부모 기록용 아동 행동 조사표에 의한 초등학교 어린이들의 정서와 행동문제 연구

여순,홍유라,박재선,이용환,김민향 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

목적: 외견상 정상으로 간주되는 일정 지역사회 어린이들을 대상으로 문제성 정서․행동의 빈도를 알아보고, 이들 정서․행동 문제의 빈도와 사회경제적 요인들과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 부산광역시의 일개 초등학교 1, 3, 5학년 어린이 700명을 대상으로 아동 행동 증상 목록표(Pediatric Symptom Checklist, PSC)로 된 설문지를 배부하였다. 설문지에는 50 항목의 행동 증상을 짧게 적고 부모가 각각의 행동 빈도에 “전혀 아님”, “가끔”및 “자주” 중 하나를 표시하도록 하였고, 아동의 건강상태, 부모 자녀간의 대화방식, 부모의 수입과 교육수준도 함께 조사하였다. 또한 일부 항목에 대해 원하는 경우, 담임선생님에 의해 이중으로 기록하게 하였다. 회수된 설문지 609매를 대상으로 빈도가 “전혀 아님”은 0, “가끔”은 1점, “자주”는 2점을 부과해 합산한 뒤 분석하였다. 결과: 피검아동 609명이 50개 문항의 행동들에서 “가끔” 또는 “자주”에 응답한 예의 빈도는 0.9-65.3%의 분포를 보였으며, 응답률에서 5%미만이 4개, 5-20%가 15개, 21-50%가 27개, 51%이상이 4개 문항이었고, 문제행동 총점들의 평균은 14.03(범위 0-43, 표준편차 8.96)점이었다. 빈도가 50%이상이었던 행동들은 “잘 울고 화내고 짜는 소리하기(총 65.2%, 남 62.75%, 여 67.9%)”, “부끄럼을 타고 남 앞에 나서기 두려움(총 60.9%, 남60.0%, 여 61.8%)”, “머리, 배, 다리가 자주 아프다(총55.8%, 남 53.1%, 여 58.8%)”, “집중하기 힘들다(총53.0% 남 55.5%, 여 50.4%)”의 4문항이었다. 성별 비교에서, 여아는 “새롭고 낯선 환경에서 겁이 많고 적응하기 힘들다”, “아무도 자신을 좋아하지 않아 희망이 없다고 느낀다”라는 두 문항에서만 남아에 비해 빈도가 높았으며(P<0.05), 문제 행동 유형별 비교시 주의산만 유 형, 공격성 유형은 남아에서, 불안은 여아에서 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 문제 행동 총점의 평균은 남녀 각각 14.44, 13.60로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 건강한 피검자 군의 총점 평균은 13.64로 이상이 있는 군의 17.29와 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.007). 건강한 친부모와 생활하는 피검자 군에서의 총점 평균은 13.68로 그 외 군에서의 15.92와 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.025). 부모자녀간의 대화방식에서 비효율적인 방법을 많이 사용하는 경우(4점이상군), 문제 행동의 총점이 16.77로서 3점 이하군의 9.48과 현저한 차이를 보였다(P<0.001). 결론: 조사 대상 어린이들의 과반수 이상은 잘 울고, 부끄러워 남앞에 나서길 두려워하며, 신체 통증을 자주 호소하고, 주의산만하다는 정서․행동의 특성을 가지고 있었다. 전체 문제 행동들의 빈도에 영향을 주는 인자로는 어린이의 외관상 건강상태, 가족 구성원의 구조, 부모의 대화습관이었고 부모의 경제력이나 학력과는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 문제성 정서․행동의 빈도에 가장 강력한 변인은 부모의 효율적 대화능력으로 생각되었다. Background : This study was conducted to identify the types and prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in primary school children based on a Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) which was filled out by parents. Methods : The subjects were 609 children between the age of 7 to 11 in one primary school in Busan, Korea. The PSC containing 50 behavior items were initially rated by parents and checked again by teachers in 17 items for the children whose parent consented to review. The PSC is scored by assigning 0 for never, 1 point for sometimes, and 2 point for often, and then adds the points for overall score. Parental attitudes of communication with their children were also assessed by scoring of parental responses to the questionnaire. Comparison of total behavior scores and other factors including parental competency scores were also made. Results : In each items of 50 behavioral problems, the frequency which is comprised of often true and sometimes true were widely distributed from 0.9% to 65.3%. The most common problem behavior was "crying easily and become angry"(often+sometimes: 65.2%) The next common problem behaviors were "shyness and being afraid of strange people"(60.9%), "complains of bodily aches or pains"(55.8%), "has trouble in concentrating"(53.0%), "be afraid of new situation with uneasiness"(44.5%), and "prefers to spends more time alone indoors"(43.3%) in descending order of frequency. In sexual comparison of frequency of problem behaviors, girls had significantly high frequency in two items-"be afraid of new situation with uneasiness"(P=0.018) and "no one likes him or her and has no hope" (P=0.029). On classifying 50 items into 8 behavior patterns, boys revealed higher frequencies in the behavior of inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity and anger, aggression, antisocial activity, while girls revealed higher frequencies in the behavior of anxiety. The mean total problem scores were significantly lower in the children of healthy group (healthy 13.64 vs unhealthy 17.29, P=0.007), living with healthy biological parents (biological 13.68 vs others 15.92, P=0.025) and parents who were using less destructive communication (barrier score≤3 9.48 vs barrier score≥4 16.77, P<0.001). There was no significant correlation between the mean total problem scores and variables such as sex, grade, incomes, and educational career of mother. Conclusions : Crying easily, shyness, bodily aches, difficulty in concentrating, being afraid of new situation with uneasiness, and loneliness were commonly prevalent behaviors in the children of the primary school studied. Total problem scores were significantly higher in children with physical handicaps, children living without both biological parents, and most remarkably in children who were cared by parents with poor communication skills

프룻 챈 영화의 홍콩인 정체성과 타자 재현 연구

여신(呂晨) 한국중어중문학회 2023 한국중어중문학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2023 No.4

中国法制进程中的国际法 ― 过去、现在与未来―

余民才(여민재) 한국공법학회 2008 公法硏究 Vol.37 No.1-1

In the process of the thirty years' legal system since China's reform and opening-up policies, unprecedented developments have been achieved in the field of International Law, either in the legal branches constituting China's legal system and themes or in its' patterns of application and enforcement. Although at present some deficiencies still exist, it's an issue of development, which would be resolved gradually with promotingof the aim of management of state affairs by law. The day, on which the international law totally establishes its status in China's legal system, is not far away.

무도 단증의 제도화 방안 연구

여형일,오연풍,권영훈 한국체육정책학회 2018 한국체육정책학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This study is based on the police officer add-on system, it is necessary to investigate the current status of the ballet events and the range of the added points, the purpose of this study is to suggest ways of providing data for proper selection. In the point that the police martial arts point system of civil servant recruitment of the public officer is standard in various fields, first, In view of the fact that it is not a scale division to the existing Korean Sports Association participating organization or a group that meets the requirements, For issuing group's abbreviated qualifications, as well as qualifications, it is possible to prepare and meet the detailed scoring criteria such as examination method, test method, examination and admitted applicant. The review method of the approval system should be reviewed. Second, in consideration of the impact on the drafting of the draft, When acquiring the A certificate, it is necessary to defeat the false advertising and deteriorated conscription system for the benefit of the issuing association in the simultaneous issuance of the B letter of guarantee, Third, the Civil, Civil and Military Procurement Offices that apply the discount points of the arts and crafts are presented with a clear selection criteria for items and issuing organizations, It is necessary to improve the policy system on qualitative aspects of the abstinence by recognizing the difference between the water system and the items of the training process It is necessary to establish a legal institutional basis for the multidisciplinary study and the standardized establishment of the appraisal point system.

무도 단증의 제도화 방안 연구

여형일,박재준,임종식,김기중,반철환,오연풍 한국체육학회 2015 전국체전기념 한국체육학회 학술발표회 Vol.2015 No.-

[시 47인선] 말씀이 옷을 벗는다

여한경(余漢慶) 문예운동사 2006 문예운동 Vol.- No.90

성급한 봄 아가씨

여한경(余漢慶) 문예운동사 2006 문예운동 Vol.- No.89

장애인 e스포츠 발전방안 도출을 위한 법 제도적 기반연구 : 이스포츠(전자스포츠)진흥에 관한 법령 중심으로

여형일 한국e스포츠학회 2022 e스포츠 연구: 한국e스포츠학회지 Vol.4 No.1

초등학생의 프로젝트 기반 체육수업 경험 탐색

여홍진(Yeo Hong Jin),김상목(Kim Sang Mok),김영식(Kim Young Sik) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.3

이 연구는 프로젝트 기반 체육수업에 참여한 초등학생들의 학습 경험을 탐색하여 교육적 의미를 살펴보고자 질적 사례연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 청주시의 B초등학교 4학년 학생 24명을 연구 참여자로 선정하여 2017년 6월 19일부터 7월 21일까지 6주간 ‘전통놀이와 여가’ 단원의 내용으로 ‘퓨전 놀이 한마당 열기’ 프로젝트 수업을 실시하였다. 자료의 수집은 수업 일기, 성찰 활동지, 소감문, 참여관찰, 심층면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료는 반복적 비교분석법을 통해 분석하였으며, 진실성 확보를 위해 삼각 검증법, 전문가 협의, 참여자 검토를 실시하였다. 학생들의 구체적인 경험을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생들은 교사로부터 수업의 권한을 위임받아 오롯이 스스로 답을 찾았다. 스스로 학습을 계획하고 실행해야 하는 보이지 않는 길에 대한 두려움을 극복하고 자신만의 길을 찾는 즐거움을 경험했다. 둘째, 학생들은 학습이 삶이 되고 삶이 학습이 되는 경험을 했다. 이는 학습의 공간이 학교 밖으로 확장되었으며, 학습이 학생들의 삶에 실제적인 의미가 되었음을 의미한다. 셋째, 학생들은 팀원들과의 활발한 상호작용을 통해 치열한 갈등을 극복했다. 다양한 갈등상황을 극복하면서 함께 성취하는 기쁨을 맛보게 되었고 협력하는 방법을 체득하게 되었다. 넷째, 학습 결과물을 다른 반 친구들과 공유하며 보상을 얻었고 스스로 작품을 창조한 경험으로부터 오는 높은 자존감을 형성했다. 학생들은 프로젝트 기반 체육수업에서 주도적으로 창조적인 지식을 구성하는 경험을 하며 미래사회가 요구하는 역량을 기를 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the learning experiences of elementary school students participating in project - based PE classes and to conduct a qualitative case study to find educational meaning. For this purpose, 24 students in the fourth grade of elementary school were selected and project-based PE classes were conducted for 6 weeks. The data were collected through student diaries, reflection activities, questionnaires, participation observation, and in-depth interviews. The collected data were analyzed through constant comparative analysis method and triangulation method, expert consultation, and participant review were conducted to ensure the authenticity. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the students were given the authority of the class from the teacher and found the answer on their own. By planning and practicing learning on their own, they have had the pleasure of finding their own way out of fear of the invisible path. Second, students had experiences in which learning became life and life became learning. This means that the space of learning has expanded outside the school and that learning has become a practical meaning for students lives. Third, students have overcome fierce conflict through active interaction with team members. They have experienced the joy of accomplishment through the overcoming of various conflict situations and have learned how to cooperate. Fourth, students shared their learning outcomes with other classmates and received rewards and formed a high sense of self-esteem from the experience of creating their own work. Students were able to develop the competencies required by the future society through their experience in organizing creative knowledge in project-based PE classes.

改革开放以后中国共产党对孔子和儒学的新认识

呂媛(여원) 동아인문학회 2022 동아인문학 Vol.59 No.-

Confucius and Confucianism occupy an important place in traditional Chinese culture as represented by Confucius. The question of the study of the status of Confucius is essentially a question of the heritage and cultural identity of traditional Chinese culture. The changing status of Confucius also indirectly reflects the changing themes of political thought in China's social and historical changes. Before China's reform and opening up, the status of Confucius and the development of Confucianism went through a process of repeated twists and turns. But after China's reform and opening up, as China's economy grew and its national status improved, a new understanding of Confucius and Confucian thought and culture was called for. The affirmative evaluation of Confucius and his Confucianism continued to strengthen, Confucius became a symbol of cultural identity, and Confucianism became the main body of Chinese culture. Especially since Xi Jinping became the leader of China, the Chinese Communist Party has linked Confucius and the Confucian culture represented by Confucius to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the rise of China. He also combined the essence of Confucianism with Marxism in the country's governance and creatively proposed the ideas of the ‘Chinese Dream’ and ‘Community of Human Destiny’. Development through inheritance has become a basic position of the CPC's treatment of Confucius and the Confucianism represented by Confucius now. In this context, Zhang Liwen, a representative scholar of contemporary Confucianism in mainland China, has created a new philosophical form called ‘the theory of harmony’, which is, in essence, a summary of Chinese philosophy, especially the spirit of ‘he’ in Confucianism. Unlike Zhang Liwen, Chen Lai uses the origins of Confucianism to illustrate the importance of Confucianism to the development of China today, arguing that ‘benevolence’ in Confucianism is more fundamental than ‘harmony’ and that Confucius and Confucianism have, to a certain extent, become the spiritual symbol of Chinese civilization. 孔子及其以孔子为代表的儒家思想在中国传统文化中占有非常重要的地位。对孔子地位研究的问题,实质是对中国传统文化传承和文化认同的问题。孔子地位的变化也间接反映了中国社会历史变迁过程中政治思想主题的变化。中国改革开放前,孔子的地位和儒学的发展经历了一个反复曲折的过程。但是中国改革开放之后,随着中国经济的增长和国家地位的提高,要求对孔子和儒家思想文化进行重新认识。对孔子及其儒学的肯定性评价不断强化,孔子成为了文化认同的象征,儒学成为了中国文化的主体。尤其是习近平成为中国的领导人后,中国共产党更是将孔子及其以孔子为代表的儒家文化与中华民族的伟大复兴以及中国的崛起联系到了一起。并且将儒学中的精华与马克思主义相结合运用到了治国理政之中,创造性的提出了“中国梦”和“人类命运共同体”等思想。在继承中发展,成为现在中国共产党对待孔子及其以孔子为代表的儒学的一个基本立场。在此背景下, 当代中国大陆儒学代表学者张立文创建的一种新的哲学形态“和合学”,其实质就是对中国哲学尤其是儒家“和”精神的总结。和张立文不同, 陈来则通过儒学的起源来说明儒学对于当今中国的时代发展具有重要的意义,认为儒学中“仁”比“和”具有更根本的意义,孔子和儒学在一定程度上已经成为了中华文明的精神标志。