http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
한국인의 중국어 억양 오류 유형에 대한 운율유형론적 분석
손남호 한국중국어문학회 2010 中國文學 Vol.64 No.-
This paper aims to analyze Korean speakers` pitch contours of boundary tones and four phonemic tones in pronouncing Standard Chinese (SC). The Korean language has the phonological stress which can be modified some various pitch patterns phonetically. In contrast, tone languages such as SC, which have underlying tones phonologically, can be restricted within narrow limits in realizing their pitch patterns. The prosodic typological differences between the two types of languages tend to lead Korean speakers to errors in pronouncing tonal pitch. The pronunciations of 248 sentences by Korean and Chinese participants were analyzed in terms of pitch contours and their pitch targets, target positions, target-to-target slope. Results show that tone 4 (high fall) at an interrogative sentence final can be easily changed into a rising pitch contour such as tone 2 (high rise), suggesting Korean-style pitch modification of SC at an interrogative boundary. Also, the Korean participants tended to pronounce a tone 3 (low dipping), which pitch contour has only one low target at non-boundary positions in SC, as tone 2 which has two targets. The finding indicates not only that Korean speakers are learned to pronounce Chinese sentences using strict tonal pitch patterns but also that pitch variations were influenced by the first language.
제2외국어 SNULT의 언어문화 요소 분석 - 중국어, 프랑스어의 청해시험을 중심으로
손남호,고길수 서울대학교 언어교육원 2019 語學硏究 Vol.55 No.특별호
The main goal of the current study is to examine how the concept of linguistic cultures (LCs) is integrated and utilized in the content of test items for Seoul National University Language Tests (SNULT). In this study, LCs were subdivided into three types: (a) language-internal, (b) sociolinguistic, and (c) pragmatic LCs. A total of 160 listening items were chosen from SNULT Chinese and SNULT French tests (80 from each) and then analyzed according to the tripartite, classification scheme of LCs. Results of analyses have revealed that one or more types of LCs were identified in about 61% of 80 items for dialog-based listening comprehension sections of SNULT Chinese and SNULT French, respectively. This result indicates that LCs are largely reflected in SNULT and that these tests can provide appropriate test construction models for assessing communicative competence.
손남호 한국중국언어학회 2005 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.20
This paper aims to analyze boundary tone, pitch pattern and transition of neutral tone in Standard Chinese. Because the neutral tone is not an independent element that stands by itself and it does not have any phonemic tone in itself, its pitch variation, unlike that of non-neutral tone, has much possibility of being affected by intonation, especially in boundary tone. Neutral tone can give us a good tool for studying intonation of tone language like Chinese. Results of the analyses show that pitch variation of neutral tone and neutral tone boundary has following characteristics: First, neutral tone boundary has relatively stable pitch contour when it represents utterance type. It has 2 degree of 5-degree system in declarative and 3 degree in interrogative. Second, neutral tone is much influenced by preceeding non neutral tone. Though the final pitch target keeps stable, the linear interpolation from non-neutral tone to neutral tone is much variable according to tonal pitch contour of non-neutral tone. Neutral boundary tone following tone 1 and tone 4 shows level contour, but the tone following tone 2 and tone 3 shows falling and rising contour respectively. Finally, utterance-final neutral tone keeps most stable in experiment sentences. Non-utterance-final neutral tone serves as linear interpolation of pitch targets or peak delay of non-neutral tones.
해외 중국어 교육기관의 중국어 교수학습 유형과 교수매체 사용 양상
손남호,김나래,신원철,이강재,이미경,이연숙,김석영 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2020 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.40 No.-
The study is the results of visits to Chinese language institutions outside of Korea that are in different language environments. The results of the investigation are as follow. First, more diverse instructional media are used in the classroom when the language environment of the region is not Chinese-centered. This implies that instructional media compensate for the limits or deficiencies of the language environment. Second, two main types of language teaching programs are identified: one that relies more on the teachers and the other that systematizes classroom management and the learning system. The latter type is found to lead to more stable learning effects.
손남호(Nam-Ho Sohn),이호영(Ho-Young Lee),황효성(Hyosung Hwang) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2015 언어학 Vol.0 No.72
This paper aims to propose a method to induce emotional speech naturally and to carry out basic acoustic analyses of emotional speech. Previous research into emotional speech relied on the recordings of actors’ acted speech. Since actors’ emotional speech is often stereotyped, we established a method to help ordinary people to produce emotional speech relatively easily by using emotion inducing video clips edited from Korean films and dramas. 43 students and 20 actors and actresses participated in the recording. They were asked to read the subtitles embedded on the video clips while maintaining induced emotions. A test sentence, “Neo Nagiju ara? (Do you know Nagiju?)”, was included in the subtitles on the video clips. A perception test was conducted to choose top 50 natural sounding speech files of the test sentence for each emotion (i.e. anger, anxiety or neutral emotion). The result of this perception test shows that the proposed method was successful in inducing emotions naturally. The results of the acoustic analysis of the selected emotional utterances show that anger is realized with the highest pitch and biggest intensity and anxiety with the lowest pitch and weakest intensity. At the latter part of anxious speech, breathiness was observed.