원저 : 석면 분석방법에 대한 고찰

함승헌,황성호,윤충식,박동욱 한국산업위생학회 2009 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Comparison of Real Time Nanoparticle Monitoring Instruments in the Workplaces

함승헌,이나루,엄익춘,이병천,Perng-Jy Tsai,이기영,윤충식 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.4

Background: Relationships among portable scanning mobility particle sizer (P-SMPS), condensation particle counter (CPC), and surface area monitor (SAM), which are different metric measurement devices, were investigated, and two widely used research grade (RG)-SMPSs were compared to harmonize the measurement protocols. Methods: Pearson correlation analysis was performed to compare the relation between P-SMPS, CPC, and SAM and two common RG-SMPS. Results: For laboratory and engineered nanoparticle (ENP) workplaces, correlation among devices showed good relationships. Correlation among devices was fair in unintended nanoparticle (UNP)- emitting workplaces. This is partly explained by the fact that shape of particles was not spherical, although calibration of sampling instruments was performed using spherical particles and the concentration was very high at the UNP workplaces to allow them to aggregate more easily. Chain-like particles were found by scanning electron microscope in UNP workplaces. The CPC or SAM could be used as an alternative instrument instead of SMPS at the ENP-handling workplaces. At the UNP workplaces, where concentration is high, real-time instruments should be used with caution. There are significant differences between the two SMPSs tested. TSI SMPS showed about 20% higher concentration than the Grimm SMPS in all workplaces. Conclusions: For nanoparticle measurement, CPC and SAM might be useful to find source of emission at laboratory and ENP workplaces instead of P-SMPS in the first stage. An SMPS is required to measure with high accuracy. Caution is necessary when comparing data from different nanoparticle measurement devices and RG-SMPSs.

식품의약품안전처에서 허가된 보건용 마스크의 특성 분석

함승헌,최원준,이완형,강성규 한국환경보건학회 2019 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the characteristics of health masks and to suggest the proper selection and use of protecting the respiratory system from particulate matters. Methods: The National Standard of masks promulgated by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL) were reviewed. The raw data of certified health masks were obtained from the MFDS database. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: Overall, 543 masks were certified by MFDS as of March 2019. Numbers of certified masks as KF80 (Korea Filter), KF94 and KF99 were 257 (47.3%), 281 (51.8%), and 5 (0.9%), respectively. Names of health masks, which were yellow sand, communicable diseases, health or its combination, were diverse that made customers be confused in selection. Health masks were also classified by particulate size, however, detailed information was not available. Conclusions: We investigated the status of health mask certification in Korea. Appropriate information on KF grade of health masks is required for customers to use them properly. MFDS should update the certification system of health masks periodically.

도금 사업장 근로자에게 발생한 시안화수소 급성중독과 작업환경평가

함승헌,최원준,이준형,임용수,강지현,강성규 한국산업보건학회 2019 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Introduction: An unexpected death was reported in a beginner immediately after starting the work at a plating factory. After the incident, air sampling was performed using a simulation of the situation as it had been at the time. Methods: To evaluate the airborne concentration of hydrogen cyanide, a total of six samples were collected: one personal sample, three area samples, and two background samples (office and outdoors). Hydrogen cyanide measurement was performed according to the standard sampling protocol recommended by the U.S. NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health). Results: The highest concentration of hydrogen cyanide was 0.938 ppm measured in a sample collected from the plating bath area with local exhaust ventilation. This value was approximately 20% of the ceiling occupational exposure limit. The personal sample showed a concentration of 0.135 ppm. Samples collected near the bath in which the incident occurred and a dehydrator showed hydrogen cyanide concentrations of 0.236 ppm and 0.101 ppm, respectively. Hydrogen cyanide was not detected in the background samples (office and outdoors). Conclusions: It is necessary to use proper ventilation systems and respirators in plating factories to prevent acute poisoning. Furthermore, it is important to educate and train new workers dealing with toxic substances.

공기 중 탄소나노튜브 시료채취 시 사용하는 카세트 종류가 벽면 손실에 미치는 영향

함승헌,김송하,이진호,이나루,윤충식,Ham, Seunghon,Kim, Songha,Lee, Jinho,Lee, Naroo,Yoon, Chungsik 한국산업보건학회 2017 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to compare the surface resistance of cassettes according to the material, and to evaluate the wall deposition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) by electrostatic loss in the inner wall of the cassette. Methods: Surface resistance was measured for three types of cassettes(25 mm polypropylene conductive cowl, 25 mm and 37 mm clear styrene cassettes) with a surface resistance meter. Also, electrostatic wall loss was measured at different weights of CNTs depending on the cassette. CNTs were laid on a weight dish with the cassette for five minutes to provide sufficient time to attach on the wall. Wipe sampling was performed to collect CNTs deposited on the wall and elemental carbon, known as a surrogate for CNTs, was analyzed. Results: The cassette with conductive materials(18% of black carbon) showed the lowest surface resistance($<1.21{\times}10^3{\Omega}$). Cassettes made from clear polystyrene showed the relatively highest surface resistance(25 mm: $10.02{\times}10^9{\Omega}$, 37 mm: $10.59{\times}10^9{\Omega}$). This means that particles are more likely to stick to the internal wall of styrene cassettes due to electrostatic electricity. This may lead to an underestimation of the airborne concentration of CNTs. The experiment showed that EC was not detected when using a 25 mm conductive cowl cassette, while EC was detected at the internal wall of 25 mm and 37 mm polystyrene cassettes. Conclusions: This study confirms that cassettes with a conductive cowl have low surface resistance and are more appropriate for CNT sampling. In addition, this finding could be applied for other types of particulate, especially regarding electrostatic charge and sampling.

산업보건에서의 사물인터넷(IoT), 클라우드, 빅데이터의 응용과 적용

함승헌,강성규,윤충식 대한직업환경의학회 2017 대한직업환경의학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.11

소방 실화재 훈련 중 발생하는 미세먼지와 호흡성분진의 특성

함승헌(Seunghon Ham),최신웅(Sin-Woong Choi),오동진(Dongjin Oh) 국립소방연구원 2021 소방안전연구 Vol.2 No.1

실화재 훈련장에서 훈련교관이 훈련 전과 후에 수행하는 업무에 대하여 미세먼지, 호흡성분진에 대하여 노출평가를 실시하였고, 그 결과 미세먼지와 호흡성분진에 노출이 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 개선 방향으로는 훈련 후 발생한 재를 삽으로 정리할 경우 분진이 비산되기 때문에 삽으로 정리하는 작업을 진공청소기를 이용하여 재를 흡입할 수 있도록 개선이 필요하고, 습식 작업도 노출을 저감하는데 효과적이다. 또한 개선이 되기 전 까지는 반드시 적절한 보호구를 지급하여 착용할 수 있도록 해야 한다. Exposure assessment was conducted for particulate matter (PM) and respirable dust before and after live fire training. Exposure to PM and respirable dust was found. Regarding the improvement of the training environment, since dust is released when the ash generated after training is cleaned with a shovel, it is necessary to improve the shovel cleaning operation so that the ash can be inhaled using a vacuum cleaner. Wet work is also effective in reducing exposure. Additionally, until improvement is obtained, appropriate protective equipment must be provided.

대학 실험실 장비 중 석면 함유 조사

함승헌 ( Seung Hon Ham ),김성호 ( Sung Ho Kim ),염종수 ( Jong Soo Yeom ),정진호 ( Jin Ho Chung ),이익모 ( Ik Mo Lee ),윤충식 ( Chung Sik Yoon ) 한국산업위생학회 2011 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives: The aim of this study is to survey for finding asbestos containing equipment at the laboratories using picture based questionnaire and polarized light microscopic analysis. Methods: This study was conducted from 2009 to 2010 at a university in Seoul. In 2009, picture based questionnaire was distributed to 100 laboratories during the regular laboratory air quality monitoring. In 2010, we emailed all professors of the same university who have laboratories to participate voluntarily this survey. For the laboratories consented to participate survey, picture based questionnaire was distributed and collected. Suspected asbestos containing material and apparatus were collected at the laboratories which replied they have suspected material and equipment. Collected samples were analyzed with polarized light microscope at the laboratory accredited by ministry of employment and labor in Korea. Results: Total of 18 out of 100 laboratories reported that they had suspected asbestos containing equipment in 2009. Twenty-three samples were collected and three samples (13%), one heating mantle and two pairs of insulation gloves, contained asbestos. Thirty four laboratories reported they had suspected asbestos containing material or equipment in 2010. Sixty samples were collected and four of them (6%), two pairs of insulation gloves, one packing rope in dry oven and, one pair of tongs, contained asbestos. All founded asbestos was chrysotile and the content of chrysotile was more than 90% for all equipment except heating mantle which has less than 1%. Conclusions: We confirmed that asbestos was still used at the laboratories though strict regulations on asbestos use in Korea. The method of picture based questionnaire invented in this study could be applied for asbestos survey to other research institute or university where there are many laboratories because of its simplicity and accessibility without huge man power, cost and time.

석면 분석방법에 대한 고찰

함승헌 ( Seung Hon Ham ),황성호 ( Sung Ho Hwang ),윤충식 ( Chung Sik Yoon ),박동욱 ( Dong Uk Park ) 한국산업보건학회 2009 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.19 No.3

항공기 내 실내공기질에 관한 고찰: 이동의 증가와 건강에 미치는 영향 및 블리드에어의 영향

함승헌(Seunghon Ham) 한국환경보건학회 2023 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.49 No.3

Background: With the rise in global mobility, aircraft indoor air quality has become a significant public health concern. This study focuses on the health implications of increased travel and bleed air—air drawn from aircraft engines for cabin pressurization and air conditioning. Objectives: This research aims to review the potential health effects related to exposure to aircraft cabin air, particularly the effects of bleed air during fume events. Methods: We conducted a literature review of existing studies on aircraft cabin air quality. We focused on both the immediate and health effects of exposure to cabin air, particularly those related to bleed air contaminants. Results: The review found a possible link between exposure to aircraft cabin air and certain health issues, especially in cabin crew and frequent flyers. There was an increased incidence of respiratory and neurological symptoms related to bleed air exposure. However, the cumulative health effects of frequent air travel remain inconclusive due to limited data. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for improving air quality in aircraft to protect public health. While further research is needed to understand the cumulative effects of frequent air travel, the reduction of exposure to bleed air contaminants should be a priority. These findings underline the need for regulatory changes and technological improvements in aircraft cabin air quality.