http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
허인량,박성빈,오흥석,김영진,Huh, In-Ryang,Park, Sung-Bin,Oh, Heung-Seok,Kim, Yeong-Jin 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.3
This study evaluates the water quality of the river near the alpine farmland in the upper Naerin stream, which is a typical stream of the upper Bukhan River with muddy water generation, by the flow examination, it aims to estimate the characteristics of nonpoint sources flowing out from the investigated area and figure out effective methods to reduce them. According to the result of water quality examination, the average BOD of the area not affected by the cultivated land among the areas of the upper Naerin River was 0.47mg/l, and total phosphorous was 0.007mg/l; thus, it maintained the cleanliness level of Ia. The average BOD of the area with the alpine farmland was 0.52mg/l, which was similar to the one of the non-cultivated land. But total phosphorous concentration was 0.023mg/l, which was more than three times higher than the area belonging to level II due to the effect of fertilizer ingredients discharged from the cultivated land. About the loadings of the investigated area generated from each of the pollution sources, BOD was 878.5kg/day and total phosphorous was 79.7kg/day. Moreover, for the load density, BOD was $2.22kg/day.km^2$ and total phosphorous was shown as $0.20kg/day.km^2$. Regarding the rates generated from nonpoint sources like land among the loadings per pollution sources, BOD was 54%, total nitrogen was 91%, and total phosphorous was 73.4%. Therefore, it was shown that most of the nutrients were produced from the nonpoint sources. The level of BOD runoff loading in the Jaun River area, where nonpoint sources were mainly generated, was 37.1kg/day and total phosphorous was 1.33kg/day. The flow rates to the generated amount were estimated as 10.5% and 4.7% each.
Ercp 전처치로서 Midazolam, Ketamine 단독 투여와 병합 투여의 효과 비교
김은주,김홍수,오흥석,이문호,김선주,한찬수,김재한,박상흠,정일권 대한소화기학회 1999 대한소화기학회지 Vol.34 No.3
Background/Aims: For prernedication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), midazolam has been widely used. Combined effects of midazolam and ketamine have been reported to bring a good result in some operative cases. We evaluated the efficacy of the combined low dose administration of midazolam and ketamine as premedication for ERCP. Methods: Forty-three patients were divided into three groups: ketamine (K), midazolam (M), and combined group (MK). Blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR), electrocardiogram and O₂ saturation (SaO₂) were monitored. We accessed the patients level of consciousness, conditions, tolerance and satisfaction. Results: BP was significantly elevated after procedure in all groups. PR was not changed but SaO₂ was slightly increased in K group. In M group, PR was significantly increased but SaO was not changed. However, all were not changed in MK group. K group was more deeply sedated than others. Significant difference was not noted among three groups in aspect of tolerance and easiness to patients during procedure with tendency to refusal for re-examination in K group. One case of PVC and two of paradoxical agitation were occurred in M group, and one of bradycardia was observed in K group. Conclusions: Combined administration of low dose ketamine and midazolam is an effective premedication for ERCP.