조통과 통로관을 거치면서 오염된 것으로 판단된다. 먹는 샘물 용기를 냉온수기에 연결한 후 시간의 경과에 따른 용기 내 일반세균수의 유의성 있는 증가는 없었다. 임의의 100개 일반세균 집 락을 대상으로 순수배양 후표현형에 따른 동정 시험을 하였으며, 그람양성 3속6종,그람음성 7속7종 등, 모두 10속13종의 세균을 잠정적으로 확인하였다. U-H의 4대 냉온수기 꼭지에서, 그람양성은 전체의 72%이었고, 그람양성의 Micrococcus spp.가 전체의 54%를 차지하여 가장 많았다. Micrococus spp.와 그람음성의 Sphingomonas paucimobilis는4대의 냉온수기 모두에서 분리되었다. 냉온수기의 일반세균은 주로 실내 공기중 미생물로부터 유래하며, 이들 미생물이 냉온수기의 수조통 흑은 통로관에서 생물막 형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.
중등 예비교사를 위한 국제이해교육 과목의 e-티칭 포트폴리오 개발 및 적용
이은화 ( Eun Hwa Lee ) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2011 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.5
본 연구의 목적은 국제이해교육 과목에 대해 효과적인 교사교육 방법론의 하나로 등장하고 있는 e-티칭 포트폴리오를 적용하여 예비교사를 대상으로 하는 국제이해교육 과목에 개발하여 적용하고, 그 결과를 분석함으로써 국제이해교육 교사교육에 대한 e-티칭 포트폴리오 적용 가능성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 예비교사를 대상으로 하는 국제이해교육 과목의 e-티칭 포트폴리오를 설계 및 개발하여 수업에서 적용한 후, 적용에 대한 수강생의 인식을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 예비교사들은 e-티칭 포트폴리오 개발 및 적용에 대해 자료 축적 및 관리, 자기성찰의 기회, 생소함에서 오는 저항과 부담, 티칭 역량 향상 및 증빙을 통한 미래 준비, 소통을 통한 전문성 신장 기회 등으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 예비교사들의 교육전문성 향상을 위한 교육의 방법으로서 e-티칭 포트폴리오가 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 시사하는 결과이다. The purpose of this study is to develop and apply e-teaching portfolio in EIU for pre-service teachers, and to explore the possibility of applying e-teaching portfolio in pre-service teacher education. E-teaching portfolio has developed an online platform after designing the component of teaching portfolio. And then pre-service teachers` perceptions were investigated. The findings, pre-service teachers thought that e-teaching portfolio was useful for the accumulation and management of instructional materials, and gave opportunities to improve self-reflection, teaching skills and evidence over the professional development through communication.
대학생 직업기초능력 향상을 위한 교수학습모형 개발 연구
이은화(Eun-Hwa LEE) 한국수산해양교육학회 2012 수산해양교육연구 Vol.24 No.6
The purpose of this study was to develop the teaching & learning model to increase the key competencies in the university. For this, the researcher suggested the draft of teaching & learning model in the university based on literature analysis and survey for key competencies education to professors and students. After that, the draft of the model was revised through the formative test by experts. And then, the revised model was verified through delphi survey and a final model was fixed. As the result of this study, features of the final model are as follows. First, this study identified that a core values of teaching and learning model for the key competencies education in the university is reinforcement of learner’s thinking skills and enhancement of field oriented on learning contents and reinforcement of professor’s role as a mentor, a facilitator, a motivator, and an informant. Second, The core learning activity’s process of the teaching and learning model for the key competencies education in the university consists of the following in order: team-building, exploring problem, gathering and analysing informations, arranging of leaning outcomes, comprehensive arrangement and self-examination.
대학 교수자의 수업전문성 향상을 목적으로 하는 e-티칭 포트폴리오의 구성요소 탐색
이은화(Eun-Hwa LEE) 한국수산해양교육학회 2008 수산해양교육연구 Vol.20 No.2
This study has explored the elements of e-teaching portfolio for enhancing teaching expertise in higher education. This study is carried out through the literature review and expert's focus group interview. As the result of this study, seven elements of e-teaching portfolio for enhancing teaching expertise in higher education have been found. First, 'personal background' include curriculum vitae, course responsibility, and other educational activities. Second, 'teaching philosophy' include the principals on teaching and learning, statements of teaching philosophy. Third, 'learning environment' include the characteristics of students, the previous learning contents, and physical environment. Forth, 'course contents and methods' include teaching strategies and instructional materials, Fifth, 'instructional evaluation' includes the principals of evaluation and the examples of learning outcomes. Sixth, 'endeavor for improvement of instruction' include evidence of activity for teaching improvement and instruction feedback from peer and students. And e-teaching portfolio also includes research career and awards history element.
논문(論文) : 중국어 정도보어의 한국어 대응형식과 한국인 학습자의 정도보어 습득의 상관관계 연구
이은화 ( Eun Hwa Lee ) 중국어문연구회 2011 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.51
本文硏究的主要目的在於漢語程度補語與韓國語的對應形式是否會影響到韓國學生學習漢語程度補語的習得,而追究其習得規律。通過硏究以韓國語爲母語的學生的漢語程度補語的習得規律,把硏究結果靈活應用在對他們的漢語敎學上,這樣對他們學習漢語程度補語會有所幇助。首先硏究了漢語程度補語和韓國語的對應形式,帶著這種硏究結果,對韓國漢語學習者習得漢語程度補語的情況進行了調査硏究。通過調査,證明四種漢語程度補語的韓國語對應形式對韓國學生學習漢語程度補語有影響,而且,調査也證明了四種漢語程度補語的韓國語對應形式之間也存在著明顯的差異。因此,對於漢語敎學語法點的排序,不應只考慮漢語語法學語法點的排列,還應考慮語法點本身的難易度、漢語和學習者母語之間差異上的難易度。這樣,語法敎學才能有效地進行,而且學習者也便於掌握漢語語法。我們應該重新排序漢語程度補語敎學順序,而且敎材的編寫要按照這樣的排序順序編排,령外,敎學者還要按照學生習得漢語補語的實際規律進行敎學。
이은화(Eun-hwa LEE) 한국수산해양교육학회 2006 수산해양교육연구 Vol.18 No.3
The purpose of this study is to establish a conceptual model of the course evaluations. in University. This paper has examined the course evaluations according to the levels, purposes, objects, and methods of them. And this paper has been classified for a conceptual model of the course evaluation. As the result of this analysis, four dimensions of course evaluation have been found. First, formative and summative evaluation have been found. The purposes of formative evaluation were improving quality of courses and collecting information for improvement of curriculum. The purposes of summative evaluation were offering informations on faculty staffing and improving of learning outcomes. Second, the levels of course evaluation were classified into university-level, professor-level, and student-level. Third, the objects of course evaluation were classified into analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Forth, the methods of course evaluation were classified into questionnaire, observation, interview, and content analysis. As a result of this analysis, 120 types of course evaluations have been found.
이은화(Lee, Eun Hwa) 한국비영리학회 2010 한국비영리연구 Vol.9 No.2
본 연구는 민간사회복지 자원의 활용을 위해 일반시민의 유산기부에 대한 의식조사를 통해 유산기부의 활성화방안을 모색하기 위한 목적으로 연구되었다. 연구목적을 위해 서울시에 거주하는 40세 남녀 722명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지로 면접조사를 실시한 결과 유산기부의향이 있다가 52.5%, 유산기부 의향이 없다가 47.5% 로 유산기부 의향이 있음이 높게 나타났으며 유산기부 의향이 있는 대상자자 중 유산기부 정도는 50%가 가장 높게(28.2%), 유산기부 선호기관으로 복지분야가 48.1%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 기부의향의 동기요인으로는 ‘불쌍한 사람을 도우면 보람이 있어서’가 가장 높았고, 유산기부의 잠재적인 요인으로는 ‘주위에서 기부한 것의 경험’, ‘본인의 자원봉사 활동경험’, ‘본인의 기부경험’의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 유산기부의 의향이 없는 이유로는 경제적사정(49.1%), 자식상속(37.1%), 유산기부관련혜택부족(4.3%) 순으로 높게 타나났고 유산기부에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 특성요인으로는 대학재학 이상의 고학력, 경제수준이 ‘상’인 사람이, 종교가 있는 사람이 기부의향 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 설문조사결과를 바탕으로 유산기부의 활성화 방안은 나눔교육의 확대, 사회 내 모범적기부의 확대, 유산기부 관련 홍보의 확대, 비영리조직의 투명성 및 신뢰도 제고, 정부의 제도적 지원강화, 유산기부 관련 전문위원회 구성 및 다양한 상품개발 등이 도출되었다. 유산기부의 활성화 방안을 통해서 사회전반에 나눔과 베품에 대한 바람직한 문화를 제공하여 궁극적으로는 유산기부의 확대로 이어질 것으로 기대한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions about charitable bequest among general public and to explore strategies to encourage charitable bequests so that more untapped non-governmental resources could be utilized. Questionnaires were administered to seven hundred twenty two people older than 40, using a structured interview guide. It was found that about half of the study participants (52.5%) expressed their wish to donate their properties upon their death, and twenty eight percent of them said they would donate half of their estate. Their preferred choice of charitable organizations were mainly social service organizations (48.1%). The actual practice of charitable bequest was associated with “to know someone who had practiced charitable bequest in the past”, “to have volunteered”, and “to have donated”. Those who indicated no interest in charitable bequest reported that they did not have enough estate to donate, they wanted to have their estate inherited to their children, and there were insufficient incentives related to charitable bequest. It also turned out that those who were college graduates, had a religion, and were high income earners tended to have more interests in charitable bequest. Based on the results, several strategies have been identified so that the culture of charitable bequest and volunteerism could be encouraged and expanded.
이은화(Eun-hwa Lee),유재욱(Jaewook Yoo),이재혁(Jay Hyuk Rhee),신형덕(Hyung-Deok Shin),한주희(Joohee Han) 한국경영학회 2022 經營學硏究 Vol.51 No.5
With industrialization and the development of technology, capitalism is evolving. The stakeholder capitalism mentioned in the BRT means that more diverse stakeholders should be considered in the process of goal setting and management of firms. In this study, we searched and analyzed a total of 133 studies related to corporate governance and stakeholders registered in the KCI from 1990 to 2021 to explain research trends, keywords, major theories, variables, and industries analyzed. The findings show that past studies in the KCI have mainly focused on the issues of shareholder. However, since the mid to late 2000s, the scope of research has been expanded to other stakeholders including employees, consumers, and the government. In addition, it was confirmed that research on sustainability has steadily increased from the perspective of comprehensive governance structure since 2010. However, the results reveal that there was very few research that considers the characteristics of industry or stakeholder. Thus, it was judged that there is a limitation to providing sufficient implications to practitioners. We conclude with some future research directions to overcome this limitation.