한국재래산양 반추위 내 주요 섬유소 분해 미생물에 의한 암모니아처리 볏짚의 발효특성에 관한 연구

배귀석,전광주,이상석,최종원,박상엽,장문백,맹원재 ( G . S . Bae,G . J . Jeon,S . S . Lee,J . W . Choi,S . Y . Park,M . B . Chang,W . J . Maeng ) 한국낙농학회 1998 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Coenzyme Q10 다량 발현 미생물을 이용한 Rumen Simulation Continuous Culture (RSCC) System 반추위 내 미생물 발효 특성에 대한 연구

배귀석,여준모,장문백,김종남,Bae, G.S.,Yeo, J.M.,Chang, M.B.,Kim, J.N. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2017 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.19 No.1

This study was conducted to confirm the rumen fermentation characteristics of large-scale CoenzymeQ10(CoQ10) producing bacteria R. spharoides in rumen. We conducted in vitro continuous culture test to investigate the characteristics of rumen fermentation with 5% R. spharoides as a direct fed microorganism. A rumen microbial fermentation characteristic has stability at after 12 days for 15 day of experimental period. pH value, NH₃-N, microbial protein synthesis, ADF digestibility and NDF digestibility were not shown significantly differences between control and treatment. However, UDP was significantly higher in treatment than control (p<0.05). CoQ10 concentration was 336.0mg/l with 5% R. spharoides. On the other hands, CoQ10 was not detected without R. spharoides. Our study was shown that R. spharoides can produce CoQ10 in rumen environment without harmful effects on rumen fermentation parameter. CoQ10 in rumen may transfer into cow milk through cow metabolism. This strategy might be helpful for producing functional dairy cow milk.

Semi - continuous Culture 방법을 이용한 Condensed Tannin 의 한국재래산양 반추위 섬유소 분해 미생물의 활성에 미치는 영향

최종원(J . W . Choi),장문백(M . B . Chang),이상석(S . S . Lee),배귀석(G . S . Bae),박상엽(S . Y . Park),김종민(J . M . Kim),하종규(J . K . Ha),배희동(H . D . Bae),최일(I . Choi) 한국낙농학회 1999 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

N/A

Probiotic 균주의 Pathogenic Organism에 대한 억제 활성과 송아지분변 분리균주의 억제활성 특성

배임희 ( I. H. Bae ),변정열 ( J. R. Byun ),배귀석 ( G. S. Bae ),이상석 ( Sang. S. Lee ),장문백 ( M. B. Chang ),윤영호 ( Y. H. Yoon ) 한국동물자원과학회 2006 한국축산학회지 Vol.48 No.6

산삼배양액 이용에 관한 반추위 미생물 대사 연구

배귀석,남경표,김혜숙,이상구,최행석,민우기,주종원,맹원재,장문백 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.6

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the artificial culture medium of wild-ginsengs on in vitro fermentation characteristics. NH_(3)-N concentration was showed the highest in 3% WGM treatment among all treatments and control. In addition, microbila protein synthesis was significantly different in all treatments throughout the incubation time, and WGM 3% tratment was the highest at the 9 h incubation(P<0.05). Protozoa numbers within rumen were decreased in all WGM treatments a t9h incubation time, whereas WGM 3% treatment was always decreased throughtout the incubation(P<0.05). NDF and ADF digestibility showed no significantly increased as the incubation time in both control and treatments. NDF digestibility showed no significantly increased as the incubation time in both control and treatments. NDF digestibility showed no significantly difference between contro and the 3% treatment, and ADF digestibility was similar in all. Total volatile fatty acid(VFA) concentrations of WGM treatments without 5% were significantly higher than control(P<0.05). No differences were observed in total VFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate concentration among the WGM treatments. Acetate/Propionate roatio of WGN treatments was higher than control after 12 h incubation(P<0.05). As a result of the artificial culture medium of wild-ginseng on rumen fermentation characteristics in vitro, microbial protein synthesis of WGM treatment was higher than control, and WGM 3% was the highest in all treatments(P<0.05). The effect of saponin in artificaial culture medium of wild-ginseng tended to decrease NH_(3)-N concentration, while it increases the microbial synthesis in early incubation. Therefor, artificial cultures medium of wild-ginseng ca increase utilization of feed by microbial and anti-protozoal effects of saponin, which may enhance microbial synthesis capacity in early fernentation period in rumen.

통옥수수 및 Steam-flaked 옥수수 기초사료가 반추위미생물 발효성상과 한국재래산양 반추위대사 특성에 미치는 영향

배귀석,배정희,윤석준,장문백,고종렬,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구는 반추가축에 있어 통옥수수를 주로 이용한 조사료 무급여사료의 발효특징을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 대조구는 steam-flaked corn으로 구성된 농후사료 (80%)와 볏짚 (20%)을 혼합한 사료 (SFCR)와 통옥수수와 면실피로 구성된 조사료 무급여사료(WC)를 사용하였다. 실험 1은 한우 반추위 미생물을 이용하여 in vitro 시험을 2처리 3반복 시험을 배양시간 48시간 동안 실시하였고, 실험 2는 한국재래산양을 이용한 반추위 내 발효 특성을 알아보기 위하여 in vivo 시험을 2처리 4반복 실험을 15일간 실시 하였으며, in sacco 시험은 2처리 3반복으로 시험을 3일간 실시하였다. 실험 1에서 SFCR구와 WC구 모두 반추위 적정 pH를 유지하였으며 처리간에 유의성은 없었으나 배양 4시간 대에 SFCR에서 다소 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. Gas 발생량은 SFCR구에서 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.01), NH_3-N 농도는 WC구에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. Total VFA농도는 8시간대까지 WC구에서 유의성있게(p<0.01) 낮았고 이후 유의성은 없었으나 두 처리구 모두 점차적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 전체 평균 Acetate 함량은 SFCR구에서 모두 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.01), 전체배양시간에 동안 propionate 함량은 WC구에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). 건물소화율은 두 처리구 모두 유의적 차이가 없으나 SFCR구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 실험 2에서 두 처리구 모두 전체적으로 다소 낮은 pH를 보였으며 유의적 차이는 없었으나 SFCR구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 반추위 미생물단백질 함량은 SFCR구에서 유의하게 높았으나, NH_3-N 농도는 WC구에서 유의하여 높았다(p<0.01). Total VFA 함량과 propionate 함량도 WC구에서 유의사게 높았으나(p<0.01), acetate 함량은 유의성은 없었고 WC구에서 다소 높았다. 전체적인 Lactate 함량은 두 처리구에서 유의적 차이를 보였으나 (p<0.01) 산독증 발병 수준 이하의 함량을 나타내었다. Nylon bag에 의한 한국재래산양 반추위 내 in sacco 건물소실율은 SFCR에서 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이상의 시험 결과에 의하면 농후사료 80%와 볏짚 20%로 구성된 SFCR 사료가 반추위 내 발효특성에 있어서 통옥수수와 면실피로 구성된 조사료 무급여사료와 큰 차이가 없었으며, 반면 조사료 무급여사료는 사료 가공비용 감소에 의해 경제성이 증가할 것이다. These study were conducted to determine the effects of a whole or steam-flaked corn based diet on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro and ruminal metabolism in the Korean Native Goat(KNG) in vivo. The experiments consisted of two dietary treatments: control, steam-flaked corn(SFC) based diet(80%) + rice straw mixed(20%)(SFCR); 100% whole corn based diet(WC). The first experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of whole corn on ruminal metabolism in vitro for 0 to 48 h. pH values were optimally maintained during incubation time, and were not significantly different between treatments. Gas production of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). NH_3-N concentration tended to increase for WC, but not significantly different between treatments. The mean value of total volatile fatty acid concentration of WC was significantly lower than SFCR(p<0.01), but SFCR and WC linearly increased as the time of incubation approached 48 h. Mean value of acetate concentration of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). Propionate concentration of WC for the total incubation time was significantly higher than SFCR(p<0.01). THe digestibility of dry matter was not significantly different between treatments, but SFCR was somewhat higher than WC. The second experiment was conducted to effect of whole shelled corn based diet on rumen metabolism in KNG. pH values tended to decrease through all treatments. There was not a significantly difference between treatments. Microbial protein yield of SFCR was significantly higher than WC(p<0.01). HN_3-N concentration of WC was significantly (p<0.01) higher than SFCR. Total VFA and propionate concentration of WC was significantly higher than SFCR(p<0.01), but acetate concentrate of WC was not significantly higher than SFCR. The mean value of total lactate concentration was significantly(p<0.01) different but the value of SFCR and WC were lower than the average concentration of acidosis. In sacco DM disappearance rate of SFC was significantly(p<0.01) higher than WC.

反芻胃 내 纖維素分解 微生物에 의한 化學的 處理 국내산 밀짚 醱酵特性에 관한 硏究

裵貴石,李相碩,尹光老,張文伯,白仁基 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 1994 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

本 實驗은 韓國在來山羊의 反芻胃 內에서 分離·同定된 纖維素分解微生物을 利用하여 化學的處理를 한 한국산 밀짚과 無處理 밀짚의 衛生的 分解力의 차이를 알기위해 醱酵産物, 電子顯微鏡檢定을 실시하였다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. pH水準은 암모니아처리 밀짚에서 큰 변화는 없었으나, 다소 감소하였다. 2. DM消化率은 암모니아처리 밀짚이 무처리 밀짚 보다 높았으며, 특히 F. succinogens에 서 제일 높았다. 3. ADF消化率은 암모니아처리 밀짚에서 전체적으로 높았다. 4. 微生物蛋白質代謝는 암모니아처리구에서 增加하였으며, ammonia nitrogen 함량은 모든 암모니아 처리구에서 72시간 醱酵期間동안 천천히 높아짐을 보였다. 5. 化學的處理에 의한 밀짚의 化學的·物理的構造의 부분적인 變化는 纖維素分解微生物에 의한 分解力과 밀짚에서 微生物의 적소를 增加시켰다. The isolated ruminal cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of the Korean native goat-Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivbrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens-were incubated on chemical treated Korean wheat straw in mono-and coculture. The experiment were designed to examine the effects of ammonia treatment of Korean wheat strew by rumen cellulolytic bacteria on in Vitro conditions for fiber degradation, and to determine the effect of treatment on fractions of wheat straw. Ammonia treated wheat straw was compared with untreated wheat straw for 0,24,48, and 72h by rumen cellulolytic bacteria. In the experiment, pH, ammonia-nitrogen, and ADF and scanning electorn micrograph were studied. The results obtained in this study are as follows; 1. pH values had no remarkable changes by the ammoniation of wheat straw, but slightly decreased in process of incubation time with ammonia treatment. 2. Dry matter digestibility of ammonia-treated wheat was higher than those of untreated wheat straw, and was highest for F. succinogenes. 3. ADF digestibility of amonia-treatment wheat straw was generally higher than untreated group. 4. Microbial protein synthesis was increased with ammonia treatment and concentration of ammonia nitrogen was increased steadily the fermentation proceeds for 72 hours in the ammonia-treated group. 5. A partial modification of chemical physical structure of straws by chemical treatment would enhance the microbial degradation and more extensive formation of niche of wheat straw by rumen cellulolytic bacteria.

열처리 단백질-광물질 복합제제 첨가가 In Vitro 발효성상과 착유우의 유량 및 유성분에 미치는 영향

최낙진,배귀석,남경표,장문백,엄재상,고종렬,하종규 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.5

본 연구의 in vitro 실험결과를 살펴보면, 배양액의 pH와 암모니아 생성량은 전 배양시간 동안 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 없었다. Total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate 생성량은 12 h에서 HPM을 0.2%, 1% 첨가한 시험구에서 대조구와 비교하여 증가하는 경향이 있었으나, 2% 첨가구에서는 오히려 감소되었고, 48 h 에서는 HPM 첨가한 세 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에, 다른 배양시간대에서는 처리구간 통계적 유의차는 발견되지 않았다. A/P ratio 경우에도 처리구간 유의차는 없었다. 총 gas 생성량은 배양시간 24 h과 48 h에 HPM 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 증가하였다 (P<0.05). 한편 사양실험은 열처리된 단백질 (대두박)과 광물질의 복합 제제 (HPM)가 젖소의 유생산량과 유성분에 끼치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었는데 그 결과를 요약하면, 유생산량은 대조구와 비교하여 HPM 시험구에서 하루에 약 1㎏ 정도 더 높았고 (27. 7 vs 28.8 ㎏/d, P<0.001), 4% FCM 생성량 또한 대조구와 비교하여 볼 때 HPM 시험구에서 1.3㎏/d 이 더 높았다 (P<0.001). 유단백 (P<0.05)과 SNF (P<0.05)도 대조구와 비교하여 HPM 시험구에서 그 생산량이 증가되었다. 반면에, 유지방, MUN과 체세포수는 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아, HPM 첨가에 의한 반추위 발효 저해현상은 없었으며, HPM 내 함유되어 있는 열처리된 단백질과 광물질의 결합체와 잔여 광물질이 반추위 내 단백질과 결합하여 단백질 분해 속도를 지연시킴으로써, 단백질의 by-pass율을 증가시켜, 유생산량 증가와 유질을 개선 (유단백질, SNF 함량 증가 등) 하는 등 젖소의 생산성을 향상시킨 것으로 요약할 수 있다. This study, consisting of two experiments, was conducted to determine the effects of feeding heat treated protein and mineral complex (HPM) on milk production and composition, and ruminal fermentation of Holstein dairy cows. In in vitro experiment, HPM levels were 0, 0.2, 1 and 2%, and Timothy hay, which was substrate, was milled as 1 ㎜ size, and the effect of HPM on pH and ammonia and VFA were analyzed after incubation times of 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The pH and ammonia production were not significantly different between treatments during the incubation. In addition, generally, total VFA and individual VFA were not affected by HPM on 0, 6 and 24 h. While, total VFA and individual VFA were increased in 0.2% and 1% of HPM supplemented treatments, but decreased in 2% of HPM treatment compared with control on 12 h. On 48 h, total VFA and individual VFA were increased in HMP treatment compared to control(P<0.05). However, A/P ratio was not affected by HPM supplementation. Gas production was higher in HPM treatment compared to control on 24 h (P<0.05) and 48 h (P<0.05). In lactating experiment, fourteen lactating Holstein cows were used for 4 months in a cross over experimental design. There were two treatment; no added HPM as a control and 0.2% of HPM added as a test treatment. Daily milk yield (P<0.001), 4% FCM (P<0.001), milk protein (P<0.05) and SNF (solid not fat; P<0.05) were increased in HPM treatment compared to control. While, milk fat, MUN (milk urea nitrogen) and SCC (somatic cell count) were not significantly different between treatments.

韓國在來山羊 反芻胃內 Cellulolytic Bacteria의 酸素活性에 關한 硏究

尹鍾澤,裵貴石,孟元在,張文伯,李相碩 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 1993 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.5 No.1

本 實驗은 反芻胃微生物의 纖維素 分解作用 대한 基礎資料를 얻기 위해 韓國在來山羊 反芻胃內 纖維素分解微生物을 分離·同定하여 醱酵産物, 電子顯微鏡的 檢定을 실시하였다. 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. pH水準은 醱酵期間동안 反芻胃 最適 範圍인 6.52∼6.68으로 正常範委로 維持되었다. 2. 보리짚을 substrate로 한 乾物 消化率은 公培養에서 높앗다. 3. 微生物 乾物生成量을 Mixed group에서 낮은 傾向을 보였다. 4. NDF 消化率은 monoculture구에서 높은 結果를 나타내었으며 72時間 培養시 coculture구에서 높은 結果를 보였다. 5. Ammonia-N 濃度는 72시간까지 漸次的으로 증가하는 傾向이었으며, coculture group에서는 48時間帶에 다소 낮아졌다. 6. 전자현미경적 관찰을 통해 분해가 활발히 일어남을 보여 주었다. The isolated ruminal celluloytic bacteria in the rumen of Korean native goat, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus fibrisolvens were incubated on barley straw in mono-and coculture. The microbes were examined for its ability to degrade barely straw and compared with synergy between mono- and coculture. This experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of predominant cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of Korean Native Goat on the regulation of enzyme activiy, and undertaking to isolate and identification the bacterial flora and to determine fermentation factor, degradation of fiber source. The results obtained in this study are as follows: 1. Morphology in the light microscope, they are grown on defined substrates and no difference was observed. 2. pH level was maintained with cellulolytic ruminal optimum range (6.52∼6.68) during fermentation period. 3. Dry matter digestibility was the highest for tri-culture with barely straw substrate. In the case of Mixed group, similiar digestibility were observed. 4. NDF digestibility was the highest for B. fibrisolvens but the substrate was more rapidly de-graded after 48 h by F. succinogenes. 5. Nicrobial dry matter yield of coculture were lower than monoculture group. 6. The coculture of these microorganisms on barely straw was less effective than monocultures in concentration of ammonia nitrogen. 7. Observations by scanning electron microscopy showed that barely straw were degraded by microbes.

매초액 첨가에 의한 in vitro 발효특성 및 젖소의 생산성에 미치는 영향

윤석준,남경표,배귀석,박봉선,장문백,백인기 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 2001 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

The objectives of this experiment were conducted to find out an supplementary effect of the Maecho. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the relative bioavailability of Maecho by determining the change of lactating dairy cows productivity and ruminal fermentation characteristics in summer condition. Ten multiparous Holstein lactation cows (average BW 680㎏) were used, and divided in to 2 groups by the milk production level, each group was allocated. Basal diet was formulated with concentrate and forage sources. Supplementary of the Maecho in everyday 1 ㎏ per cow. Each milk samples were collected into 50ml tubes. Milk yield and Somatic cell count (SCC) measures by TRU-TEST and FOSS4000 treatment before and after. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Supplement of Maecho in feed increased milk yield and milk protein, although decreased milk fat.