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Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus in the South-East Area of Gyeonggi-do in Korea
송한얼,권창일,고광현,홍성표,박필원,임규성,황성규,이지은 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.4
Purpose: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been a leading cause of acute hepatitis in Korea. The reported genotypes of acute hepatitis A in Korea are the subgenotype IA and IB. The aim of the present study is to investigate HAV genotypes in the south-east area of Gyeonggi-do in Korea. Materials and Methods: From June 2004 to June 2006, 46 acute hepatitis A patients were enrolled prospectively. All had sporadic acute hepatitis A patients. All suspected cases of acute hepatitis A were tested for IgM anti-HAV antibodies. We sequenced 168 bp of nucleotides of the putative VP1/P2A junction and determined the HAV genotype with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The clinical and laboratory results of all patients were recorded. Results: HAV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected in 41 samples out of 46 samples. Among the 41 samples, 25 (60%) were shown to have subgenotype IIIA and the other 16 (40%) were subgenotype IA. Several amino acid substitutions were found. Conclusion: In these HAV sporadic cases, IIIA and IA were identified, and this may reflect co-circulation of various genotypes in Korea. This study provides valuable new data on the genetic distribution of HAV and important information to help design appropriate public health measures. Purpose: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has been a leading cause of acute hepatitis in Korea. The reported genotypes of acute hepatitis A in Korea are the subgenotype IA and IB. The aim of the present study is to investigate HAV genotypes in the south-east area of Gyeonggi-do in Korea. Materials and Methods: From June 2004 to June 2006, 46 acute hepatitis A patients were enrolled prospectively. All had sporadic acute hepatitis A patients. All suspected cases of acute hepatitis A were tested for IgM anti-HAV antibodies. We sequenced 168 bp of nucleotides of the putative VP1/P2A junction and determined the HAV genotype with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The clinical and laboratory results of all patients were recorded. Results: HAV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected in 41 samples out of 46 samples. Among the 41 samples, 25 (60%) were shown to have subgenotype IIIA and the other 16 (40%) were subgenotype IA. Several amino acid substitutions were found. Conclusion: In these HAV sporadic cases, IIIA and IA were identified, and this may reflect co-circulation of various genotypes in Korea. This study provides valuable new data on the genetic distribution of HAV and important information to help design appropriate public health measures.
송한얼 ( Han Ul Song ),황성규 ( Seong Gyu Hwang ) 대한소화기학회 2007 대한소화기학회지 Vol.49 No.4
간암은 우리나라에서 3번째로 사망률이 높은 암이다. 조기 진단법이 지속적으로 발전하였으나 간암의 사망률과 예후는 많이 개선되지 않았다. 간암이 다른 암과 달리 재발률이 높은 데에 그 원인이 있다. 따라서, 간암의 재발을 막는 화학예방에 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 1차예방은 간질환 이환을 막는 것으로 간염 예방접종이 가장 효과적인 방법으로 알려져 있다. 또 간독성을 갖는 물질을 멀리하여 지속적인 간세포의 손상을 막는 것이 중요하다. 2차예방은 간질환이 있는 환자에서 간암으로의 진행을 막는 것이다. B형간염의 경우 HBV-DNA 수치가 간암 발생과 연관이 있으므로 항바이러스 요법을 통해 HBV-DNA 수치를 낮추는 것이 도움이 된다. 또 C형간염의 경우 인터페론 등의 항바이러스 요법을 통해 간암으로의 진행을 막을 수 있다. 또 COX-2 억제제도 간암으로의 진행을 막는 기능이 있다. 3차예방은 간암치료 후 간암의 재발을 막는 것이다. 간암은 재발률이 높기 때문에 간암의 예후에서는 재발을 막는 것이 매우 중요하다. 현재까지 레티노이드, 비타민 K2, glycyrrhizin epigallocatechin-3-gallate 등이 효과가 있다. 향후 간암 발생을 줄이고 예후를 개선시키기 위해 간암 예방에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and has the third highest mortality rate among malignancies in South Korea. Despite the continuing efforts for the early detection of HCC, the mortality rate and prognosis have not been improved yet. Its clinical behavior is quite different from other cancers. High recurrence rate after curative treatment might be the reason for poor prognosis. Several methods including chemoprevention, blocking the development of HCC, have been under investigations. The vaccine for hepatitis, in the form of primary prevention, is considered to be the most effective one inhibiting the development of liver disease. Furthermore, keeping away from hepatotoxic agents is another way for preventing liver cell injuries. Secondary prevention is to stop the developement of HCC in chronic liver diseases. Since the level of DNA in hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis patients is closely related with the development of HCC, it is helpful to lower the DNA level using anti-viral agents. In addition, IFN, one of the anti-viral agents, can inhibit HCV hepatitis from tumorigenesis. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors are also alleged to have a function in interrupting the development of HCC. Tertiary prevention means the prevention of recurrence of HCC after successful treatment. Because of high recurrence rate, the prevention of recurrence should be one of the important factors affecting the prognosis of HCC. Up to now, COX inhibitors, retinoic acids, vitamin K2, glycyrrhizin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and ginseng had been reported to be effective for the chemoprevention of HCC. Further studies are required for an advancement in the prevention of HCC. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2007;49:201-208)
3D 프린팅을 이용한 복합재 프로펠러용 레이업 툴 개발
김한얼,송철기 한국기계가공학회 2023 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.22 No.4
A lay-up tool was developed for prototyping composite propellers. A manufacturing tool was designed using3D-printing technology, and an attempt was made to determine whether the temperature changes of the toolaccording to the temperature of the curing cycle and the vacuum pressure of the autoclave are harmful. Areduction in production cost and production time owing to the characteristics of 3D printing was confirmed,greatly contributing to the production of composite prototypes by replacing existing tools.