외교와 미술 : 『조선왕조실록』에 기록된 대명 외교 관련 자료를 중심으로

김홍대(金弘大) 한국미술연구소 2017 美術史論壇 Vol.- No.45

This thesis examines the function and role of art in diplomacy. In diplomacy, art can be categorized into ‘Art as a gift’ and ‘Art as an art’. As ‘Art as a gift’, art was a symbol of peace between the two countries. The handicraft was widely used as a gift from both countries. Ming sent lots of silk and books, and Joseon used to send special handicrafts such as Joseon paper, silk and stone lanterns. As ‘Art as an art’, art was a good medium for relaxing diplomatic relations with diplomats, interacting with culture, and enhancing friendship. Diplomats sometimes drew pictures or created calligraphy, and sometimes enjoied art pieces together. This paper is examining how arts played a role in diplomacy of Joseon Dynasty. This study divided the characteristics of arts into four categories based on the contents recorded in the "Annals of the Joseon Dynasty": First, diplomats of both countries create artworks on the spot; second, that diplomats of Ming dynasty purchase artworks of Joseon; third, someone creates artworks to leave his or her name; and fourth, someone uses artworks for diplomatic activities. Through this categorization, the present study could see how the roles of arts are specifically revealed in the diplomatic process, and trace their significance and values. This is different from the research method and direction in previous studies, which have mainly focused on the types and contents of artwork that expresses foreign-related themes. The present study identified that the diplomacy between Ming and Joseon was unequal.

상업교육(商業敎育)의 현대적조명(現代的照明)과 신사조(新思潮)

김홍대(金弘大) 한국경영교육학회 1987 경영교육연구 Vol.1 No.-

物的 流通管理戰略에 관한 硏究

金弘大 新羅大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.32 No.1

Physical distribution management is an integrated set of activities that deal with managing the movement of products within firms and through marketing channels. Physical distribution management creates time and place utility by the performance of activities to store, transport, handle, and process orders for products. From a marketing standpoint, physical distribution management focuses on integrating the activities of storage, transport, handling, and processing orders for products to minimize costs and provide the level of service desired by customers. Physical distribution management is important in an overall marketing strategy, it can be the decision most visible in the marketing mix. But whatever the role of physical distribution management in the marketing strategy, distribution decisions must be for the physical movement of goods. The essential physical distribution activities are inventory planning and control, transportation, warehousing, materials handling, and communiations and data processing. Marketing managers have different views on what physical distribution really is. A traditional marketing view of physical distribution looks at only the outbound considerations and ignores the physical supply and processing or manufacturing activities. This view typically referred to as physical distribution management, or simply distribution management, fail to consider activities such as inventory policies that often have a great impact on the success of the markting program. A more comprehensive term for all these physical movement and storage activities is business logistics, which covers coordinating the physical movement and storage of parts, raw materials, and finished goods to minimize total cost for a given service level. Inventory planning and control require a systematic approach to determine efficient order points that on the one hand minimize the prossibility of stockouts and on the other avoid having too much capital tied up in inventory. The trend is toward more computer applications in physical distribution because of the availability of low-cost minicomputers and decentralized computer systems within firms.

消費者行動分析을 위한 라이프 스타일에 관한 硏究

金弘大 新羅大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

In this paper I've tried survey the meaning and background of life style for the analysis of consumer behavior, and to study the psychographic segmentation and the system of marketing strategy. A society is made up of people who share the same core beliefs and values. Furthermore, there can be much variation in the secondary beliefs and values that people hold, giving rise to subcultures. They have had different life experiences and face different issues, will exhibit some what different systems of beliefs and values. Those will be reflected in different patterns of consumer wants and behavior. One also finds intergenerational differents in culture stemming from differences in life experiences. A clear expression of different secondary patterns of belief and behavior is seen in life-style groups. A life-Style group is one whose members share similar attitude, interests, and opinions. The persons making up a life-style group are similar in what they like, want, and do. I found that the various life-style groups had somewhat different product, brand, and media preferences. Thus life-style becomes a useful segmentation variable for certain types of markets. I believe that a person's product and brand choices are a key indicator of his or her life style. In psychographic segmentation, buyers are divided into different groups on the basis of life-style or personality differentces. Peoples within the same demographic group can exhibit very different psychographic profiles. Life style refers to the distinctive mode of orientation an individual or a group has toward consumption, work, and play. Marketers are increasingly being drawn to life style segmentation. They are targeting versions of their products to life style groups and studying new-product opportunities arising out of life style analysis.

靑少年消費者의 라이프스타일 類型과 廣告 選好度와의 相關關係에 관한 硏究

김홍대,김미경 新羅大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.35 No.1

The purpose of this study considering the young will play roles as a future consumer group is to present basic data for adman to perform the logical AD activities to the young consumer by showing the preference extent to AD of theirs. This study connected the preference extent to AD by life style of the young with individual consumer and revealed the influence of AD as a factor of purchasing behavior. For the study, students of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade from 10 high schools in Pusan area are randomisely selected and researched their prefering AD content, prefering pattern to AD media, confidence extent to AD media and perceptive extent to AH content. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, life style of the young are divided into society oriented, practical use oriented, self-oriented, tradition oriented, and home oriented styles and verified each hypothesis through crosstabulation. The verification result to the hypothesis on this study is summarized like below. First, the prefering AD content by life style revealed different. And the prefering AD of printed media also revealed different, but revealed they prefer generally AD using cartoon and famous entertainers. Second, media on product information by life style revealed no difference. Third, confidence extent on TV AD by life style shows considerable difference but confidence extent by life style on radio AD, newspaper AD, and magazine AD shown no difference. Fourth, perceptive extent to AD content by life style revealed no difference.

MR 부피측정의 의의와 한계: 정상성인과 해마경화증 간질 환자의 비교

김홍대,장기현,한문희,김현집,이상건,이명철 대한자기공명의과학회 2002 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.6 No.1

목적 해마의 위축(hippocampal atrophy)은 해마경화증(hippocampal sclerosis)의 가장 특징적인 병리학적 소견의 하나로서, 이의 진단하기 위하여 해마의 자기공명(MR) 영상이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 정상성인과 해마경화증 환자에서 해마에 대한 MR부피를 측정하여 해마 경화증의 진단기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 신경학적으로 정상이며 MR 영상에서 뇌실질부위에 이상소견이 없는 정상 성인 30명 (20-46세 , 남자 16명, 여자 14명)을 대상으로 하여 양측해마의 부피를 측정하고 그 분포를 구하였다. 또한 측두엽 간질환자로서 최종진단이 해마경화증으로 판정된 28명의 환자(9-55세, 남자 14명, 여자 14명)를 대상으로 하여 해마부피를 측정한 후 각각의 좌우 차를 구하고 정상분포와 비교하였다. 결과 : 한국성인의 해마의 정상부피의 평균치와 표준편차는 남자가 우측 $2.20{\pm}0.73\textrm{cm}^3$, 좌측 $2.17{\pm}0.72$ $\textrm{cm}^3$ 좌우 차 $0.14{\pm}0.11\textrm{cm}^3이었고$, 여자가 우측이 $2.27{\pm}0.47\textrm{cm}^3$, 좌측이 $2.23{\pm}0.48$ 서울대학교 의과대학 방사선과학교실 좌우 차 $0.19{\pm}0.13\textrm{cm}^3이었다.$ 좌우와 남녀간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 얼었다. 해마경화증 환자에서의 해마의 부피는 전체 해마경화증 환자 군에서 평균과 표준 편차가 $1.46{\pm}0.60\textrm{cm}^3$, 좌우 차 $0.51{\pm}0.41\textrm{cm}^3$ 였으며, 우측 해마경화증 환자 군에서 평균이 $139{\pm}0.58$, $\textrm{cm}^3$, 좌우 차 $0.38{\pm}0.27\textrm{cm}^3$, 좌측 해마경화증 환자 군에서 평균이 $1.56{\pm}0.65\textrm{cm}^3$, 좌우 차 $0.71{\pm}0.52\textrm{cm}^3$ 였다. 해마경화증 환자군과 정상성인군의 부피의 절대치와 좌우 부피 차의 분포를 비교해 본 결과 해마부피분포는 정상 성인군과 해마경화증 환자군 사이에 많은 경우에서 절대치가 중첩되어 해마부피분포의 절대치는 진단기준으로서 유용하지 않았다. 좌우 부피 차 0.4 $\textrm{cm}^3$ 이상을 해마위축의 기준으로 할 때 MR-based volumetry 만의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 0.61, 0.90로 좌우 부피 차 $0.4{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ 이상이 적절한 진단기준으로 생각되었다. $0.4{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ 이상의 좌우 부피차를 보이는 모든 증례에서 육안적으로도 해마위축이 뚜렷이 나타났다. 결론 : MR영상을 이용한 해마의 부피측정은 해마경화증 환자의 진단에 있어 육안적인 MR 진단이 어려운 제한된 경우에만 실제적 도움을 줄 수 있는 보조적인 방법으로 생각된다. Purpose : Hippocampal atrophy is one of the characteristic pathologic findings of hippocampal sclerosis, for which MR imaging of the hippocampus is essential in the evaluation of hippocampal sclerosis. The purpose of this study is to present the normal MR volumetric data of the hippocampus in normal adult Korean and to compare those with MR volumetric data of hippocampus in patients with hippocampal s-clerosis, providing the diagnostic volume criteria of the hippocampal atrophy. Materials and methods : MR volumetry was performed in 30 normal adults and 28 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy whose final diagnosis was hippocampal sclerosis. The volumetric data were compared between sexes, right and left sides, and normal and abnormal hippocampus, and the volume criteria for the diagnosis of hippocampal atrophy was determined. Results : The mean $volumes({\pm}standard$ deviation) of normal Korean adult were $2.20{\pm}0.73\textrm{cm}^3$ (right) and $2.17{\pm}0.72\textrm{cm}^3$ (left) in male and $2.27{\pm}0.47{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ (right) and $2.23{\pm}0.48\textrm{cm}^3$ (left) in female. The mean right-left differences were $0.14{\pm}0.11\textrm{cm}^3$ and $0.19{\pm}0.13\textrm{cm}^3$ in male and female, respectively. The MR volumetry showed no significant statistical differences between sexes and between right and left. The mean volume and standard deviation of the hippocampus in hippocampal sclerosis patients was $1.46{\pm}0.60{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$, and the right-left difference was $0.51{\pm}0.41\textrm{cm}^3$, In comparison of two volume distributions between normal adult group and hippocampal sclerosis patients group, the reasonable diagnostic volume criteria was $0.4{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$ as right-left volume difference, in which the sensitivity and specificity are 0.61 and 0.90. In all patients with right-left volume difference more than $0.4{\;}\textrm{cm}^3$, visual determination of unilateral hippocampal atrophy was possible. Conclusion : The MR-based hippocampal volumetry is a useful add-on of visual MR diagnosis, only when visual diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis is difficult.

自動車 3社의 消費者行動에 관한 硏究 : 스텐톤 모델을 중심으로 A Structural Approach to the Stanton Model

金弘大 新羅大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

This paper aims to explain consumer behavior for the three company:HYUNDAI, DAEWOO and KIA. This paper has dicussed consumer behavior based on a structural approach to the Stanton model. It has summarized theoretical support for the model and has evaluated its application in a marketing decision environemnt. The results of this research suggest that this model is conceptually sound and managerially useful. Application of the model provides detailed data for determining market position and designing strategy to modify that position. We would want to understand cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors that operate in her life. Cultural factors include the culture from whcih she comes, her subculture identifications and her social class. Social factors include the influence of other people in her life, particularly her reference groups, family, and roles and statuses. Personal characteristics life style, and personality. Finally, psychological characteristics include her motivation, perceptions, attitudes and beliefs, and learning. The company's task is to work hard to get its brand included in the buyer's awareness set and to remain in the successive lonsideration and choice set. The marketer must research the other brands that are likely to be include and the criteria used by the buyer as she moves to successively smaller sets in making her decision. We believe that a variety of theoretical and analytic models in the marketing literature can and do help managers make better decisions. The informed manager selects those models and measurements that are right for the specific circumstances of the managerial problem being examined.

근대전기 상업교과목의 변천사적 고찰

김홍대 신라대학교 교육과학연구소 1999 교육과학연구 Vol.- No.4

부스 컨텐츠 연동을 통한 메타버스 전시공간 구축

김홍대(Hong Dae Kim),임광혁(Kwang-Hyuk Im),김석훈(Seokhun Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2023 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1

충주ㆍ중원지역 관광공예품 개발에 관한 연구

김홍대,주예경,곽태영,강재진 한국공예학회 1999 조형디자인연구 Vol.2 No.1

The objective of this project is to develop excellent tourist craftworks that can effectively represent characteristics of the local culture of Joongwon province. For the production of tourist souveniors with useful function, various shapes and popularity, four coworkers have designed and produced craftworks after researching individually in the area's tourist circumstances. Since long before Joongwon province has been a famous tourist place with its surrounding mountains, the Choongju Lake and the tourist industry of the area. To draw more tourists to this province, and to activate the local tourist industry, the development of excellent tourist crafts that can be gaining general currency is a very important job. Thus this study aims at recognizing the problems of tourist souveniors with low quality now having an extensive currency in general tourist area, and also at developing superior tourist craftworks with characteristics of tourism and the local culture. On the basis of motifs that have been various tastes and prices by adopting an effective method of production and material selection.