무창 비육돈사에서 습식공기정화기의 여름철 공기정화효율 분석

오인환,이종현,이경훈,이정훈,이동섭,어성만,이미림,Oh, I.H.,Lee, J.H.,Lee, K.H.,Lee, J.H.,Lee, D.S.,Eo, S.M.,Lee, M.L. 한국축산환경학회 2006 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The climate of stall significantly influences on animal production ability. High concentration of ammonia gas, $CO_2$ and lots of dust are found in modern densely raising stall system, as results, they provide a negative influence on animal and farmer health, and production ability. Therefore, it is necessary to keep clean the inside air of stall to increase the productivity. An air cleaner of wet type, consisting of a fan, a motor, rotating discs, a dust collector, a water bowl, an ozone generator etc, has been developed to clean the stall air. The work principle is that the inside air is sucked through the fan, and the rotating discs make water into fineness spray and blow into the stall. The rest water flows down to the dust collector. In the present study, we measured the dust, ammonia gas, odor, temperature and humidity in a swine stall that were installed two wet air cleaners with 700 fattening swine with On-mode and Off-mode of wet air cleaners. The dust measure was divided into 3 categories, TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$. In summer, the TSP in on-mode were maximum $0.259mg/m^3$ and minimum $0.128mg/m^3$, and the average was $0.195mg/m^3$. These are comparable to the data from Off-mode stall that maximum $0.308mg/m^3$, minimum $0.139mg/m^3$, and average $0.277mg/m^3$. However, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ showed any significant differences between the tests. The concentrations of ammonia gas in Off-mode stall were maximum 13.8 ppm and minimum 5.9 ppm, and the average was 8.47 ppm. However in On-mode stall the ammonia gas concentrations were maximum 10.5 ppm and minimum 5.5 ppm, and the average was 7.63 ppm. The concentration of ammonia gas in On-mode was 10% in average lower than off-mode stall. Odor was measured by olfactometer. In the Off-mode stall, the odor unit were maximum 420 $Ou/m^3$ and minimum $300\;OU/m^3$, and the average was $367\;OU/m^3$, but in the On-mode stall the odor unit were maximum $330\;OU/m^3$ and minimum $210\;OU/m^3$, and the average was $253\;OU/m^3$. Odor removal efficiency was about 31% in On-mode stall.

양돈액비에서 Struvite 형성으로 연속적 인의 회수기술

오인환,이종현,최병현,Oh I.H.,Lee J.H.,Choi B.H.,Burns R.T. 한국축산환경학회 2006 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.12 No.2

양돈액비에서 인을 회수하기 위한 연속식 공정을 개발하고자 시험을 수행하였다. $MgCl_2$를 마그네슘 원으로 사용하였고 pH를 NaOH로 조정해준 구와 폭기를 시켜준 구를 서로 비교하였다. 몰비가 증가할수록 용해인의 회수율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 1. pH를 NaOH로 조정하였을 때 비육돈사 액비의 경우에 용해인은 몰비 1:1.5에서 초기값 353(${\pm}9$)mg/L에서 19(${\pm}1.6$)mg/L로 감소하여 95%의 회수효과를 보았으며, 암모니아성 질소의 경우에는 5,527(${\pm}174$)mg/L에서 5,009(${\pm}161$)mg/L로 감소하여 9%의 제거율을 나타내었다. 2. 자돈사 액비의 경우에 몰비 1:1.5에서 용해인은 초기치 111(${\pm}2.8$)mg/L에서 1(${\pm}1.1$)mg/L로 감소하여 회수율은 98%를 나타내었으며, 암모니아성 질소의 경우에는 2,317 (${\pm}37$)mg/L에서 2,226(${\pm}39$)mg/L으로 감소하여 제거율 4%를 나타내었다. 3. 자돈사 액비의 경우에 폭기공정의 몰비 1:1.5에서 용해인은 초기값 321(${\pm}10.2$)mg/L에서 113(${\pm}3.6$)mg/L로 감소하여 회수율은 66%로 되었으며, 암모니아성 질소의 경우에는 2,364(${\pm}5$)mg/L에서 2,017(${\pm}2$)mg/L로 낮아져서 제거율은 15%로 높게 나타났다. 4. pH를 NaOH로 조정해준 구가 폭기를 시켜준 구보다 용해인 회수에서 효과가 좋았다. 암모니아성 질소의 제거에서는 반대로 폭기구에서 높게 나타났다. This study was carried out to develop a continuous process for recovering phosphorus in swine slurry. Magnesium chloride ($MgCl_2$) was used in the test as a magnesium source and the pH was regulated by adding NaOH and aerating. The results showed that the recovery rate of soluble phosphorus (SP) has increased with the molar ratios increased. In case of pH regulated with NaOH, the recovery rates of SP with molar ratio of 1:1.5 were over 95% from both farms. The removal of ammonia-nitrogen was at levels of $4{\sim}9%$. With aeration treatment, the SP recovery rate was 66% and the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was 15%. The treatment of NaOH to increase pH showed better SP recovery efficiency than the aeation treatment. However, in case of ammonia-nitrogen removal, the treatment of aeration showed better results than the NaOH treatment.

축산농가 오수가 충주호에 유입되는 지천의 수질에 미치는 영향

오인환,이종현,황현섭,장영수,Oh, I. H.,Lee, J. H.,Hwang, H. S.,Jang, Y. S. 한국축산환경학회 2005 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

축산농가가 인근의 하천수질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 충주호 주변 3곳을 선정하여 계절별로 지천의 수질을 조사하였다. 여름철에 T-N이 상류와 하류에서 각각 최소 0.005에서 최대 5.005 ppm이 조사되었고, 인산성 인이 S2 지점의 하류에서 0.5 ppm 검출되었다. COD는 8에서 20 ppm의 범위를 나타내었다. 가을철에 총 질소는 3측정지점을 통털어 상류지점에서 최저 0.005 ppm, 하류지점에서 최고 5.005 ppm을 나타내었으며, 역시 S2 지점의 하류에서 인산성 인이 0.5 ppm을 나타내었다. COD는 3 ppm에서 6 ppm의 범위를 나타내어 여름철보다 양호하였다. 겨울철에는 총 질소가 상류지점에서 최저치 0.053 ppm을 하류지점에서 최대치 0.51 ppm을 나타내었으며, 인산성 인은 S2 지점의 하류에서만 0.5 ppm을 나타내었고, COD는 가을철과 비슷하게 3 ppm에서 6 ppm을 나타내었다. 충주호 지천의 수질분석에서 여름철보다는 가을, 겨울철로 접어들면서 수질이 양호해지는 것으로 나타났으며, 전반적으로 축산농가에서 유출되는 오수가 지천에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단된다. To investigate the influence of livestock farm's wastewater on the near stream, the water quality of 3 different streams are analysed after seasons. In summer, the minimum T-N in the upper stream was 0.005 ppm and the maximum T-N in the down stream was 5.005 ppm. The phosphate was detected only in down stream of S2 point and was 0.5 ppm. COD was varied from 8 ppm in upper stream to 20 ppm in down stream. In fall, the T-N and the phosphate had shown similar results as that of in summer, however COD was varied from 3 ppm in upper stream to 6 ppm in down stream. In winter, the minimum T-N in the upper stream was 0.053 ppm and the maximum T-N in the down stream was 0.51 ppm. The phosphate was detected only in down stream of S2 point and was 0.5 ppm. COD was varied from 3 ppm in upper stream to 6 ppm in down stream. To be becoming fall and winter, the water quality of streams showed better than that of summer, and the wastewater from the livestock farms had little influence on the near streams.

충북 북부지역의 가축분뇨처리실태와 개선대책

오인환,성시흥,이종현,Oh I, H.,Sung S. H.,Lee J. H. 한국축산환경학회 2004 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.10 No.3

A study was conducted to develop a management policy of animal waste in Northern Chungbuk province through investigating the status of animal waste management. In management of swine manure, rotary composting including a simple piling method has a portion of $64\%$ using as a liquefied fertilizer $18\%$, purification $9\%$ and ocean dumping $9\%$ respectively. Most of them use the animal waste as a fertilizer to the agricultural land. The exercise ground of dairy farms was bedded with $70\%$ of sawdust and $30\%$ of conventional soil ground besides the stall. They had a storage tank for the waste water from milking parlor. Korean beef cattle farms mostly run sawdust stall, which changed new one in a term of 6$\~$12 months. In case of layer, manure management was conducted in the order of simple piling method, rotary composting and ventilation into the piling mostly. Comparing the amount of excreted animal manure with that of possible spreading, the latter can be spread more than 2.9 times than the former in Northern Chungbuk province. The Northern Chungbuk province is an appropriate place to carry out an environmentally friendly animal production. An utilization model as a liquefied fertilizer should be developed for paddy field, upland field, orchard, and forage field to in-crease the value of animal waste effectively.

경사지용 가축분뇨 액비 살포장치 개발

오인환,장철환,김운걸,송준호,Oh, I.H.,Jang, C.H.,Kim, W.K.,Song, J.H. 한국축산환경학회 2010 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.16 No.2

A major problem within the agricultural/farming community concerns the enormous amount of manure produced by livestock; one possible solution to this problem is to use the animal slurry as a liquid fertilizer. While there are several areas where this fertilizer could be used, one promising area of application is within chestnut tree fields. However, since most of these fields are located on slopes of varying grades and not on flat land, a different spread system is required. Generally, chemical fertilizer is spread in the chestnut field manually by hand; not only does this require a great deal of manpower it is also very difficult and hard work. In our lab experiment, we investigated the relationship between the amount of fertilizer spread and the length of pipe used at varying pressure levels. The hose in our system utilized PVC piping with evenly spaced holes for the fertilizer to dissipate. We initially found that the amount of spread was greatly reduced by reducing pipe pressure. While the difference of the amount of spread during fertilizing was not great, we did find that the reduction of the spread could be correlated to the frictional resistance of the inner lining of the pipe. Based on this, we hypothesized that an increase in pipe pressure would yield a consistent spread. Additionally, a similar outcome could be obtained by regulating the distance of the holes in the pipe and their diameter.

고분자 전해질 연료전지용 Sulfonated Poly(ether sulfone)의 합성 및 특성 평가

김형준(Krishnan, N.N.),조은애(Kim, H.-J.),오인환(Prasanna, M.),홍성안(Cho, E.-A.),임태훈(Oh, I.-H.),Hong, S.-A.,Lim, T.-H. 한국신재생에너지학회 2005 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.06

Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) copolymers (PESs) were synthesized using hydroquinone 2-potassium sulfonate (HPS) with other monomers (bisphenol A and 4-fluorophenyl sulfone). PESs with different mole% of hydrophilic group were prepared by changing the mole ratio of HPS in the polymerization reaction. The chemical structure and the thermal stability of these polymers were characterized by using ¹H-NMR, FT-IR and TGA techniques. The PES 60 membrane, which has 60 mole% of HPS unit in the polymer backbone, has a proton conductivity of 0.091 S/cm and good insolubility in boiling water. The TGA showed that PES 60 was stable up to 272?C with a char yield of about 29%;at;900?C;under;N₂ atmosphere. To investigate the single cell performance, the catalyst coated PES 60 membrane was used and a single cell test was carried out using H₂/O₂ gases as fuel and oxidant at various temperatures. We observed that the cell performance was enhanced by increasing the cell temperature. A current density of 1400 mA/cm² at 0.60 V was obtained at 70?C.

미래지향형 축산기계화 모형개발

오인환,이종호 ( I . H . Oh,J . H . Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 1997 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2 No.2

윈치커튼식 비육돈사에서 습식공기정화기의 공기정화 효율 분석

오인환,김운걸,이한성,Oh, I.H.,Kim, W.G.,Lee, H.S. 한국축산환경학회 2008 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.14 No.2

High concentration of $NH_3$, $CO_2$, and lots of dust are found in modern densely raising stall system, as results, they provide a negative influence on animal and lamer health, and production ability. Therefore, it is necessary to keep clean the inside of stall air to increase the productivity. A wet type air cleaner has been developed to clean the stall air. The work principle is that the inside air are sucked through the fan, and the rotating discs make a water into a fineness spray and blows into the stall. The spray can take the dust, $NH_3$, and odor from the stall inside air and give back to the circulating water, which can be refreshed in 2 hours interval. In the Present study, we measured the $NH_3$, dust, odor, temperature and humidity in a swine stall that were installed two wet air cleaners with 700 fattening swine with on-mode and off-mode of wet air cleaners. In fall, the concentrations of $NH_3$ in off-mode stall were maximum 24 ppm and minimum 16 prm, and the average was 18.2 ppm. However in on-mode stall the $NH_3$ concentrations were maximum 7ppm and minimum 1ppm, and the average was 2.7ppm. The concentration of $NH_3$ in on-mode was 74% lower than off-mode stall. Odor was measured by olfactometer. In the off-mode stall, the odor unit was 3,800 OU/$m^3$, but in the on-mode stall the odor unit was 2,100 OU/$m^3$ Odor removal efficiency was about 45% in on-mode stall. The dust measure was divided into 3 categories, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1.0}$. Whereas the $PM_{10}$ showed no significant differences between the tests, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{1.0}$ in the fine particle range reduced remarkably in the on-mode.

비닐하우스용 돈분뇨 액비살포장치 개발

오인환,김운걸,송준호,Oh, I.H.,Kim, W.G.,Song, J.H. 한국축산환경학회 2010 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.16 No.2

비닐하우스용 소형 액비살포기를 설계, 제작하였으며, 납작호스용 일체형과 견고한 둥근호스 분리형으로 되어 있다. 살포장치의 구성은 권취기, 유압모터, 유압실린더, 배출장치, 호스, 3점링크히치, 호스고정장치, 프레임 등으로 되어있다. 살포 시스템은 일체형과 분리형으로 나누어진다. 일반적으로 납작호스는 일체형에 사용되고 둥근호스는 분리형에 사용된다. 분리형은 좁은 공간에서 선회 등을 할 때 작업의 활동성을 개선할 수 있다. 액비살포기를 사용함으로써 작업효율을 5배 정도 높일 수 있었으며, 인력소요는 1/3로 감소되었다. 원하는 살포량에 따른 작업속도를 맞추어주면 면적당 목표 살포량을 얻을 수 있다. 관리자에 대한 작업환경이 개선되었다. It is investigated the development of swine liquid manure spreading system for a polyethylene film (PE vinyl) based greenhouse used for planting vegetables. These types of vinylhouses are normally six to eight meters wide; the spread system must be contained and capable of operating within this area. The system we designed for use here consisted of the following parts: 1) a reel for loading the hose, 2) hydraulic motor and cylinder to generate hydraulic pressure, 3) discharge unit, and 4) a frame with a 3-point hiteh link to the tractor. With this system, there are two types of hoses that can be used, a flexible flat hose that can be mounted directly to a tractor or a solid firm round hose which usually separated from the tractor. In either case, the discharge unit remains on the tractor. It is found that by using our spread system overall efficiency was 5 times greater than spreading swine liquid manure manually.

축산폐수에서 질소$\cdot$인의 추출을 위한 MAP공정 개발

오인환,이종현,정대성,조진우,Oh I. H.,Lee J. H.,Jeung D. S.,Jo J. W. 한국축산환경학회 2005 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.11 No.3

축산폐수에서 용해인과 암모니아 질소를 제거하기 위하여 마그네슘을 첨가하여 시험을 수행하였다. 자돈사의 축산폐수를 대상으로 실험을 하였을 때 원수의 용해인의 수치가 폭기구에서 $471mg/\ell$, NaOH로 pH를 조정하여 준 구에서 $559mg/\ell$ 이었으며, 각기 $5mg/\ell$와 $4mg/\ell$으로 감소하여 공히 $99\%$의 제거효율을 나타내었다 특히, 실험온도가 $6-8^{\circ}C$를 유지하였는데에도 양호한 효과를 나타내어서 겨울철 낮은 온도에서도 작동이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 암모니아 질소의 제거효율은 폭기구에서 $15\%$, NaOH로 pH를 조절해준 구에서 $18\%$를 나타내었다. pH를 NaOH로 조정해준 구와 폭기를 시켜준 구의 비교에서 폭기만 시켜주어도 pH가 8.4 정도로 되어 pH 조정구와 유사한 제거 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. Struvite 결정체의 관찰에서 직사각형 형태의 결정체와 결정체가 서로 결합한 모양을 볼 수 있었다. 마그네슘과 인을 동시에 주입하여 암모니아 질소의 제거효율을 높이고자 한 실험에서 용해인은 인을 2g 넣은 구에서는 $99\%$로 거의 제거되었으나 4g 넣은 구에서는 절대량으로 보아서는 제거량이 많으나 효율면에서는 $15\~19\%$로 그리 높지 알았다. 암모니아 질소의 제거율도 각각 $18\%,\;15\%$로 앞선 실험의 결과와 유사하였고 향상되지 않아 반응기작에 관한 분석이 더 필요한 것으로 사료된다. To reduce phosphorus and nitrogen from the swine wastewater, magnesium chloride $(MgCl_2)$ was used as a reaction material for both soluble phosphorus (SP) and ammonia-nitrogen (AN). The initial value of SP content were $471mg/\ell$ far aeration test and $515 mg/\ell$ for NaOH addition test, but treatment of $MgCl_2$ reduced SP value to $5mg/\ell$ and $4mg/\ell$. The removal efficiency of $MgCl_2$ for SP showed $99\%$ in both treatment, and the removal efficiency of $MgCl_2$ for AN showed $15\%$ with treatment of aeration and $18\%$ with NaOH. All the experiments were done in a low temperature of 6 to $8^{\circ}C$, suggesting that this methods are possibly able to apply to a cold weather conditions. Moreover, the struvite crystal structure was identified by electronic microscope, implying that $MgCl_2$ is an effective material for removal of SP from swine wastewater In addition to the increased removal rate of the AN in wastewater, both $MgCl_2$ and $KH_2PO_4$ were added. The SP value was reduced by $99\%$ with 2g addition of the phosphate. The SP removal rate by 4g addition of the phosphate was increased only as $15-19\%$, but the quantity of removed SP was higher than that of 2g addition test. The value of AN was not reduced as expected by adding $KH_2PO_4$. The AN removal rate were low as $18\%$ and $15\%$ like as the level of the former test with $MgCl_2$ alone. Therefore, it is needed to examine closely the reaction mechanism f3r reducing both SP and AN simultaneously.