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이은화(Lee, Eun-Hwa),김윤희(Kim, Yun-Hee) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.140
This study focuses on a feminine verse written by Mrs. Lee Ho of the Jinseong Lee clan that has not yet been studied in the academic world, despite the fact that its specific details were previously revealed through a collection of verses titled ‘Bugae-gasa’. In particular, by synthetically examining ‘Notanga’(semantically the verse of lamentation for aging), which is included in the collection, and its answer verse, ‘Notandabgok’(semantically, an answer song to a lamentation for aging) by Mrs. Choi of the Jeonju Choi clan, this study identified characteristics of the two writings as well as, different aspects and cultural meanings of feminine verses shared within a clan. ‘Notanga’, where the rhetoric of self-lamentation for aging is found, has a prominent feature, that she focused on her sick body and portrayed the symptoms and changes in various manners. Mrs. Choi, who read ‘Notanga’, noted that ‘the style is fascinating’. In particular, the lamentation of women in ‘Notanga’ is portrayed very differently compared to other writings dealing with the aging of women in the masculine viewpoint of the late Joseon period. This study found that in ‘Notanga’, an elderly woman focused on her own body and tried to portray the aspects of suffering and change in a realistic manner. It shows the subjective anguish and expressive power in a woman’s viewpoint, not from an external or other person’s viewpoint. It seems that Mrs. Choi, who wrote ‘Notandapgok’, also expressed her desire to tell of a repressed life by a feminine verse after she read ‘Notanga’. At that time, she was enduring hard life circumstances as the eldest daughter-in-law of, a head family. When Mrs. Choi read ‘Notanga’ and found psychological support, her foundation for expression grew, and she learned to express the difficulty of ‘a woman’s married life’ through the words in a feminine verse. She revealed her desires and true voice by composing ‘Notandapgok’ with a more active mind. Paradoxically, the real aspect of suffering and lamentation portrayed by Mrs. Choi acted as a mechanism of consolation to Mrs. Lee Ho, who lamented aging. In this way, it is necessary to pay attention to the examples of dialogue and communication on a family basis among the ways in which feminine verses were distributed in the Yeongnam area in the late Joseon period. A feminine verse is a communication method based on not only the self-esteem of amember of the prestigious family, but also provides a sense of solidarity withthose around them and their circumstances.
이은화,고지윤,김종설,Lee, Eun-Hwa,Koh, Ji-Yun,Kim, Jong-Seol 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.3
To evaluate bacteriological water quality, samples were taken from drinking water dispensers placed at S company (S-C) and U highschool (U-H) in Ulsan. The medians of heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs) were 53 CFU/ml for the 74 water samples of S-C and 80 CFU/ml for the 36 cold water samples of U-H, and 38% of the S-C and 42% of the U-H samples showed HPC bacterial concentrations higher than 100 CFU/ml. Coliform bacteria were detected from one sample of S-C. To determine the major source of bacterial contamination, water samples were taken daily for $6\sim8$ days from the bottled water containers as well as the faucets of an experimental water dispenser. While the average HPCs in the bottled water containers were 33 CFU/ml for the first and 132 CFU/ml for the 2nd analysis, the HPC concentration in the cold water samples was 1,022 CFU/ml for the 2nd analysis. These results suggest that the majority of bacteria detected in the cold water samples were originated from the biofilms on the surface of water passages within the water dispensers. There was no significant increase in HPC bacterial concentrations within the bottled water container after installation on the water dispenser. We could isolate and tentatively identify 3 genera 6 species of Gram-positive and 7 genera 7 species of Gram-negative bacteria from the plate count agar plates of U-H samples. Among the isolates, 72% were observed as Gram-positive, and Micrococcus spp. was the most abundant with 54% of the total, followed by Sphingomonas paucimobilis with 16%. It appears that most of the HPC bacteria detected in water dispensers originate from indoor airborne bacteria, which may play important roles in the formation of biofilms on the surface of water passages within the water dispensers. 울산 소재 S회사(S-C)와 U고등학교(U-H)에 설치된 냉온수기를 대상으로 S-C에서 냉수 74개, U-H에서 냉수와 온수 각 36개의 시료를 채수하여 미생물 분포를 조사하였다. 일반세균 농도의 중간값은, S-C 시료에서 53 CFU/ml ($0\sim4,135$ CFU/ml)이었으며, U-H의 경우 냉수에서 80 CFU/ml ($0\sim1,480$ CFU/ml), 온수에서 0 CFU/ml ($0\sim240$ CFU/ml)이었다. S-C 시료의 38%, U-H 냉수 시료의 42%에서 일반세균에 대한 먹는 물 수질기준인 100 CFU/ml을 초과하였으며, 대장균군은S-C의 1개 시료에서 검출되었다. 냉온수기에서 검출되는 미생물의 주요오염 경로를 확인하고자, 2회에 걸쳐 먹는 샘물 용기로부터 각각 6일과 8일 동안 매일 시료를 채수하였으며, 2회 채수는 냉온수기의 꼭지에서도 행하였다. 일반세균 농도의 평균값은, 먹는 샘물 용기에서 1회 33 CFU/ml, 2회 132 CFU/ml이었으며, 냉수 꼭지 시료에서 1,022 CFU/ml로, 냉온수기 꼭지에서 검출되는 대부분의 세균은 먹는 샘물이 수조통과 통로관을 거치면서 오염된 것으로 판단된다. 먹는 샘물 용기를 냉온수기에 연결한 후 시간의 경과에 따른 용기 내 일반세균수의 유의성 있는 증가는 없었다. 임의의 100개 일반세균 집 락을 대상으로 순수배양 후표현형에 따른 동정 시험을 하였으며, 그람양성 3속6종,그람음성 7속7종 등, 모두 10속13종의 세균을 잠정적으로 확인하였다. U-H의 4대 냉온수기 꼭지에서, 그람양성은 전체의 72%이었고, 그람양성의 Micrococcus spp.가 전체의 54%를 차지하여 가장 많았다. Micrococus spp.와 그람음성의 Sphingomonas paucimobilis는4대의 냉온수기 모두에서 분리되었다. 냉온수기의 일반세균은 주로 실내 공기중 미생물로부터 유래하며, 이들 미생물이 냉온수기의 수조통 흑은 통로관에서 생물막 형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.
Degassing 조건이 Ni-Cr 합금의 도재결합력에 미치는 영향
이은화,전영찬,정창모,임장섭,Lee, Eun-Hwa,Jeon, Young-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Lim, Jang-Seop 대한치과보철학회 2000 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.38 No.4
This study evaluated the effect of degassing on the ceramic bond strength of two Ni-Cr alloys under varying holding time at the upper limit temperature and atmospheric conditions. Metal specimens were divided into 5 groups for each alloy according to degassing conditions prior to porcelain application no degassing, degassing under vacuum without hold, degassing under vacuum with hold for 5 min. and 10 min. respectively at the upper limit temperature and degassing in air. Total number of metal ceramic specimens was eighty and each group had eight specimens. The ceramic bond strength was measured by four-point flexural test using Instron and the fractured surface was examined under SEM. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Degassing in air improved the ceramic bond strength of Ni-Cr alloys. 2. In degassing under vacuum, hold at the upper limit temperature was advantageous to the ceramic bonding of Ni-Cr alloys. 3. After ceramic metal bond test, metal surfaces were partially covered with the thin porcelain layer, and the cohesive failures in porcelain were predominant in groups showing higher ceramic bond strength.
네일 서비스 추구혜택이 색채 선호도와 고객 서비스 만족도에 미치는 영향
이은화 ( Eun-hwa Lee ),심재숙 ( Jae-sook Shim ),김문중 ( Moon-jung Kim ) 한국미용예술경영학회 2021 미용예술경영연구 Vol.15 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 네일 서비스 추구혜택에 관한 기대와 니즈(Needs)를 파악하고, 네일에 대한 색채 관심도의 요인들로부터 고객들의 다양한 요구 또는 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 고객 서비스 만족도 조사와 트렌드를 분석 하여 서비스 개선방향을 찾아 고객지향적인 네일 서비스 산업의 발전에 효과적 마케팅 전략을 수립하는데 있어 기초자료를 제공하고 자 한다. 경제 성장과 문화수준이 향상되면서 삶의 변화가 다양해지고 미적 추구에 대한 감성과 욕구가 증가됨에 따라 네일 서비스도 아름다움을 표현하는 중요한 수단으로 여겨지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적인 네일 서비스 이용고객의 보건적, 심미적 욕구가 색채 선호도에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 2018년 10월12일부터 11월 02일까지 서울, 경기, 인천, 충청지역에 거주하며 네일 서비스 경험이 있는 20∼60대 고객을 대상으로 총 500부의 설문지를 발송하여 그중 불성실한 응답자의 설문지를 제외한 유효 설문지 411부를 분석 사용하였다. 수집된 자료 분석과 통계처리는 IBM SPSS & AMOS 22.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 과정을 수행하였다. 이러한 결과로, 고객들의 기대가치와 니즈(Needs)를 파악함으로서 고객들이 추구하는 다양한 서비스 혜택들로 개개인의 개성을 살리고 고객의 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있는 맞춤 서비스를 제공하기 위한 노력이 더욱 필요하다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data in establishing effective marketing strategies for the development of the customer-oriented nail service industry by identifying expectations and needs for nail service, analyzing customer service satisfaction surveys and trends to meet various needs or needs of customers. As economic growth and cultural levels improve, life changes diversify and sensitivity and desire for aesthetic pursuit increase, nail services are also considered an important means of expressing beauty. To study the effect of the health and aesthetic needs of nail service customers on color preferences, a total of 500 questionnaires were sent to customers in their 20s and 60s living in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, and Chungcheong areas from October 12 to November 02, 2018, excluding those who are insincere. The collected data analysis and statistical processing were performed using the IBM SPSS & AMOS 22.0 statistical program. As a result of this, it was confirmed that by grasping customers’ expectations and needs, more efforts are needed to provide customized services that can enhance individual individuality and satisfy customers’ needs with various service benefits pursued by customers.
성과기반 교육과정 운영의 평가도구로서 티칭 포트폴리오 적용방안 탐색
이은화(Lee Eun hwa) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.4
본 연구의 목적은 성과기반 교육과정 운영의 평가도구로 티칭 포트폴리오를 적용하기 위한 교과목 티칭 포트폴리오의 세부 구성요소를 제시하는 데에 있다. 이를 위하여 선행연구를 분석하고, 2014년 6월부터 2015년 2월까지 3차의 전문가 델파이 조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 성과기반 교육과정 운영 평가를 위한 평가영역은 환경 분석, 교육목표, 교육내용 및 교육방법, 교육성과, 교육개선노력 등 5개 영역으로 구분되었다. 각 영역의 세부 구성요소에 있어서, 환경 분석 영역의 구성요소는 학습자 진단 도구, 학습자 진단 결과 분석, 교과목의 교육과정상 위치 등 3가지였다. 교육목표 영역의 구성요소는 학습성과간 체계성, 교과목 학습성과 수행준거, 교과목 학습성과별 반영 비율, 교과목 학습성과 달성목표 등 4가지였다. 교육내용 및 교육방법 영역의 구성요소는 교과목 내용체계도, 수업계획서, 교수자용 수업자료 등 3가지였다. 교육성과 영역의 구성요소는 학습성과 달성도 평가 계획, 학습성과별 평가도구, 평가도구별 평가기준, 학습성과 달성도 분석 등 4가지였다. 교육개선 영역의 구성요소는 과거 교육개선 계획의 반영, 미성취학생 지도 계획, 교육개선노력 실적, 미래 교육개선 계획 등 4가지였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 토대로 성과기반 교육과정운영 평가를 위한 교과목 티칭 포트폴리오 적용방안을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to suggest the use of the teaching portfolio as a tool to evaluate Outcome-Based Education curriculum management and to present the detailed components. To do this, we analyzed the precedent research and conducted Delphi survey on the experts by three times. The results of this study are as follows. The area of environmental analysis includes the tool to diagnose learners, analysis of diagnostic result, and the position of the subject in the Outcome-Based Education curriculum. The educational objectives area is composed of the systematicity of learning outcomes, performance criteria for curriculum learning achievement, reflection ratio of the subjects in curriculum learning process, and achievement goal of curriculum learning achievement. The contents of education contents and education method area contains the systematic map of curriculum contents, syllabus, and teaching materials for instructor. Educational performance areas includes the evaluation plan for learning achievement, assessment tools for learning achievement, evaluation criteria using assessment tools, and achievement analysis of educational performance. The area of education improvement is composed of the reflection of the improvement plan, the plan for the underachieving students, the materials of the education improvement effort, and the improvement plan for the subject.