자발적(自發的)인 소집단토론(小集團討論)이 아동(兒童)의 도덕성발달(道德性發達)에 미치는 효과(效果)

송명자 ( Myung Ja Song ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 1980 石堂論叢 Vol.4 No.-

This study aimed to investigate the effects of spontaneous peer discussions on moral conflicts upon primary school children`s moral reasoning. The essential rationale of the study was based on the cognitive-developmental theory of moral development, which maintains that the exposure of the children to cognitive conflicts about moral reasoning, to the awareness of different moral points of view, and to judgement one stage above their own is the best way leading to moral education. The hypotheses of the study were (1) the level of moral maturity scores of the experimental group on post-test will be significantly higher than that of the control group, and (2) the effects of the discussion will be significatly different by sex, socio-economic status, and the level of oscillation of children`s moral reasoning. The subjects of the study were 250 primary school children equally divided into the control group and the experimental group exposed to moral discussion. The nine situations of moral dilemma devised by Kohlberg were used to measure the level of children`s moral development. The scoring was based on the coding system of Kohlberg. The materials for discussion were five situations of moral conflict adopted from the "Hypothetical Dilemmas for Use in Moral Discussions" constructed by Blatt, et al. There were five weekly discussions of one hour each. The Moral Maturity Score was obtained by analyzing the children`s responses, and the average MMS was 270.55 points, which means the children under this study were in the level of moral development approaching stage 3. The results obtained from the study were as follows: (1) The average moral maturity increase was 33.47 points. Thus the level of moral maturity scores of the experimental group on post-test was significantly higher than that of the control one. (2) The effects of discussion was not significantly different by sex and socio-economic status. (3) The effects of discussion was significantly different by the oscillation level of moral reasoning. The children in transitional stage with greater oscillation showed greater increase of MMS. From the results and discussion of the study mentioned above, the following conclusions were obtained. (1) The spontaneous peer discussion is an effective way of moral education. (2) The effect of discussion is not influenced by sex and socioeconomic status of children. (3) The effect of discussion is greater when applied to the children in transitional period of moral thought.

초기경험과 지적 발달

송명자(Myung Ja Song) 한국교육심리학회 1987 敎育心理硏究 Vol.1 No.-

요양보호사의 직무환경이 서비스 질에 미치는 영향

김영두 ( Kim Young Doo ),송명자 ( Song Myung Ja ),곽종형 ( Kwak Jong Hyung ) 한국사회복지경영학회 2023 사회복지경영연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 요양보호사의 직무환경이 서비스 질에 미치는 영향관계에서 요양보호사의 직무환경 요양보호사의 서비스 질을 제공하는 실천적 현장에서 활용하였다. 또한 요양보호사의 서비스 질에 대한 차별화된 정책과 지원방안을 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 응답자의 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 변인의 차이를 살펴보면, 학력에 있어서 ‘대학원 졸업’이 직무환경과 직업전문성, 사회적지지, 서비스 질에 모두 영향을 미치고 있었다. 반면, 종교와는 크게 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 요양보호사의 직무환경인 대인관계, 인사, 조직 순으로 서비스 질에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치고, 인사관련 요인의 경우 서비스 질에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. This study was used in the practical field of providing caregivers' service quality in relation to the effect of caregivers' job environment on service quality. In addition, the purpose of this study was to suggest differentiated policies and support measures for caregivers' service quality. Looking at the differences in variables according to the demographic characteristics of the respondents, in terms of academic background, 'graduation from graduate school' had an effect on all of the job environment, occupational expertise, social support, and service quality. On the other hand, religion did not appear to have a significant effect. It was found that the job environment of caregivers, interpersonal relationships, personnel, and organization, in order, had a positive (+) effect on service quality, and personnel-related factors had no effect on service quality.

두 종류의 두통 치험예

김태헌(Tae Heon Kim),송명자(Myung Ja Song) 대한통증학회 1994 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.7 No.1

Headache, like low back pain, is one of the most common of pain conditions. Many data suggest that nerve block can be one of effective treatments in managing headache except pure psychologic or surgical origin, because mechanism of headaches have neurologic, vascular or local tissue pathology. We experienced two types of headache; episodic tension-type headache, and benign exertional headache, suceessful treatment consist of nerve block and modulation of exercise, respectively.

한국(韓國) 중등학교(中等學校) 환경진단(環境診斷)을 위한 척도제작(尺度製作)

강주태 ( Choo Tae Kahng ),신해우 ( Hae Woo Shin ),강영삼 ( Young Sam Kahng ),송명자 ( Myung Ja Song ),최진승 ( Jin Seung Choi ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 1978 石堂論叢 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study was to develop a scale and manual for measurement of junior and senior high school environment with high validity and reliability, and to analize the actual conditions of the environment of the sampled schools. The theoretical model adopted of our High School Environmental Assessment Scale was base on Newcome`s subcultural model and Barker`s behavior setting theory. Thus what we wanted to assess here was psychological environment as reflected in school climate and classroom atmosphere manifested by students` acitivities. Test items were constructed according to the dimension of intellectuality and subjectivity so that a given school environment might be categorized into the creative, intellectual, wild, and social. Following pretest, test items were finally selected and standardized on the schools sampled on a basis of area, sex, and corporate type (stratified sampling) across the nation. The size of the sample are 1073 junior high school boys, 1138 junior high girls, 1157 academic senior high school girls, 370 vocational senior high school boys and 365 vocational senior high school girls-a total of 5206 students. The following results were obtained from analytical study of the actual conditions of the sampled schools: (1) Junior high school As for area, the village girls` schools were significantly higher in the intellectual dimension. The boys` schools in big cities were higher in subjective dimension. As regards sex, the boys` schools in towns significantly higher in intellectual dimension. In terms of corporate type the private schools` were significatnly higer in both intellectual and subjective dimension than public ones. (2) Senior high school Across the country, girls` schools were significantly higher in intellectual dimension than boys` but no significant area difference was observed in intellectual and subjective dimension. The public schools were significantly higher in intellectual dimension, while private ones in subjective dimension. (3) Difference between junior and senior high schools Junior high schools were significantly higher in intellectual dimension, but no difference was seen in subjective dimension. The Manual of the standardized High School Environmental Assessment Scale is composed of the outline of the scale, methods of execution, evaluation, interpretation of the results, application and norms. The high School Environmental Assessment Scale affords information on the relationship between the characteristics of environment and students` activities by showing which on the four categories-creative, intellectual, wild, and social-a given school falls into, and information on the ways to improve school environment.

인체 백혈병 암세포에서 Interleukin-1β 유전자 발현에 미치는 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D₃와 체내인자에 관한 연구

오종석(Jong Suk Oh),강인철(In Chol Kang),정진(Jin Jeong),신부안(Boo Ahn Shin),송명자(Myung Ja Song),이현철(Hyun Chul Lee) 大韓微生物學會 1993 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.28 No.1

大學生의 自己學習能力水準과 學業成就度와의 關係

宋明子,李炳旿,薛耆汶 東亞大學校 學生生活硏究所 1986 學生硏究 Vol.15 No.-

認知發達理論의 觀点에서 道德性 發達段階間의 變遷에 관한 槪觀

宋明子 東亞大學校 學生指導硏究所 1978 學生硏究 Vol.9 No.-

한국대학생의 도덕사태 개념화 및 그 변화과정에 관한 연구(II)

송명자,조용하,설기문,김상윤 東亞大學校 學生生活硏究所 1992 學生硏究 Vol.20 No.-

This study aims to analyze the moral judgmental levels and the conceptions of transgressions of Korean college students in a series of multifacted events and the aspects of change in terms of moral judgmental level and conceptualizastion after with two years' college experience. The study was based on the Kohlberg's cognitive moral development theory and on the domain-distinction model in which children's intuitive abilities are stressed. This study was consisted of two sub-studies done in 1989 and 1991 respectively. The subjects of the 1st year study were 416 college students in four major cities(Seoul, Taegu, Kwangjoo, and Pusan). The subjects of the longitudinal analysis of second year study were 199 college students who could be followed up among the subjects of the 1st year study after two years. The instruments used in this study were Test of Moral Judgmental Development and Test of Conceptualization on Mulifaceted Events developed by the authors on the basis of Kohlberg's and Turiel's theories respectively. The following conclusions were obtained through the basis of the results and discussions of this study. First, Korean college students' false responses to moral issues decrease but the radical and anti-social responses increase after two years, and ther these responses are replaced by the level Ⅲmoral judgmental responses. Second, college students who are on the higher moral judgmental level conceptualize the transgression in social conventional and personal domains less permissible than those on the lower levels do. The students who are on the lower judgmental level reveal the decrese of nonpermissibility in social conventional domain with two years' college experience than those on the higher level do.

초등학교 아동의 평형과제 해결을 위한 규칙지식 분석

송명자,박충일 東亞大學校 大學院 1990 大學院論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This studt aimed to measure the primary school children's performance level in balance tasks and to analyse the types of rules they apply to the solution of the task, Theoretically, the analysis was based on Siegler's rule-assessment approach which emphasizes the importance of knoweledge base in the efficiency of learning and instruction. Subjects of this study were 64 primary school children from 2nd to 5th grade. equally divided into four groups. Tasks used in this study were 24 balance tasks, 4 in each of 6 types of the task including balance, weight, distance, conflict-weight, conflict-distance and conflict-baalnce task. The following conclusions were obtained from the result and discussion : First, a significant difference in performance level is revealed only bewteen the 2nd and 3rd, 4th, 5th grades, which means no progress between 3rd and 5th grades. Therefore, appropriate educational regards is necessary to promote the task solution ability of children beyond the 3rd grade. Second, the level of children's balance task solution is different by the type of task. Thus, it is required to reexamine the adequacy of the types of task presented in the text and to varify the task type to promote children's ability to solve balance task. Third, according to Siegler's rule criterion, the 2nd grade children chiefly rely on rule Ⅰ, whereas 3rd 4th, and 5th grade children on rule Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Therefore, it seems evident that the rules required to solve the tasks in the text and those represented in children's knowledge base are not coincided. Fourth, the major sources of children's error revealed in their explanation are found to be both too heavy a reliance an the encoding of weight and failure in systematic intergration of weight and distance. It is suggested that two factors be emphasized in teaching balance problem.