http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
환경부의 화학물질관리법, 화학물질등록 및 평가에 관한 법률, 고용노동부의 산업안전보건법의 화학물질 관련 내용 비교
윤충식,함승헌,박지훈,김선주,이상아,이권섭,박동욱,Yoon, Chungsik,Ham, Seunghon,Park, Jihoon,Kim, Sunju,Lee, Sangah,Lee, Kwonseob,Park, Donguk 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.5
Objectives: The exponential growth of chemicals, an area of high concern in developed countries like the US (i.e., the Gore Initiative) and in the EU (i.e., REACH), as well as recent chemical accidents in Korea, have provoked nationwide concerns and resultant legal enforcement. This study aims to compare the laws of the Ministry of Environment (the Chemical Substances Control Act (CSCA), Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances (ARECS)) with those of the Ministry of the Employment and Labor (Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)). Methods: Each law pertaining to the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of the Employment and Labor was downloaded from the official legal information system (www.law.go.kr). The objectives of each law and the major contents related to chemical management were compared and summarized. Results: The CSCA and the ARECS are focused on the protection of people and the environment, while the OSHA relates to the protection of workers. The right to know of people and workers has been reinforced. The former two laws emphasize prevention, but the OSHA contains both preventive and post-accident measures. The role of the Ministry of Employment was reinforced with the promulgation of the CSCA and ARECS, which contain regulations such as adjacent area impact evaluation, risk control planning, chemical statistical survey and construction and operation of information, provision of risk control plans, response to chemical accidents and registration of chemical substances. Conclusion: We found that the three laws discussed here have several similar clauses designed to protect people and the environment from risks that may be caused by the use of chemicals, even though there are some differences among them in terms of objectives and contents. This review concluded that several clauses that can be regarded as double regulation should be unified in order to minimize the waste of government administrative resources and socio-economic losses.
윤충식(Chungsik Yoon) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 2016 보건학논집 Vol.53 No.2
Results: Among the 656 chemicals having Korean OELs, 123 chemicals had odor threshold values. There were no correlation (R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.0036) between 8-hour Time Weighted Average(TWA) and odor threshold values in 112 chemicals which had both 8-hour TWA and odor threshold values. This fact means that health hazard could not be judged by sense of smell in the workplace or other environment. The classification of the chemicals having odor threshold values into three categories, the ones which had higher odor threshold values than OELs, the ones had lower odor threshold values than OELs and the ones having similar values, could be used to manage chemicals at the workplace. Three chemicals like decaborane(0.05ppm), formaldehyde(0.5ppm), and hydrogen fluoride(0.5ppm) had the same value of 8hr-TWA and odor threshold values. The correlations of odor threshold with vapor pressure (R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.0024), with LD<SUB>50</SUB>(R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.0043), and with LC<SUB>50</SUB>(R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.0025), were weak. Though it is very difficult to elucidate the relationship between odor threshold and chemical structure or its reactive group, this study showed several structural similarities and reactive groups for chemicals having very low odor threshold values. Conclusion: This study found that there were no correlation between odor thresholds and health hazards using index such as OELs(R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.06), LD<SUB>50</SUB> (R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.004) and LC<SUB>50</SUB>(R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.003). There was moderate correlation between OELs (R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.16) and LD<SUB>50</SUB>(R<SUP>2</SUP>=0.38), between OELs and LC50(R2=0.14).
가습기 사용 물의 종류에 따른 공기중 유해물질 농도 평가
윤충식(Chungsik Yoon),김선주(Sunju Kim),김유진(Yoojin Kim),박미진(Mijin Park) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 2019 보건학논집 Vol.56 No.1
Objectives: The aims of this study was to investigate the concentration, particle size characteristics and components of airborne particles dispersed in air by using tap water, water purifier, and distilled water for the ultrasonic humidifier. Methods: The number concentration and size of particulate matter were measured by a real time monitor, and the mass concentration was measured by gravimetric method at 1m from the humidifier. The influence of moisture during the measurement was eliminated using a thermal desorber. The metal components were analyzed using ICP-MS. Results: Particulate matter generated in the air was significantly different depending on the water used in the ultrasonic humidifier. Both number and mass concentration of particles were in the order of tap water> water purifier> distilled water. The concentrations of heavy metals were in the order of tap water> water purifier>distilled water, and the concentration in the air tended to be the same overall. But it was difficult to judge whether the heavy metals generated in the air could have a health effect. Conclusion: The use of tap water for ultrasonic humidifiers may not be desirable from the risk management point of view, even though the health risk is clearly not known.
유치원 교실에서 공기 중 박테리아와 곰팡이 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인
박동욱,조경아,윤충식,한인영,박두용,Park Donguk,Jo Kyunga,Yoon Chungsik,Han Inyoung,Park Dooyong 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.5
Airborne bacteria, gram negative bacteria (GNB) and fungi were measured in 70 class of 17 kindergartens. The objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing airborne concentrations of bacteria, GNB and fungi using multiple regression analysis. The average concentrations of bacteria and fungi exceeded $1,000\;CFU/m^3$. The average of GNB was $3.7{\times}10^2\;CFU/m^3$. This results indicated that air of kindergartens was contaminated with microbes such as bacteria and fungi. ANOVA test found that the concentrations of bacteria, GNB and fungi were significantly different by the characteristics of weather (rain, after rain, sunny) sampling date (July, August, September and October), the location of sampling site (ground level and basement) and the location of toilet (inside class, nearby class and away class). Multiple regression tests concluded that sampling date, the scale of city where kindergartens are located, the location of sampling site and ventilation efficiency can significantly affect the airborne concentration of bacteria, GNB and fungi. Most of these factors could be related moisture. Environmental factors that can cause the increment of moisture should be controlled in order to reduce airborne concentration of bacteria, GNB and fungi. Legal actions concerning prohibition on the presence of toilet inside class and ventilation criteria should be taken.
이원진 ( Won Jin Lee ),윤충식 ( Chungsik Yoon ),이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),정지연 ( Jee Yeon Jeong ),이경희 ( Kyong-hui Lee ),정원건 ( Wongeon Jung ),박미진 ( Mijin Park ) 한국산업보건학회 2021 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.31 No.4
Objective: This paper aimed to provide estimates the burden of cancer attributable to occupational exposures in South Korea and to review the processes of estimating the population attributable fraction(PAF). Methods: The PAFs of occupational cancer were reviewed from previous studies. The number and proportion of cancer cases attributable to occupational carcinogens were estimated by multiplying the PAFs by recent Korean cancer data(up to 2016 for incidence and 2017 for death) obtained from the Statistics Korea. The estimation of PAFs included occupational exposures defined as definite or probable human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Results: In South Korea, an estimated 10,769 new cancer cases(9,017 among men, 1,752 among women) in 2016, and 7,030 cases of death from cancer(6,047 in men, 983 in women) in 2017, were attributable to occupational exposures, representing 1.5-4.7% of all new cancer cases(2.1-7.5% and 0.3-1.6% among men and women, respectively) and 2.7-8.9% of all cancer death cases(3.4-12.4% and 0.5-3.3% among men and women, respectively). Among men and women, lung cancer was the most impactful. The estimation process of PAFs, however, has a variety of uncertainties. Conclusions: Occupational exposures contribute to a substantial burden of cancer in South Korea. PAFs for cancer provide useful information for prevention initiatives and prioritizing health policies for workers. However, PAFs need to be interpreted cautiously and updated regularly.
공기 중 탄소나노튜브 시료채취 시 사용하는 카세트 종류가 벽면 손실에 미치는 영향
함승헌,김송하,이진호,이나루,윤충식,Ham, Seunghon,Kim, Songha,Lee, Jinho,Lee, Naroo,Yoon, Chungsik 한국산업보건학회 2017 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.27 No.3
Objectives: The purposes of this study were to compare the surface resistance of cassettes according to the material, and to evaluate the wall deposition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) by electrostatic loss in the inner wall of the cassette. Methods: Surface resistance was measured for three types of cassettes(25 mm polypropylene conductive cowl, 25 mm and 37 mm clear styrene cassettes) with a surface resistance meter. Also, electrostatic wall loss was measured at different weights of CNTs depending on the cassette. CNTs were laid on a weight dish with the cassette for five minutes to provide sufficient time to attach on the wall. Wipe sampling was performed to collect CNTs deposited on the wall and elemental carbon, known as a surrogate for CNTs, was analyzed. Results: The cassette with conductive materials(18% of black carbon) showed the lowest surface resistance($<1.21{\times}10^3{\Omega}$). Cassettes made from clear polystyrene showed the relatively highest surface resistance(25 mm: $10.02{\times}10^9{\Omega}$, 37 mm: $10.59{\times}10^9{\Omega}$). This means that particles are more likely to stick to the internal wall of styrene cassettes due to electrostatic electricity. This may lead to an underestimation of the airborne concentration of CNTs. The experiment showed that EC was not detected when using a 25 mm conductive cowl cassette, while EC was detected at the internal wall of 25 mm and 37 mm polystyrene cassettes. Conclusions: This study confirms that cassettes with a conductive cowl have low surface resistance and are more appropriate for CNT sampling. In addition, this finding could be applied for other types of particulate, especially regarding electrostatic charge and sampling.