논문 : 특별기고 : 장인환(張仁煥) 의사(義士)가 사망한 병원과 그 위치에 관한 재고(再考)

오인환 ( In Hwan Oh ),문충한 ( Chung Han Moon ),공정자 ( Chung Ja Kong ) 연세대학교 사회과학연구소 2010 社會科學論集 Vol.41 No.1

장인환 의사(義士)는 구한말(舊韓末) 일제(日帝)가 한국 침탈의 앞잡이로 대한제국 외부(外部: 외무부)에 고문으로 앉혀 놓았던 미국인 외교관인 스티븐스(D.W. Stevens)를 1908년 3월 23일 미국 샌프란시스코에서 권총으로 저격 척결했다. 장인환의 이 의거로 구한말 일제의 한국침략 야욕에 맞선 국외에서의 국권회복 무장투쟁의 첫 신호탄이 올랐다. 그로부터 1년 7개월 뒤인 1909년 10월 26일에는 안중근 의사(義士)가 만주 하얼빈에서 우리민족의 숙적인 일본의 이등박문(伊藤博文)을 저격 사살하는 의거가 이어졌다. 이 글은 이 글의 공동연구자들이 장인환 의사의 의거 100주년에 때맞추어 발표했던 "장인환 의사의 발자취를 찾아서: 샌프란시스코 지역을 중심으로"라는 제목의 글 후편으로서, 그 글에서 장인환 의사가 1930년 5월 22일에 사망한 병원과 그 위치에 관한 논의가 불충분했었음이 들어나 이를 보완해 보고자 한 것이다. 2010년 5월은 장인환 의사가 타계한 80주년이 되는 달이다. 장인환 의사가 타계한 병원이 『신한민보』에는 샌프란시스코 "시내 안식교회 위생병원"으로 나와 있고, 사망진단서에는 "Health Betterment Institute"(HBI)로 다르게 나와 있어서, 1) 이 두 의료기관이 같은 것인지 다른 것인지, 2) 다르다면 HBI가 안식교회와는 어떤 관계가 있는 기관인지 등을 관련 자료들을 찾아 검토해 보았다. 분석 결과 1) HBI가 안식교회 계통의 의료기관이었고, 2) 『신한민보』와 사망진단서 두 곳 모두에 장인환 의사 사망 병원이 최소 3층 높이의 건물로 나와 있는데 건물의 구조까지 나타나 있는 지적도에서 보면 위생병원(Sanitarium)은 1층 반인데 비해 HBI는 3층으로 나와 있었어, 『신한민보』기사에 장인환 의사 사망병원으로 나와 있는 "시내 안식교회 위생병원"은 당시 샌프란시스코에 살던 우리 교포들이 HBI를 일반적으로 부르던 명칭이었을 것이라 판단되고, 따라서 장인환 의사가 타개한 병원은 HBI 쪽이라는 결론을 내렸다. In the present article there was made a second attempt to identify the hospital in San Francisco, where patriot In-Whan Chang died on May 22nd, 1930. The patriot Chang assassinated, on March 23rd, 1908, Durhan White Stevens, a pro-Japanese American, who, as the adviser assigned by the Japanese Government to the Foreign Ministry of the Korean Government, had worked to prepare for the then Japan`s imperialistic design to annex Korea. Chang`s assassination of Stevens was the first of Korean people`s armed resistance movements abroad to the then Japan`s imperialistic design to control Korea, preceding one year and seven months Jung-Gun An`s assassination in Harbin, Manchuria, of Hirobumi Ito, the mastermind of Japan`s plan to colonize Korea. In an earlier article published three years ago, tracing Chang`s footsteps in San Francisco areas, the co-authors of the present article looked for "the 7th Day Adventist Church`s Sanitarium in SF" where, a local Korean newspaper "Shin-Han-Min-Po" reported, Chang died. Then one of the co-authors unearthed from the California State archives an official vital record that showed the hospital Chang died was Health Betterment Institute (HBI). Cross-examination among relevant materials including newspaper and magazine articles and fire-insurance maps showing building structures led the co-authors to conclude that HBI was the hospital where Chang died.

Reduction of Tertiary Amides with Borane in the Presence of Trimethyl Borate

오인환,윤녕민,경영수,Oh In Hwan,Yoon Nung Min,Gyoung Young Soo Korean Chemical Society 1989 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.10 No.1

Various tertiary amides have been subjected to the reduction by borane-THF in the presence of trimethyl borate at $0^{\circ}C$ and the product ratio of alcohol and amine have been analyzed in order to find out the possible way to obtain one product exclusively on the basis of the structure of amides. In the case of N,N-dimethyl derivatives of both linear aliphatic and aromatic amides the corresponding alcohols were produced predominantly. However, the bulkier tertiary amides such as N,N-diethyl and hindered acid derivatives afforded amines rather than alcohols. The mechanism of borane reduction of tertiary amides is also discussed.

畜産廢水處理시스템의 最適說計要因 導出

오인환,박정현,김범석,이상락,맹원재,Oh, In-Hwan,Park, Joeng-Hyun,Kim, Beom-Seok,Lee, Sang-Rak,Maeng, Won-Jae 한국축산환경학회 1995 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.1 No.1

An efficient Treatment of animal wastewater is one of the hot issues for preventing the environmental pollution. It should be established the design parameter in order to purify the animal wastewater. A test is carried on in the pilot plant as a simplified activated sludge process. A vibration sieve separator is deviced to keep the pollution load constant by means of separation of solid matter. The BOD removal efficiency of the vibration sieve showed over 50%. As the test results, the BOD contents of the influent was in average of 3,000 mg/I and that of the effluent 85 mg/I. So, the BOD removal rate showed 97% in average. The SS-contents in the primary chamber was about 3,300 mg/I and that of effluent 92 mg/I. The SS removal efficiency showed 97%. The removal rate of total nitrogen and phosphore were in average of 82% respectively. Carrying out in winter season, it showed relatively good results; The design parameter approved in this test can be applied to the full-time farmers.

張仁煥 義士의 발자취를 찾아서

오인환(In-Hwan Oh),문충한(Chung-Han Moon),공정자(Chung-Ja, Kong) 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2007 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.28

우리나라 청소년의 신체활동과 사회경제적 변수와의 관련성

오인환,이고은,오창모,최경식,최봉근,최중명,윤태영,Oh, In-Hwan,Lee, Go-Eun,Oh, Chang-Mo,Choi, Kyung-Sik,Choe, Bong-Keun,Choi, Joong-Myung,Yoon, Tai-Young 대한예방의학회 2009 예방의학회지 Vol.42 No.5

Objectives : The physical activity of Korean adolescents and its distribution based on social characteristics have not yet been fully assessed. This study intends to reveal the distribution of physical activity by its subgroups and offer possible explanatory variables. Methods : The 3rd Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey was analyzed for this study. The appropriateness of physical activity was defined by Korea s Health Plan 2010 and physical inactivity was assessed independently. Family affluence scale, parents education levels, subjective economic status, grade, and school location were considered explanatory variables. All statistical analysis was conducted using SAS ver. 9.1. Results : The proportion of participants engaging in vigorous physical activity was high in males (41.6%), at a low grade (38.5%), within the high family affluence scale group (35.5%). The distribution of participants engaging in moderate physical activity showed similar patterns, but the overall proportion was lower (9.8%). Low family affluence and students with lower subjective economic status reported a higher prevalence of physical inactivity. In multiple logistic regression analysis for physical activity, significant factors included family affluence scale (p<0.05). For physical inactivity, family affluence scale, parents education levels, and subjective economic status were included as significant factors (p<0.05). Conclusions : The results suggest that the physical activity and inactivity of adolescents may be affected by socioeconomic variables, such as family affluence scale. This implies the need to take proper measures to address these socio-economic inequalities.

TV 채널의 비정상적인 운영과 시청자의 반응행태에 관한 연구 - KBS 의 방송제작 중단사태를 중심으로 -

오인환,정연구 ( In Hwan Oh,Yeon Goo Cheong ) 연세대학교 사회과학연구소 1990 社會科學論集 Vol.21 No.-

의료보험실시 일년반의 평가 - 수혜자에 (受惠者) 미치는 영향을 중심으로 -

오인환,이상회 ( In Hwan Oh,Sang Hwe Lee ) 연세대학교 사회과학연구소 1979 社會科學論集 Vol.10 No.-

상소의 설득구조에 관한 연구

오인환(In-Hwan Oh),이규완(Kyu-Wan Lee) 한국언론학회 2003 한국언론학보 Vol.47 No.3

In the present study attempts were made to analyze persuasion structure of Sang So Moon (上疏文), one of major written forms of Subjects' communication to the King in Korea up until the end of Chosun Dynasty. Emphasis was placed on looking not so much into its contents as into its structure of organization, Questions raised were, for example, What strategies of persuasion were employed?, How Subjects' reasoning and arguments were organized?, Were there found much in common among Sang So Moons? and If so, what were those common features? Six Sang So Moons analyzed here included one by Choi, Sung Ro (崔承老)in early Koryo Dynasty (982 A.D.), one by Chung, Dow Jun (鄭道傳)in late Koryo (1391 A.D.), one by Lee, Ja Keun (李自健)in early Chosun Dynasty (1512 A.D.), one by Lee, Toe Gye (李退溪) in mid Chosun (1568 A.D.), one by Lee, Yul Kok (李栗谷)also in mid Chosun (1574 A.D.), and one by Choi, Ik Hyun (崔益鉉) in late Chosun Dynasty (1873). Although the time span covered almost one millennium (actually 891 years), there were found almost no significant changes in the overall structure of organizing one's reasoning, arguments, and appeals. On ideological dimension most of cases, events, and examples cited were from the old history of China or classical literature of China. This seemed to reflect that the Korean society remained the same in terms of its ruling ideology of Confucianism. On personal level both examples of the forefather or predecessor king(s) and imagined evaluation by the future generations were cited in an effort to talk the king concerned into adopting one's policy recommendations.

간헐적인 저압ㆍ저산소 트레이닝이 엘리트 중장거리 육상선수의 운동능력 및 혈액성분에 미치는 영향에 대한 사례연구

오인환(Oh In-Hwan),조영석(Cho Yong-Seok) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

To investigate the training effect in hypoxic hypobaric circumstance(2,000m) on exercise performance(VO₂max and event records) and blood variables(RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct, EPO, Ferritin), women elite middle-long distance runner(n=3) trained 60min/bout, 7bouts during 2weeks using bicycle ergometer in hypoxic hypobaric chamber(2,000m). Exercise intensity of training was 75%HRmax that aussumed by Miyasitha(1975). VO₂max was assessed by incremental maximal exercise test and event record was assessed by official event that subjects participated in before and after training. All testing was performed under normoxic conditions. After 7bouts of hypoxic hypobaric training, there is no significant difference in all variables. However, VO₂max, EPO, RBC, Hb, Hct are tend to increase in all subjects. Moreover, All subjects made their personal best records in events after training. We conclude that 7bouts of training in hypoxic hypobaric circumstance(2,000m) tend to improved VO₂max, event record.

Effect of operating temperature using Ni-Al-ZrH₂ anode in molten carbonate fuel cell

서동호(Seo, Dongho),장성철(Jang, Seongcheol),윤성필(Yoon, Sungpil),남석우(Nam, Suk Woo),오인환(Oh, In-Hwan),임태훈(Lim, Tae-Hoon),홍성안(Hong, Seong-Ahn),한종희(Han, Jonghee) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06

Fuel cell is a device that directly converts chemical energy in the form of a fuel into electrical energy by way of an electrochemical reaction. In the anode for a high temperature fuel cell, nickel or nickel alloy has been used in consideration of the cost, oxidation catalystic ability of hydrogen which is used as fuel, electron conductivity, and high temperature stability in reducing atmosphere. Most MCFC stacks currently operate at an average temperature of 650?C. There is some gains with decreased temperature in MCFC to diminish the electrolyte loss from evaporation and the material corrosion, which could improve the MCFC life. However, operating temperature has a strong related on a number of electrode reaction rates and ohmic losses. Baker et al. reported the effect of temperature (575 to 650?C). The rates of cell voltage loss were 1.4mV/?C for a reduction in temperature from 650 to 600?C, and 2.16mV/?C for a decrease from 600 to 575?C. The two major contributors responsible for the change in cell voltage with reducing operation temperature are the ohmic polarization and electrode polarization. It appears that in the temperature range of 550 to 650?C, about 1/3 of the total change in cell voltage with decreasing temperature is due to an increase in ohmic polarization, and the electrode polarization at the anode and cathode. In addition, the oxidation reaction of hydrogen on an ordinary nickel alloy anode in MCFC is generally considered to take place in the three phase zone, but anyway the area contributing to this reaction is limited. Therefore, in order to maintain a high performance of the fuel cell, it is necessary to keep this reaction responsible area as wide as possible, that is, it is needed to keep the porosity and specific surface area of the anode at a high level. In this study effective anodes are prepared for low temperature MCFC capable of enhancing the cell performance by using zirconium hydride at least in part of anode material.