다층 분기(分岐)되는 주체와 무너지는 서사 형식

박선경(Park, Sun-Kyoung) 한국현대소설학회 2017 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.66

The study looked at the nature of the change in the structure of the epic structure, which works to change the subject and perception of postmodernism. Investigate a new self-awareness (Talmo Durnism perception) that replaces rational subject perception. The novel Postmodernism, a reflective novel, looked at what format and plot is designed, and the relationship of the narrative structure that works for changes in perception. Denying the rational subject of science and rationality, it pointed to the characteristic of consistent passimism, which suggests the figure and the chronological inevitability of postmodernism. Part of Chois work breaks down past narrative method, he was designing a plot to order the chaos of reality. in terms of meaning or background, the Passimism of the Caoan environment, where the modernistic system has collapsed, has been evolving. The existing narrative structure is not used. The author was not borrowing the intended format and the group past plot, which was intended by the protagonists birth and environment. In addition, the protagonists were powerless to lead the narrative structure, and they could confirm that the real self-reliance of the real reality is also an escape from the language or the narrative structure that constitutes the system. The intent of the pursuit, and the moral ending, is not to be haunted by the custom of past narrative method. They were taking away from the long-standing narrative of self-reliance and morality, which was intended as an insight into the environment. He also pointed out that the characters who grew up in separated families, orphans, grew into natural-oriented self-sufficiency, exposed the discomfort of the system outside of the system, and were consistent with pessimism about system. They pointed out that where they were settled in the system (ending) was not another fictitious artificial territory, but a capital colony that was polarized under capital systems. The author was understanding the decommissioning and passimism of postmodernism by showing the infidelity, desperation, and unequivocal circumstances and emotions. Animal figures also noted the authorsinsight that the environment, culture, and private way of living in the environment, the non-capitalist environment and the anti-ideological nature of the class were not different from the anti-cultural nature of the class. As with animals, they could see the reality of those who were excluded from capital, rational, central- and central-system. The Postmodernistic Reality of Post-Modernist Animal Environment, which is criticized for criticism of rational rationalism and the production system of science and machinery, has established an animal environment for non-capitalist animals.

가압 순산소 연소 연계 CO₂ 석탄 가스화 공정 해석

박소담(Sodam Park),홍종섭(Jongsup Hong),정재용(Jaeyoung Jeong),박경일(Kyoung il Park),박병철(Byeong cheol Park),김동원(Dong won Kim),이규화(Kyu hwa Lee),이은도(Uendo Lee) 한국열환경공학회 2020 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2020 No.춘계

본 연구에서는 연소와 가스화를 위한 복수의 유동층 반응기로 구성된 가압 순산소 연소 기반 복합발전 시스템에 대한 공정해석을 수행하였다. 대상 공정은 가압 순산소 연소로 생성된 고온 연소가스 일부를 가스화제로, 가스화기에서 발생되는 미반응 촤를 연소기 연료로 사용하는 복합공정으로, 두 반응기 사이의 열 및 물질 전달이 매우 중요한 시스템이다. 연소기에서 발생된 배가스 내 고온의 CO₂와 H₂O는 가스화기로 공급되어 각각 Boudouard 반응, 스팀 가스화 반응을 통해 CO와 H₂의 수율에 영향을 준다. 이때 연소 가스는 가스화에 필요한 열원을 공급하는 동시에 가스화제로 이용되므로 가스화기 온도 및 반응물 제어에 큰 영향을 미치며 결과적으로 합성가스의 품질을 좌우한다. 본 연구에서는 상용 공정해석 툴을 활용해 운전인자에 따른 합성가스 생성특성을 파악하고 최적 운전조건 도출을 위한 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 가스화 운전 제어를 위해 연소가스와 함께 산소를 가스화제로 사용하여 합성가스의 조성 및 발열량을 분석하였으며 연소기로 공급되는 미반응 촤의 순환량에 따른 결과를 분석하여 최적 운전조건을 파악하였다.

우울증을 동반한 진폐증 입원환자의 정신병리와 대처방식

박새한(Sae-Han Park),박기창(Ki-Chang Park),안정숙(Joung-Sook Ahn),한윤경(Yun-Kyoung Han),민성호(Seong-Ho Min) 대한사회정신의학회 2005 사회정신의학 Vol.10 No.2

연구목적: 장기간 요양 및 치료를 필요로 하는 진폐증 입원환자에서 우울증 유무에 따른 스트레스 대처방식 및 정신병리의 특성을 알아보 고자 하였다. 방 법: 태백시 소재 산재병원에 1개월 이상 입원중인 진폐증환자 85명을 대상으로 해밀턴 우울평가척도(HAM-D), 간이정신증상척도 (SCL-90-R), 상태-특성 불안척도(STAI), 대처방식척도(Ways of Coping Checklist)를 시행하였으며 대상자들을 해밀턴 우울평가척도(HAM-D)의 18점을 절단점으로 우울증 환자군과 대조군으로 분류해 사회 인구학적 특성, 재원기간, 대처방식의 특성및 정신병리 등을 비교하였다. 결 과: 연구대상 85명 중 22명(25.9%)이 해밀턴 우울평가척도에서 18점 이상으로 우울장애를 시사하였다. 우울증 환자군에서 문제 초점적 대처방식과 대처방식 총점이 낮았으며 나이가 많았고 교육정도가 낮았다. 진폐증 입원환자에게 나타나는 정신병리는 신체 화, 우울, 공포불안, 불안의 순서로 많았다. 결 론: 장기입원 진폐증환자에게는 우울증을 비롯한 정신병리가 많이 나타나는바 치료효율을 높이고 재활을 돕기 위해서는 정신증상을 조사하여 문제 초점적이며 적극적인 대처방식을 함양시키는 정신사회적 치료개입이 필요할 것이다. Objectives:We examined the presumptive association between psychological characteristics and coping style in hospitalized pneumoconiosis patients. Method:Eighty-five hospitalized pneumoconiosis patients were divided into two groups according to their Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAM-D) scores;Group A consisted of twenty-two patients with HAM-D score higher than 18, Group B had sixty-three patients with HAM-D score lower than 18. All of them were interviewed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAM-D) and completed the Symptom Checklist-90 items-Revised(SCL-90-R), the StateTrait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Ways of Coping Checklist. Days of hospital care, socio-demographic data and three evaluation scores were compared between two groups . Results:Twenty-two patients’ HAM-D scores were higher than 18. Group A patients were older and their problem focused coping scores and educational levels were lower. Hospitalized pneumoconiosis patients showed somatization, depression, phobic anxiety and anxiety, in order. Conclusion:In our study, pneumoconiosis patients showed depressive symptoms and inadequate coping strategies.

Chromosome region maintenance 1에 의한 ULK2의 핵 외부로의 이송

박도원경 ( Park Do Won Kyoung ),강상순 ( Sang Sun Kang ) 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2018 과학교육연구논총 Vol.34 No.1

우리의 선행 연구로 ULK2가 PY-NLS를 통해 핵 안으로 이동 할 수 있다는 것이 입증했기 때문에 단백질이 핵에서 세포질로 어떻게 이동 되는지는 자연스러운 질문이다. ULK2에서 NES (Fx_2-4Fx_2-4LxL/I)모티프로 아미노산 서열을 검사했을 때, C terminal domain에서 추정 CRM1 결합 추정 모티프 (³⁸iksinkknlsksqill⁵³)를 확인했다. 따라서 ULK2가 CRM1 과 상호 작용하여 핵 밖으로 이동 하는지 여부를 조사했고 그 결과 CRM1 이 C-terminal domain에서 ULK2의 추정 NES motif mutant (³⁸iksinkknlsksqill⁵³: I51D 돌연변이)를 통해 ULK2 wild type과 CRM1 과 상호 작용을 비교했다. CRM1 과의 ULK2 의 상호 작용은 ULK2의 subcellular localization를 매개하며, 또한 자가소화활성의 억제를 유도한다는 증거를 찾았다. 따라서, 이번 연구로 ULK1 과 구별되는 특성 중 하나인 핵 안 밖으로의 이동에 의한 ULK2 (핵과 세포질 사이의 셔틀 단백질)조절과 활성화에 기반을 둔 분자 메커니즘 존재에 대한 새로운 이론을 제공한다. Uncoordinated Dl-like kinase 2 (ULK2), a member of the serine/threonine kinase family,plays an essential role in the regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells. Because of the role of autophagy in normal cellular homeostasis and multiple diseases, better mechanistic insight into this process may result in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Previously, we reported that a potential NES motif in the N-terminal domain of ULK2 required to import into the nuclear. Here, we present evidence that ULK2 associates with chromosome region maintenance 1(CRM1) tor its export from the nucleus, reverselv. We identified a potential NES motif (³⁸iksinkknlsksqill⁵³) in the S/P space domain of ULK2; this motif is similar to the consensus NES motif (FX_2-3FX_2-3LXL/I). Using a pull-down approach,we observed that ULK2 interacts physically with CRM1 both in vivo and in vitro. Confocal microscopy confirmed the co-localization of ULK2 and CRM1. Localization of ULK2 to the nuclear region was disrupted by mutations in the putative CRM 1-binding motif (³⁸iksinkknlsksqill⁵³a³⁸iksinkkn IsksqDll⁵³; 15 ID). Furthermore, in transient transfection assays, absence of the CRM1 binding site mutant (nuclear localization form) was associated with a substantial decrease in autophagy activity (but decrease in the in vitro serine-phosphorylation) compared with ULK2 wild type. Thus, we suggest that CRM1 interacts with ULK2 through ULK2’s putative NES motif and exports it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm thereby playing a role as a shuttle protein.

『金色夜叉』와『장한몽』호칭어의 대조연구 -이름 호칭을 중심으로-

박효경(Park, Hyo-kyoung),백이연(Baek, Yi-Yiun) 한국일본어학회 2021 日本語學硏究 Vol.- No.68

This study explored the use of names in Ozaki Koyo"s Konjiki Yasha(1897-1902) and its Korean adaptation Janghanmong(1913). It is the social norm in both Japanese and Korean that people avoid calling their superiors by name, and add an honorary suffix such as san or ssi to the name. However, it has been pointed out that they cannot be translated directly due to differences in usage of san and ssi. In this study, we compared san and ssi in the Japanese and Korean novels that were published in the early 20th century when these two suffixes began to be commonly used. These novels also share the same content. As a result, it was found that the names were called differently in each novel despite the same settings shared by these novels. The finding are summarized as follows. Firstly, overall, san tended to be used in more diverse situations than ssi. Secondly, the most frequently called person names were last name without the honorary suffix for Konjiki Yasha and first name without the honorary suffix for Janghanmong. Thirdly, kun which is used among men of the same generation, is rarely found in the Korean adaptation. Fourthly, Japanese address terms varied depending on solidarity, but Korean was more sensitive to power such as age. The honorific suffix san was not translated on the ‘san = ssi’ basis in the adaptation process, but was translated according to the situation and context it was used. It was also suggested that there was a change in the usage of ssi rather than that of san when compared with today"s usage. Follow-up studies are needed to track changes through various literatures.

Bioimpedance 를 이용한 심박출량의 측정 ; 열희석법과의 비교

박경선(Kyoung Sun Park),노태호(Tai Ho Rho),최재철(Jae Chul Choi),전승석(Seung Sok Chon),김종상(Chong Sang Kim),김재형(Jae Hyung Kim),최규보(Kyu Bo Choi),홍순조(Soon Jo Hong) 대한내과학회 1989 대한내과학회지 Vol.36 No.4

N/A Changes in bioimpedance during the cardiac cycle are inversely related to the volume of blood within the heart and great vessels. Estimating cardiac output from changes in the bioimpedance is a safe, painless, and noninvasive alternative which should be useful for repeated bedside determinations in individual patients. Cardiac output determined by the bioimpedance method using NCCOM3® (noninvasive continuous cardiac output monitor) was compared with that of the thermodilution method in 22 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization. Twenty-two patients, 7 males and 15 females ranging in age from 22 to 56 (mean 41.4), had various cardiac diseases. Coronary heart disease was present in 5 and valvular heart disease in 17. The cardiac rhythm was sinus rhythm in 4 and atrial fibrillation in 18. The results were as follows: 1) Bioimpedance provided a noninvasive, continuous and simple method to monitor cardiac output. 2) Cardiac output measured by bioimpedance and the thermodilution method correlated well (r=0.827 as a whole, r=0.902 in those with sinus rhythm). 3) Bioimpedance can be used in the clinical setting when the thermodilution method is not readily feasible and when continuous monitoring of cardiac output is indicated.

신문관의 소년용 잡지가 한국 근대 아동문학에 끼친 영향

박숙경(Park Sook-kyoung) 한국아동청소년문학학회 2007 아동청소년문학연구 Vol.- No.1

What is the condition for the birth of ‘Children’s Literature’ which has been familiar to us? One is the appearance of children readers, and the other condition is found in the establishment of the general view of literature and the literary style which was highly influential to give birth of ‘Modern Literature’. The magazines for boys of the Sinmunkwan, edited and published by Choi Nam Sun with help of Lee Kwang Soo, played important roles in establishing these two preconditions. As the representative magazine at the age of Korean Enlightenment, “Soneon(the Boys)” is one of the origins of Korean Modern Literature. At the same time, the birth of Korean Children’s Literature was possible due to this magazine. As the publisher representing the new age, “Soneon(the Boys)” began to distinguish the adolescent period, and hereby it made it possible to newly acknowledge the childhood period. Also, the stories translated from various languages triggered the publication of Korean stories for young people. However, because the Japanese rule of Korea since 1910 prohibited such publications for the purpose of enlightenment, Choi Nam Sun changed his concern from “Soneon(the Boys)” to the magazines for children. As a result, “Bulgun Geogori(the Red Shirt)” which was launched in January, 1913 was the first magazine written for children, and succeeded in attracting children readers’ attention. “Aidle Boy(The Children’s Magazine)” experimented with various styles of Korean language and it attempted to find modern print-language. Finally, with the help of the genius author, Lee Kwang Soo, “Saebeol(the Morning Star)” published in 1915 recognized the importance of children readers as the main body of readers and utilized “New Korean Literary Style” which had almost reached the standard of the contemporariness. In doing so, half accidentally and half inevitably, it could introduce the works whose literary quality is almost as high as the modern creative children’s stories. They are the first generation of the New Literature. They are not considered as the professional writers of Children’s Literature, but their magazines for boys and girls completed their role to serve as the step stones for introducing the writers of Children’s Literature in the 20s, the first proper literature for children.

숙종대 '자기비첩 자손 사환'에 대한 지배층의 윤리의식 -판결과 법 제정에 미친 영향을 중심으로-

박경 ( Park Kyoung ) 한국사상사학회 2018 韓國思想史學 Vol.0 No.58

이 논문에서는 숙종대 5촌 이상 자기비첩(自己婢妾) 자손의 사환 문제를 둘러싼 지방 관원들의 인식과 문제 제기가 판결과 법 제정으로 이어진 일련의 과정을 조명했다. 이를 통해 조선 후기 사대부들이 그들의 윤리의식을 정치에 반영하던 한 방식을 밝히고자 했다. 조선의 위정자들은 적자손이 자기비첩 소생 및 그 자손을 사환하는 것이 골육을 해치는 비윤리적 행위라는 인식을 가지고 있었다. 이들은 국초부터 이러한 인식을 자기비첩 소생 종량법에 반영했다. 이후 이 법은 천처첩자녀 종량법으로 개편되어 『경국대전』에 수록되었다. 이 법에 의하면 자기비첩 소생은 속신(贖身)할 필요는 없었지만 타인비첩(他人婢妾) 소생과 마찬가지로 보충대에 입역하는 과정을 거쳐야 양인이 될 수 있었다. 그런데 이들은 아버지나 적족(嫡族) 등이 장예원에 고해야 보충대에 입속할 수 있었기 때문에 아버지나 적족의 배려가 없다면 종량할 수 없었다. 이후 1554년(명종 9)의 수교에서는 보충대에 입역하지 못하여 양인 신분을 획득하지 못한 자기비첩 소생과 그 자손 중 4촌까지는 사환하지 못하게 했으나 5촌 이상이 되면 다시 부릴 수 있도록 했다. 그런데 숙종대 초반에 5촌 이상 자기비첩 자손 사환의 비윤리성이 제기되어 여러차례 법 개정이 논의되었다. 논의 결과 결국 1687년(숙종13) 보충대에 누락된 자기비첩 자손을 공천(公賤)으로 삼도록 하는 수교가 반포되었다. 친족을 부리는 '비윤리적' 행위를 막기 위해 재산권을 제한한 것이다. 그런데 이 과정에서 의미있는 현상이 발견된다. 첫째, 자기비첩 자손들이 소송을 제기하고 격쟁(擊錚)까지 하는 등 천인 신분을 벗어나기 위해 적극적으로 노력했다는 사실이 파악된다. 둘째, 많은 지방관들이 자기비첩 자손을 사환하는 것은 조상의 혈속을 해치는 비윤리적 행위라는 당위적인 윤리의식을 가지고 법을 해석하고 적용하여 5촌 이상의 자기비첩 소생을 양인화하는 판결을 내리기까지 했으며, 일부 관찰사들은 이 판결에 동의하거나 조정에 판단을 청하는 장계를 올리기도 했다. 이러한 지방관들의 적극적인 법 해석과 문제 제기는 조정에서의 논의를 촉발시켜 1687년의 수교 반포를 이끌어내었다. 또한 당시 지배층들은 이에 그치지 않고 이러한 윤리의식과 법 해석 방식을 공유하고 확산해가며, 이를 정치에 반영하고자 하는 모습을 보였다. This study examines how local office-holders during Sukong's reign (r. 1674-1720) perceived the issue of taking the offspring removed by five or more degrees of kinship of one's patrilineal ancestor's own slave concubine as domestic servants. It then sheds light on the process by which these elites' critiques came to influence the administration of justice and the establishment of law. In so doing, it reveals one way in which late Joseon elites sought to translate their ethical thinking into political reality. Joseon's political elite considered the act of a legitimate family member's taking as domestic servants the children or direct offspring born of their own slave concubines or those of their patrilineal ancestors to be unethical-an act of "abusing one's own flesh and blood." These elites had since the start of the dynasty ensured that this thinking was reflected in the law releasing from lowborn status the children produced through relations with one's own slave concubines. This law was later revised to become the "Release from Lowborn Status of Children of Lowborn Wives and Concubines Law", and recorded within the Great Code of Administration (『經國大典』). According to this law, purchasing the right (贖身) to the child born of one's own slave concubine was not required; but just as in the case of a child born of another person's slave concubine, the child in question would need be subject to corvee labor through the Auxiliary Unit (補充隊) in order to obtain commoner status. However, under this regime, these children of lowborn wives and concubines were dependent on their fathers or legitimate patrilineal family members to first file a report with the Slave Agency (掌隷院); only then could they report to the Auxiliary Unit for corvee labor. Thus, if their fathers or legitimate patrilineal family members lacked interest in reporting, these children could not be released from lowborn status. A 1554 (Myeongjong 9) royal proclamation forbade the taking as domestic servants of those children or direct offspring within four degrees of kinship born of one's slave concubine who were not sent to the Auxiliary Unit and thus not permitted to obtain commoner status. However, it allowed taking these offspring as domestic servants once five or more degrees of kinship had been reached. Early in Sukjong's reign, however, the ethics of taking as domestic servants direct offspring five or more degrees of kinship removed and born of one's own slave concubine again became an issue, and the question of reforming the laws that governed it underwent successive rounds of debate. Ultimately, a 1687 (Sukjong 13) royal proclamation ordered that the children born of one's own slave concubines but left unreported to the Auxiliary Unit be registered publicly-held lowborns (公賤). In other words, the right to property was restricted in order to prevent the "unethical" acts of taking close relatives as domestic servants. Out of this process came a number of meaningful developments. First, the children in question began initiating lawsuits and even gyeokjaeng (擊錚), taking matters into their own hands in actively attempting to shirk their lowborn status. Second, even when the offspring in question were more than five degrees of kinship removed, many local officials continued to apply a normative ethical framework in which taking as domestic servants the children or direct offspring born of one's slave concubine amounted to the unethical act of harming those within the bloodline of one's ancestors. They continued to interpret and apply the law in this manner, and even issued judgments making these lowborn children commoners. Provincial governors either agreed with these judgments, or submitted them to the court for higher-level consideration. This activist legal interpretation and issue-raising on the part of local officials sparked a debate within the court, ultimately producing the 1687 royal proclamation on the matter. Yet the elites of the time did not stop here; they spread and expanded this view of ethics and manner of interpreting the law.

차량 내비게이션 표본자료를 이용한 통행수요 패턴 분석

박경선(Park, Kyoung Seon),남대식(Nam, Dai Sik),이충식(Lee, Choong Shik),천승훈(Cheon, Seung Hoon),김현명(Kim, Hyun Myung) 대한교통학회 2015 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.73 No.-

현재 교통 계획 및 수요 분석에서 기종점간 통행량 자료(OD matrix)는 필수 요소이다. OD의 추정은 가구통행 실태조사 등의 샘플 조사를 통해 이루어지는데, 비용제약으로 많은 샘플을 확보하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 이에 분석데이터의 정확도에 대한 많은 논쟁이 있어왔다. 이러한 자료상 문제를 극복하기 위해 다양한 연구가 계속되고 있으나 통행자들의 실제 통행수요 패턴을 정확히 반영하지 못하고 있다. 하지만 최근 정보통신 기술이 발전하면서 교통계획 연구에서 활용할 수 있는 차량 내비게이션 자료가 장기간 반복적 으로 수집되고 이를 통해 신뢰성 있는 통행수요의 패턴 분석이 가능해지게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 차량 내비게이션 표본자 료를 이용하여 국가교통데이터베이스 OD의 정확도 평가 및 표본 OD 전수화 기법을 개발하고 통행 수요량 및 통행수요 패턴 분석 을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 시작으로 차량 내비게이션 자료는 향후 교통수요 OD 구축 및 검증 등 다양한 교통계획 분야에서 활용도 가 높아질 것으로 기대된다.

『恒茶飯』 소지 사례집을 통해 본 조선 후기 官의 역할

박경(Park, Kyoung) 한국고전번역원 2022 民族文化 Vol.60 No.-

18세기 말∼19세기 전반 사이에 편찬된 『항다반』 소지 사례집의 성격을 검토하고, 조선 후기 관의 역할에 대해 살펴보았다. 이 소지 사례집은 수령이 자신이 활용하기 위해, 혹은 수령이나 수령을 역임했던 사람이 지방관이나 향리들이 참고하도록 하기 위해 편찬한 것으로 판단된다. 특히 『항다반』에 수록된 소지의 뎨김에는 백성들의 호소 내용에 대한 수령의 판단이 비교적 자세하게 기술되어 있어 편찬자가 추구했던 각 사안별 소지 처리 원칙과 수령의 대민 통치관을 파악할 수 있다. 한편, 이 사례집은 정소자가 소지를 작성하는데 참고하기 위해 활용하기도 했다. 수록된 소지의 청원 및 뎨김 내용에는 이 소지 사례집 편찬자가 상정했던 수령의 역할이 드러난다. ‘풍속 교화’라는 단어로 통칭되는 유교적 질서의 정착과 신분 질서의 보호는 조선시대 대민 통치의 주요 지향점이었다. 이 사례집에서도 반상, 남녀, 장유의 질서를 수호해야 한다는 인식이 반영되어 있다. 양반층뿐 아니라 상민 이하의 계층에서도 남녀유별의 가치를 보호해주어야 한다고 인식했으며, 常漢이 양반을 욕보인 행위만으로 처벌하는 등 신분 질서를 적극적으로 보호했다. 그러나 양반이 상한의 재산권을 침해했을 때, 특히 그들의 생계에 위협을 가했을 때 관에서는 그 피해액을 추심해 주는 등 상한의 재산권을 보호해주는 역할을 했다. 관권으로 재산권을 보호해주는 조치는 사회 구성원 일반을 상대로 제공하는 공공성을 띤 역할이었던 것이다. 한편, 농사철에 임하여 경작자를 바꾸거나 임대한 소를 빼앗아 가 농사를 짓지 못하게 하는 경우 농민의 생계를 위협하는 일로 여겨 소유권을 제한하는 것을 관권 행사의 정도로 여겼다. This study reviews the characteristics of the petition cases in Hangdaban compiled between the late 18th century and the early 19th century, and investigates the role of local government in late Joseon. This petitions(soji: 所志) seem to have been complied by a local governor for his own use or for offering a reference to local officials. In particular, the responses(jaeeum: 題音) to the petitions by local governors in Hangdaban described their judgements to the people’s appeals in detail, providing the principles of handling individual cases of the petitions by the compilers and the local governor’s perspective to rule people. And this collection was used by petitioners who referred it in order to compose one’s petition. Therefore the contents of the petitions and the local governor’s responses in the sojis in the book present the role of a local governor supposed by its compilers. The establishment of the Confucian order and protection of its social class system, summarized with the term ‘edification of customs(風俗敎化)’ were the main agenda to rule people in Joseon. This casebook reflects the perception to protect the orders between noble and lower classes, men and women, and old and young people as well. For example, it was perceived to protect the value of differences between men and women even in the lower classes and the social class system was positively protected by punishing an act to insult a nobleman by that from the lower class. However, when a nobleman impaired the property rights of a humble man, especially, in case of threatening their living, the local government played a role to protect their rights, such as collecting and giving the damaged amounts to the humble man. The measure to protect the property rights with the governmental authority was an act of public role for general members of the society. On the other hand, when a landowner replaced tenant farmers or a cattle owner took the rented cattle away, which resulted in interrupting farming in the seasons, the governmental authority considered them as a threat against farmers’ living, restricted their ownership and punished them.