매실나무를 기주로 한 인공재배 겨우살이의 엽록소와 폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성

이보덕,Timnoy Salitxay,Phonesavanh Phouyhaxay,성인제,박철호 한국국제농업개발학회 2016 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

The study examined qualities including chlorophyll, total phenol, total flavonoid content and antioxidative activity in 7-year-old mistletoe that was artificially cultivated with Japanese apricots as the host. The chlorophyll a content of the artificially cultivated Japanese apricot mistletoe leaves was 7.67 mg/g (old leaves) and 3.17 mg/g (new leaves), while the chlorophyll b content was 0.80 ~ 3.53 mg/g and 1.31 ~ 3.56 mg/g. The carotenoid content of the Japanese apricot mistletoe leaves were in the range of 0.29 ~ 2.48 mg/g, and the old leaves (1.85 mg/g) had a carotenoid content 2.1 times higher than the new leaves (0.89 mg/g). The total polyphenol content of the leaves and nodes of the 7-year-old mistletoe was 60.22 mg/100 g TAE for the leaves and 35.50 mg/100 g TAE for the nodes. Among the host trees, polyphenol content was highest (81.44 mg/100 g TAE) in the old mistletoe leaves of the Quercus mongolica, while the total flavonoid content of the Japanese apricot mistletoe was higher in the new leaves (47.89 mg/100 g RUE) than the old leaves (42.19 mg/100 g RUE). The DPPH radical scavenging ability of the Japanese apricot mistletoe scored a low 22.4 ~ 28.5% in the leaves, but was relatively high in the nodes at 52.4 ~ 80.1%. In terms of 1mg/mL concentration, the new leaves (69.1%) and old leaves (82.3%) of the Quercus monglica mistletoe displayed the highest inhibition rate. Chestnut mistletoe displayed an inhibition rate of 21.9 ~ 31.9% for the leaves, and 35.0 ~ 63.8% for the nodes. These results indicate that Japanese apricot mistletoe would be substitute oak tree mistletoe as a source of bio-active property for functional food and medicine.

The Impact of Environmental and Host Specificity in Seed Germination and Survival of Korean Mistletoe [Viscum album var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi]

이보덕,이영우,김성민,정효정,심이성 한국자원식물학회 2015 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.28 No.6

Humankind has been searching for medicinal materials from various plant sources in an attempt to treat disease. Mistletoe is one indubitable plant source for these materials due to its effectiveness in treating various diseases, but it has almost disappeared from the mountainous areas of Korea due to excessive harvesting. In this study, in order to select host tree species for Korean mistletoe [Viscum album var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi] by seed inoculation and to clarify the effect of host specificity among various tree species were conducted for the purpose of gaining basic information for the artificial cultivation of Korean mistletoe. Almost all the seeds of Korean mistletoe germinated in vitro at the temperature of 15℃. Among host trees used in this study, Prunus mume showed the highest parasitic affinity with inoculated Korean mistletoe, compared with any other host plants. However, treatment of hormones could not increase the low survival rate of Korean mistletoe on the host trees.

겨우살이의 서식지생태환경과 기주식물

이보덕 한국자원식물학회 2009 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Regional distribution of mistletoe (Viscum album var.coloratum) and its habitual environments were investigated in order to obtain the basal data on the artificial propagation to cope with its increasing consume for medicine. Mistletoes inhabited throughout the overall region of the South Korea investigated. They were parasitic mainly to the Quercus spp. including Q. serrata and rarely to the Castanea crenata var. dulcis, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Alnus japonica, and Pyrus pyrifolia, etc. Mistletoes were not observed on the conifers such as Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis and some deciduous broad-leaved trees species such as Zelkova serrata, Diospyros kaki, Acer mono, Acer palmatum, and Morus alba. Their habitats were located from zero to 1,200 m above sea level nevertheless the direction or slope of the mountains, suggesting that artificial propagation can be carried out nation widely to the well-grown parasite tree species. Parasitic specificity related to the physical and chemical characteristic of the epidermal tissues will be studied further. 수요증가가 예상되는 겨우살이의 인공번식을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 겨우살이의 분포지역의 기주수종과 서 식지 환경을 조사하여 분석하였다. 겨우살이의 자생지는 전국에 분포하고 있었으며, 기주식물로는 졸참나무와 같은 참나무류가 대부분이였고 밤나무, 벚나무, 오리나무, 돌배 나무 등에서 볼 수 있었다. 군락지의 같이 자생하는 침엽수 인 소나무, 잣나무와 활엽수인 느티나무, 감나무, 고로쇠나 무, 단풍나무, 뽕나무, 은행나무에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 자생지의 고도는 해발 0~1200 m까지 잘 생육되고 방향과 지형을 가리지 않고 기주식물이 잘 생육 할 수 있는 곳이면 전국에서 재배가 가능할 것으로 판단되었으며, 종자 전파 는 조류에 의함이 확인할 수 있었다. 겨우살이의 기생은 흡 기 발생부터 기주식물의 표피 또는 조직성분에 따라 영향 이 있을 것으로 생각되며 인공재배 연구의 좋은 성과를 위 해 겨우살이가 잘 기생하는 기주식물의 기주 특이성에 대 한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

한국산 겨우살이 수간의 조직특성

이보덕,박병수,Lee, Bo-Duk,Park, Beyung-Su 한국자원식물학회 2009 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.22 No.4

최근 천연의 의약품과 식품에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 약리성분이 우수하여 수요가 증가하고 있는 겨우살이 [Viscum album var. coloratum(Kom.) Ohwi] 와 겨우살이의 기주식물인 상수리나무(Quercus acutissima Carr.)가지의 조직특성을 조사하고 인공재배 기초 자료로 활용하기 위하여 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 겨우살이 종자가 기주목에 부착되면 종자로부터 성장한 흡기가 수피를 뚫고 들어가 형성층 부위에서 왕성한 세포분열을 통하여 여러 갈래로 분지를 형성하며, endophyte가 수피 속에서 성장하다가 일정한 시기가 되면 수피 외부조직으로 발달하여 줄기와 잎으로 성장하였다. 겨우살이 기주목인 상수리나무의 가지는 심재화가 진행되지 않았지만 타일로시스가 부분적으로 발달한 것은 겨우살이 endophyte의 침투영향으로 생각된다. 겨우살이 줄기의 구성세포는 도관상 가도관, 후벽세포, 방사유세포, 축방향유세포로 구성되어 있으며 활엽수로 분류되지만 도관이 분포하지 않았고 도관의 역할을하는 도관상 가도관이 있는 것으로부터 기주목 도관의 벽공과 겨우살이 가도관의 천공부가 결합하는 것으로 생각된다. 겨우살이 줄기의 구성세포 분포비율은 수령이 증가함에 따라 후벽세포의 분포비율이 높았다. 겨우살이 조직은 일반 목본식물에 비하여 유세포의 분포비율이 높고 세포내에 많은 내용물을 포함하고 있었다. Recently, the consumption of mistletoe[Viscum album var. coloratum(Kom.) Ohwi] is increasing because of its good medical effectiveness with the increased concern on the natural medicines and foods. The result obtained from the investigation on the stem tissues of the mistletoe and the oriental chestnut oak, a host plant species, are as follows. Haustorium from the seeds of the mistletoe after their sticking to the branches of the host plant penetrates into the bark where it forms the endophyte system through the active cell division. The endophyte grown in the cambium of the host plant makes the stems and leaves as the outer tissues in a certain time. Even through lignification of the host wood in the branches the oriental chestnut oak was not progressive, its tylosis coas developed partially assembly due to the formation of the endophyte. The stems of the mistletoe consisted of vascular tracheid, selereid, and ray and axial parenchyma, classified as a hardwood without vessels. The vascular tracheids seemed to take a role instead of the vessels in the mistletoe plant from the result that the pits of the vessels in the host branches are linked to the vessel-form tracheid in the mistletoe stems. The constituent ratio of the sclereid cells in the mistletoe stems increased with aging. Furthermore their ratio of the parenchyma cells was higher, which contained the more cell content, compared with the cells of the general woody plant species.

大韓佛敎天台宗 三大指標의 實踐에 대한 硏究

김동림(보덕) 대각사상연구원 2015 大覺思想 Vol.24 No.-

대한불교천태종 중창조 상월대조사는 관념이나 이론에만 치우친 불교는 우리의 生命과 眞理體驗에 아무런 도움이 될 수 없음을 천명함에 따라 오직 몸과 마음에 의지한 실천하는 불교에 역점을 두고 종단 중창 이념으로 三大指標를 설정하였다. 삼대지표는 ‘인간 즉 불타, 생활 즉 불법’ 실현에 뜻을 둔 애국불교․생활불교․대중불교 具現을 지향하는 천태종의 새 불교운동이다. 첫 번째 덕목인 애국불교는 과거 정치 세력과 밀접하게 유착되었던 세습적인 호국불교 개념이 아니라, 個人과 國家와 社會가 안정된 가운데 민족 고유의 전통과 정신문화를 계승하는데 역점을 두었다. 다음 생활불교에 있어서는 누구나 쉽게 따라 할 수 있는 觀音呪誦 수행과 晝耕夜禪이라고 하는 대한불교천태종의 전통 수행법에 따라 생활 속에 실천 가능한 불교 풍토를 조성한 것이다. 특히 실천적인 부분에서 강조되고 있는 계율 수지에 대해 비구 250계와 비구니 348계를 함축한 十善戒 受持만을 선포함으로써 현실적으로 실천 가능한 持戒風土를 정착한 점은 대한불교천태종 수행문화의 새로운 면모라 할 수 있다. 마지막으로 대중불교는 도심 속의 사찰운영, 4박 5일의 관음수행, 승속불이의 안거제도 등을 통해 모든 생명체들을 성불의 길로 인도하는 會三歸一의 사상을 구현하는 것이다. 중창 70년을 맞는 대한불교천태종은 전국에 260여 곳의 말사를 건립하고, 신도 250만에 이르는 성과를 내면서 한국 불교계에서 삼대 종단의 班列에 올랐다. 이렇듯 종단의 敎勢와 성역화 사업이 번창할 수 있었던 것은 상월대조사의 興法護國․救世諸衆의 원력과 새 불교운동으로 전개된 삼대지표의 설정이 일반 대중들에게 쉽게 다가가 불교에 접근하기 용이하도록 했다는 점을 손꼽을 수 있다. 이에 필자는 대한불교천태종 성장의 동력이 된 삼대지표의 실천 내용과 의의를 살펴봄으로써 천태종단의 현재와 미래에 溫故而知新의 방향을 살펴보고자 한다. 동시에 본고에서 제시하는 삼대지표의 세부내용들을 현 불교계가 사찰 경영과 포교 방안에 적용해 간다면 이 시대를 살아가는 뭇 사람들이 정신적 안정을 취하고 마음의 평온을 회복하는 귀의처로 거듭 성장하는 계기가 될 수 있을 것임을 의심하지 않는다. This research has the purpose of viewing the development path of Cheontae as three indicators, which were deployed by New Buddhist Movement and religious building ideology of Sangwol Daejosa Temple. Sangwol Daejosa Temple tells us that Buddhism only oriented with the principles is not a help to our lives and sincere experience at all. Thus, through the practice of life of Buddhism, Buddhism in daily lives, one should run parallel with works and practice toward fundamental ideology and through the emphasize of devotion to parents, one should not abandon the basic responsibility of human beings and thereby achieving the true religion. Based on this kind of background, the three indicators deployed by the new Buddhist Movement has the purpose of realizing the Buddhism of Patriotism, Livelihood, and Public. Buddhism of Patriotism does not mean the concept of Patriotism to conspire with the political power, but to success Korea's unique mentality and peace and harmony of individual, the society, and the country. Buddhism of Livelihood is settled with performing characteristics of 관음주송 and 주경야선. Buddhism of public leads Buddhist temple by harmonizing the Buddhists of authority centrally with the Chief monk and administration of religious affairs in Chong Bong mountain. The fact that Cheontae has 260 branch temples and consists of 2.5 million believers, rising to the rank of three religions in Korea, proves that we cannot help but concentrate on the New Buddhist Movement of Sangwol Daejo Temple. This would undoubtfully become the based of the direction of propagation of Buddhism which is now realistically repressed. Especially, the three indicators of Cheontae show significant difference in the management principle of the traditional temple and this has a meaning of constructing the basis for Buddhist of authority and monks to devote to Kwan-im as practical Buddhism for the society and the country.

박정희 시기 재현 영화가 드러내는 향수의 욕망

김보덕(Kim BoDuck) 한국문화연구학회 2012 문화연구 Vol.1 No.1

이 글은 몇 백 년에 걸쳐 그 모습을 달리해 온 탓에 다양한 의미를 추출할 수 있는 향수가 IMF 이후 제작ㆍ상영된 1960~70년대 과거재현 영화 속에서 어떻게 드러나고 있는지 살핀다. 이는 세계자본주의의 투명 감시 아래 더 이상 기능할 수 없는 체제를 버리고 한국 사회를 재구조화해야 하는 상황에서 한국 근대화의 시원으로 흔히 간주되는 1960~70년대를 영화적으로 재구성하여 향수한다는 점에서, 무엇보다 현실을 알려주는 지표의 역할을 충실히 하는 것으로 여겨진다. 각 영화들 속에서 성찰할 수 없고, 성찰하는 행위가 나쁜 것이라 여기는 인물들은 “먹고 사는” 것 즉 생존의 문제 그 자체에 관심을 집중한다. 그런데 이러한 주인공들은 스노비즘이 유일한 대안이 되는 당대의 맥락을 흡수한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 이제 이기적인 선택을 가능하게 하는 성찰을 할 수 없는 그들은 순수한 주체 더 나아가 죄 없는 피해자가 되기 위해, 개인의 삶을 파멸하는 나쁜 국가를 알리바이 삼는다. 자기 순결성과 희생자적 위치를 다시 얻은 남성 주체는 새로운 역사에 스스로 기입될 수 있는 자격을 성취한다. 그리고 나서 그들은 자신의 책임을 하지 못했던 아버지를 좋은 아버지로 변모시킴으로써, 아버지가 요구하는 훈련을 감내하여 보다 나은 삶의 목표에 다다르고자 한다. 이 글에서 논의한 대부분의 영화가 재구성하는 과거를 향한 향수적 시선은 ‘발전’에 대한 깊은 신뢰를 보여줌으로써 가능했으며, 이는 또한 박정희 체제의 근대화 프로젝트가 활발하게 가동시켰던 ‘발전주의’를 지속하고자 하는 바람을 드러낸다. IMF 금융 관리를 받게 되면서 가졌던 당시의 공포와 불안감은 주변에서 반(半)주변으로의 이례적인 상향이동을 연출했던 과거의 경험을 증거 삼아 발전주의에 대한 믿음을 강렬하게 작동시키고, 민주화가 어느 정도 성취되었다는 가정은 이를 보다 추동시킨 것이다. The study is an attempt to analyse the relationship between nostalgia films and the moment of production of them. This attempt is made by focusing on the films that has been produced since 1998(when Korea accepts IMF Loan) to recall 1960~70’s. First of all, it is considered that the nostalgia for 1960~70’s is an indicator of Koreans recognition of reality and their desire, because many Koreans missed 1960~70’s as a scenario for emergency escape at a moment when Korea had to accept IMF patterns. There is a high possibility that the image of 1960~70’s can be reconstructed by effects of anxiety with globalization and a desire for economic revival at that time. The characters of these films who don't have any ability of introspection or believe that introspection is a bad behavior are interested in issues of the survival. This tendency shows the fact that Korea society has been changed completely to nature alike jungle of winner-all-take system, free-for-all, survival of the fittest, so-called the IMF period. And they become the innocent subjects who cannot hurt anybody for their interests at last. Therefore, a conflict that drives them to the corner has to be brought from the outside, especially the nation. As the result, the nation becomes the evil. In these films, generally sons seldom blame to their fathers and would find even disqualified fathers. Besides they want to take a role that makes change irresponsible fathers to responsible fathers. If it is hard to find betters fathers, sons want to be good fathers theirselves. So then, what do sons who become innocent victims with qualified fathers want to make? Each has each role. Fathers set a goal and train their sons. Sons train themselves with their bodies to attain their goal that fathers set. Here relations between father and son in transformed relations between master and pupil. In this vein, this isn't different with the modernization project of ex-president Park, GeoungHeui. Jedging from this, meaning of nostalgia for the specific past can be completely understood. This show that masculine national discourse which is based on victimhood has been followed the same. This narrative of reconstructed past shows a desire to maintain the Developmentalist that was operated actively by the modernization of the Park, GeoungHeui regime. That is why the reason that the most of these films is an agent of grand-narrative history to construct Nes Korea.

매실나무를 기주로 한 인공재배 겨우살이와 기주목 잎의 영양비교

허정원,이보덕,성인제,손지민,조동하,박철호 한국약용작물학회 2018 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2018 No.05

Background : Mistletoe grown in eurasian continent range from England to northern Asia. It has abundant chlorophyll and phenolic compound in node and leaf which has anticancer activity. The purpose of the study is to improve nutritional quality and composition of the amino acids and mineral along with increasing seed set rates and productivity of Viscum album on Prunus mume. Methods and Results : This study was conducted to compare plant nutrients such as total nitrogen, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and composition of amimo acids in leaves between Viscum album and its host tree, Prunus mume, which were artificially cultivated in field and green house with or without treatment of fertilizer. Total nirogen content in leaves of mistletoe and its host tree, Prunus mume was 3.90% and 2.09% in the fields fertilized and non-fertilized, respectively. In a greenhouse fertilized, mistletoe leaves contained higher nitrogen (3.78%) compared to the host tree (3.06%). NO3-N content in leaves was also higher in mistletoe (37.5 ppm & 20 ppm) than in host tree (22.5 ppm & 12 ppm) in a field fertilized and non-fertilized. Ca content (1.18%) were same in leaves of mistletoe and host tree in the field fertilized. Contents of Fe, K, and Mn in leaves of mistletoe were 61.37 ㎎/㎏, 3.33%, and 127.59 ㎎/㎏, which were 16%, 13%, and 48% lower than host tree, respectively. On the other hand, contents of Mg, N, and P were 0.22%, 127.95 ㎎/㎏, and 0.48%, which were 5%, 148%, and 92% higher than host tree, respectively. K contents were higher in host tree fertilized (3.33% in field & 2.55% in greenhouse) while higher K (4.07%) was contained in a field non-fertilized compare to host tree (3.96%). However, P content was higher in mistletoe grown in field (0.48%) and greenhouse (0.42%) fertilized. In non-fertilized field, mistletoe leaves contained higher P (0.65%) rather than in host tree (0.29%). Eighteen kinds of amino acids were investigated in leaves of host plant by 20 - 87%. Conclusion : This study indicates that nutrient management including fertilization is important to improve nutritional quality and productivity of mistletoe in the artificial cultivation on Prunus mume.

인공접종 겨우살이의 조직 특성

박병수,이보덕,정성호 한국목재공학회 2010 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.-

Comparison in Leaf Nutrients Between Mistletoe (Viscum album) Cultivated Artificially on Prunus mume and Its Host Tree

Jeong Won Heo(허정원),Bo duck Lee(이보덕),In Je Sung(성인제),Ji Min Son(손지민),Dong Ha Cho(조동하),Cheol Ho Park(박철호) 한국약용작물학회 2018 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.1

모링가(Moringa olerifera)의 부위별 총페놀, 총플라보노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성

이정선,이명헌,박춘일,이희종,홍현동,이보덕,성인제,장광진,박철호 한국국제농업개발학회 2016 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the total polyphenol, total flavonoid and the antioxidant activity in different origin and parts of Moringa olerifera cultivated in Cheorwon. The extraction yield from leaf, root and stem were 25.5, 23.0, 12.3%, respectively. The total polyphenol content was high in the leaf extracts (15.77 mg/g) followed by root extracts (11.23 mg/g) and stem extracts (3.50 mg/g) but the difference of origin was not observed. The total flavonoid content was high in the leaf extracts (14.78 mg/g) followed by stem (1.36 mg/g) and root (1.14 mg/g). The total flavonoid content of Philippines and Thailand leaf were statistically high compared to india leaf. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was high in the leaf extracts at the 1 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml but the difference of origin was not observed. The DPPH radical scavenging activity may be attributed to the presence of several compounds such as polyphenol and flavonoid. Hence consumption of diet supplemented with Moringa olerifera leaves could protect the human against diseases induced by oxidative stress.