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영남지역 초등학생과 고등학생의 식습관 및 음식기호도에 관한 연구
윤영옥,이영순,김성미,Yoon Young-Ok,Lee Young-Soon,Kim Sung-Mee 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.1
To analyze the dietary behavior and food preference of Korean youth, we surveyed 140 elementary school 6th grade students and 154 high school first grade students in Youngnam Provinces. The average height and weight for the elementary school students were 153cm and 45.3kg for boys and 153.4cm and 44.6kg for girls. The body types depending on the body mass index(BMI) were 45.7% for under-weight, 47.1% for standard, 3.6% for overweight and 3.6% for obesity. The average height and weight for the high school students were 172.5cm and 64.5kg for boys and 160.1cm and 51.7kg for girls. The body types depending on the BMI were 11.0% for under-weight, 70.8% for standard, 13.0% for overweight and 5.2% for obesity. In their food preference, they preferred one-dish food to main dishes and rice with cereals was more popular among high school students. There were higher standard scores in fruit, snack, fried, and Kimchi dishes and high school students showed a high preference especially for snack and fried foods. The Kimchi dishes were more popular among elementary school students and they showed high scores in those dishes regardless of how they were cooked. There was the lowest preference for Korean vegetable salad and the highest for food cooked with meat In conclusion, a difference was found in the food preference of elementary school and high school students and the nutrient intake of elementary school students was lower than that of high school students. Therefore, elementary schools should provide proper nutritional education for students.
일개 대학병원 신경외과중환자실에서 Clostridium difficile 관련 설사 감소를 위한 CQI활동
박은숙,장경희,윤영옥,이정신,김태곤,여한승,김선호,신정원,이경원,김준명,Park, Eun Suk,Chang, Kyung Hee,Youn, Young Ok,Lee, Jung Sin,Kim, Tae Gon,Yea, Han Seung,Kim, Sun Ho,Shin, Jeong Won,Lee, Kyungwon,Kim, June Myung 한국의료질향상학회 2001 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.8 No.2
Background : The Clostridium difficile is the most important identifiable cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea and colitis, which lengthens hospital stay. Recently incidence of C. difficile has been increasing in an university hospital, and an intervention for prevention and control of C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) was in prompt need. Methods : Subjects were the patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit(NCU) where C. difficile was most frequently isolated. To increase participation of various departments, we used the CQI method, because management of CDAD requires a wholistic approach including control of antibiotics, barrier precaution and environmental cleaning and disinfection. Duration of the CQI activities was 9 months from April to December 1999. Results : The identified problems were misuse and overuse of antibiotics, lack of consciousness of medical personnels and the possibility of transmission from the contaminated environment and tube feeding. Education for proper use of antibiotics and management of C. difficile infection, use of precaution stickers, supplement of handwashing equipments, emphasis on environmental disinfection, and the change of the process of tube feeding were done. The CDAD rate in NCU was significantly decreased after the CQI program (8.6 case per 1,000 patient days from January to April 1999 vs 4.8 from May to December 1999). The distribution of neurosurgical wards including NCU among the total number of isolated C. difficile from the clinical specimens dropped from 49.4% in January to April to 33,7% in May to December. The average hospital stay of the neurosurgical department changed from 19.6 days to 15.2 days. Also, the effect of the CQI activities for C. difficile may have affected the incidence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Duration and dosage of certain antibiotics used in the NS department were decreased. The distribution of neurosurgical department in the number of VRE isolated patients declined from 18.4% to 11.1%. Conclusion : Infection control of resistant organisms such as C. difficile is likely to be successful when management of environmental contamination an collaborative efforts of decreasing the patients' risk factors such as antibiotics management and decreasing the length of hospital stay come simultaneously. For this work, related departments need to actively participate in the entire process under a common target through discussions for identifying problems and bringing up solutions. In this respect, making use of a CQI team is an efficient method of infection control for gathering participation and cooperation of related departments.
Al2Ca를 함유한 A356 합금에서의 다양한 열처리 조건에 따른 공정 Si 개량화 거동
김세준 ( Se Jun Kim ),현승균 ( Soong Keun Hyun ),김세광 ( Shae K. Kim ),윤영옥 ( Young Ok Yoon ) 한국주조공학회 2014 한국주조공학회지 Vol.34 No.5
This study is focused on the effect of Al2Ca as a modifier on eutectic Si modification of A356 alloy. Microstructural observation was carried out for as-cast, as-solution treated and as-aged samples. Solution treatment and aging were performed for 2, 4, 6 and 10 hrs at 540oC and 170oC, respectively. Although A356 alloy, which Al2Ca was added, has no significant difference in as-cast phases with normal A356 alloys, it shows much more modified eutectic Si, grain refinement and improved tensile property both in as-cast and as-heat treated conditions. TGA result shows that Al2Ca added A356 alloy has a certain improvement in oxidation resistance.
Modified 2024 알루미늄 합금의 인장 및 피로 연구
김관영(G. Y. Kim),김선호(S. H. Kim),윤영옥(Y. O. Yoon),김세광(S. K. Kim),조규상(K. S. Cho),이기안(K. A. Lee) 한국소성가공학회 2012 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10
In this study, the microstructures and mechanical properties of the recently developed Eco-2024-T3 alloy were examined. Eco2024 is made using Eco-Mg(Mg-Al₂Ca)in place of element Mg during the manufacture of alloy 2024-T3. This is an alloy that has economic advantage and excellent properties. Alloy Eco2024 showed smaller crystal grains that were distributed more evenly compared to the existing alloy 2024-T3. It consisted of Al matrices containing minute amounts of Al₂CuMg, Al₂Cu and Ca phases and showed microstructures with reduced amounts of Fe phases or oxide. As a result of tensile test, this alloy exhibited yield strength of 413MPA, tensile strength 527㎫, and elongation of 15.4%. In other words, it showed higher strength than the existing alloy 2024 but was similar to the existing alloy 2024 in terms of elongation. In fatigue tests, alloy Eco2024-T3 recorded fatigue limit of 330 ㎫ around 80% of its yield strength this is a much more excellent property compared to the existing alloy 2024-T3, which has fatigue limit of 250㎫. Based on the aforementioned results, the correlation between the excellent mechanical properties of alloy Eco2024-T3 and its microstructure was examined.
Eco ADC12(Al-Si-Cu) 합금의 인장 및 고주기 피로 변형 거동
김관영(G. Y. Kim),김규식(K. S. Kim),김세광(S. K. Kim),윤영옥(Y. O. Yoon),이기안(K. A. Lee) 한국소성가공학회 2013 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.5
The effects of Eco-Mg addition (0.6% and 0.8% wt%) on the microstructure development and tensile, high cycle fatigue properties of Eco-ADC 12 alloys have been investigated. Eco-ADC 12 alloys is made using Eco-Mg(Mg-Al₂Cu) in place of element Mg during the manufacture of alloy ADC 12. Microstructure analysis, tensile test, high cycle fatigue test were conducted in this study. The alloy consisted of α-Al, eutectic Si and Al₂Cu phase whit higher pore fraction. The tensile and high cycle fatigue results indicated that the fatigue strength of the Eco-ADC 12(0.8%) alloy was higher than those of the Eco-ADC12(0.6%) alloy. This study also attempted to clarify the micro-mechanism of fatigue deformation behavior related with its microstructure.
Mg+Al<sub>2</sub>Ca 첨가 ADC12 (Al-Si-Cu) 합금의 미세조직, 인장 및 고주기 피로 특성
김영균,김민종,김세광,윤영옥,이기안,Kim, Y.K.,Kim, M.J.,Kim, Shae K.,Yoon, Y.O.,Lee, K.A. 한국소성가공학회 2017 소성가공 : 한국소성가공학회지 Vol.26 No.5
This study investigated the microstructure, tensile strength, and high cycle fatigue properties of ADC12 aluminum alloys with different $Mg+Al_2Ca$ contents manufactured using die casting process. Microstructural observation identified the presence of ${\alpha}-Al$, eutectic Si, $Al_2Cu$, and Fe-intermetallic phases. The increase of $Mg+Al_2Ca$ content resulted in finer pore size and decreased pore distribution. Room temperature tensile strength tests were conducted at strain rate of $1{\times}10^{-3}/sec$. For 0.6%Mg ADC12, measured UTS, YS, and El were 305.2MPa, 157.0MPa, and 2.7%, respectively. For 0.8%Mg ADC12, measured UTS, YS, and El were 311.2 MPa, 159.4 MPa, and 2.4%, respectively. Therefore, 0.8% ADC12 alloy had higher strength and slightly decreased elongation compared to 0.6% Mg ADC12. High cycle fatigue tests revealed that 0.6% Mg ADC12 alloy had a fatigue limit of 150 MPa while 0.8% Mg ADC12 had a fatigue limit of 160MPa. It was confirmed that $Mg+Al_2Ca$ added ADC12 alloy achieved finer, spherical eutectic Si particles, and $Al_2Cu$ phases with greater mechanical and fatigue properties since size and distribution of pores and shrinkage cavities decreased as $Mg+Al_2Ca$ content increased.
내산화성 Mg 모합금을 이용한 고(高) Mg 함유 ECO-Almag6~9 합금 압출재의 제조 및 특성평가
김봉환 ( Bong-hwan Kim ),윤영옥 ( Young-Ok Yoon ),김세광 ( Shae-Kwang Kim ) 한국주조공학회 2021 한국주조공학회지 Vol.41 No.3
산업용으로 활용되는 많은 알루미늄 합금에 마그네슘 성분이 포함되어 있다. 이들 알루미늄 합금에 첨가된 마그네슘 원소는 알루미늄의 강도를 향상시키는 역할을 하지만, 제조 과정 중 산화 경향이 크기 때문에 제품의 품질과 특성을 저해하는 원인이 된다. 마그네슘이 주요 합금원소인 5천계 알루미늄 전신재 합금의 경우, 높은 산화성으로 인하여 마그네슘 함량은 약 5wt% 이내에서만 활용된다. 본 연구에서는 산화 경향이 억제된 것으로 알려진 ECO-Mg 모합금을 이용하여 5wt% 이상의 높은 마그네슘 함량을 포함하는 새로운 합금, ECO-Amag6~9 (6~9wt%Mg 함유) 합금을 제조하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. ECO-Almag6~9 합금은 높은 Mg 함량에도 깨끗한 용탕 품질이 확보되어 양산용 DC 주조기를 이용한 빌렛 제조 및 압출이 가능하였다. 또한 높은 Mg 함량으로 인해기존 산업용 5xxx계 합금에 비해 높은 강도와 연성을 보여 산업적 활용성이 높을 것으로 기대된다. The magnesium is one of the important alloying elements in the conventional aluminum alloys. The addition of magnesium to aluminum is well known to increase the mechanical strength of the aluminum without the trade-off of the decreased elongation. However, the content of magnesium in aluminum alloys has been limited to be lower than about 5wt.% because of the high oxidation tendency of magnesium element during the manufacturing processes such as casting, hot-forming and post heat-treatments, which can deteriorate the quality and properties of the final products. In this study, new ‘ECO-Almag6~9’ (containing 6~9wt%Mg) alloys were investigated to be made of the ECO-Mg master alloy, which has been invented to reduce the oxidation tendency of itself. It was successfully demonstrated that ECO-Almag6~9 alloys can be fabricated through the mass-production facilities of DC casting and extrusion routes without the problems of magnesium oxidation. In addition, it was confirmed that the strength and ductility were simultaneously improved due to the addition of high magnesium contents.