수학사적 관점에서 오일러 및 베르누이 수와 리만 제타함수에 관한 탐구

김태균,장이채,Kim, Tae-Kyun,Jang, Lee-Chae 한국수학사학회 2007 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.20 No.4

베르누이가 처음으로 자연수 k에 대하여 합 $S_n(k)=\sum_{{\iota}=1}^n\;{\iota}^k$에 관한 공식들을 유도하는 방법을 발견하였다([4]). 그 이후, 리만 제타함수와 관련된 베르누이 수와 오일러 수에 관한 성질들이 연구되어왔다. 최근에 김태균은 $\mathbb{Z}_p$상에서 p-진 q-적분과 관련된 확장된 q-베르누이 수와 q-오일러 수, 연속된 q-정수의 멱수의 합에 관한 성질들을 밝혔다. 본 논문에서는 연속된 q-정수의 멱수의 합에 관한 역사적 배경과 발달과정을 고찰하고, 오일러 및 베르누이 수와 관련된 리만 제타함수가 해석적 함수로써 값을 가지는 문제를 q-확장된 부분의 이론으로 연구되어온 q-오일러 제타함수에 대해 체계적으로 논의한다. J. Bernoulli first discovered the method which one can produce those formulae for the sum $S_n(k)=\sum_{{\iota}=1}^n\;{\iota}^k$ for any natural numbers k. After then, there has been increasing interest in Bernoulli and Euler numbers associated with Riemann zeta functions. Recently, Kim have been studied extended q-Bernoulli numbers and q-Euler numbers associated with p-adic q-integral on $\mathbb{Z}_p$, and sums of powers of consecutive q-integers, etc. In this paper, we investigate for the historical background and evolution process of the sums of powers of consecutive q-integers and discuss for Euler zeta functions subjects which are studying related to these areas in the recent.

기계적 자극에 대한 백서 치주인대 섬유아세포의 변화

김태균,김창성,조규성,채중규,김종관,최성호,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Kim, Chang-Sung,Cho, Kyoo-Sung,Chai, Jung-Kiu,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho 대한치주과학회 2001 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.31 No.2

Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and subsequent loss and/or damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as bone, cementum,and periodontal ligament. Periodontal ligament and cementum are the key tissues in the initial process of regeneration following periodontal disease. Therefore, studies on cementoblasts, which form cementum are emphasized. It is still unclear which cells cementoblast differentiate from. This study was conducted under the hypothesis that PDL fibroblast can differentiate into either cementoblast or osteoblast depending on the conditions of surrounding tissue. Clinically, with excessive traction force of orthodontic appliances or excessive occlusion hypercementosis is observed, and this has been confirmed histologically. Consequently, activation of cementoblast can be expected in rats when mechanical stimuli are given to PDL fibroblast. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to prove that PDL fibroblast differentiates into cementoblast in rats under mechanical stimuli using histologic and molecular methods. In this study, twenty rats were given hard diet. Ten of them were sacrificed after 1 week, and the others were sacrificed after two weeks. Slides were made from tooth specimen, and they were studied under the microscope. In addition, PDL fibroblast and cementum from the extracted teeth were analyzed with Northern blotting. In histologic examination, as time passed, PDL fibroblast migrated to the dentin side, differentiated into cementoblast, and formed new cementum. In Northern blotting, it was found that mRNA expression of cementoblast-specific proteins such as BSP, OC, OPN, and type I collagen were more prominent in rats sacrificed after 2 weeks of hard-diet than rats sacrificed after 1 week. From these findings we can conclude that PDL fibroblast can differentiate into cementoblast under mechanical stimuli. We think that 'Rat Models' used in this study will be beneficial to future studies regarding cementoblast.

단계적 택지개발사업에 따른 신교통시스템 적정 도입방안 분석

김태균,이윤상,정연우,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Lee, Yun-Sang,Jeong, Yeun-Woo 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2016 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.7 No.3

최근 들어 택지개발의 방식은 사회 경제적 여건변화로 인해 과거의 일괄개발에서 단계적 개발로 패러다임이 전환되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 신교통시스템과 같은 대규모 교통시설의 도입은 과거의 일괄개발에 의한 도입방식을 유지하고 있다. 그 결과 신교통시스템은 친환경적인 시스템임에도 불구하고 높은 도입비용으로 계획단계에서 무산되거나 완공된다 하더라도 적자경영을 면치 못하고 있다. 이는 시스템 도입시 지역특성을 반영하지 못한 이유도 있으나, 단계적 개발방식에 대응하지 못한 이유도 크다. 따라서 보다 합리적인 신교통시스템 도입을 위해서는 기존의 일괄도입 방식이 아닌 택지개발의 단계적 개발방식에 상응하는 도입방식이 모색되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 택지개발사업지구가 단계적 개발로 이뤄질 것을 가정하여 일괄 도입과 단계적 도입에 따른 편익 및 경제성 분석을 통해 단계적 도입의 필요성을 제시하고자 하였다. 그 결과 단계적 도입이 일괄 도입에 비해 30% 이상의 B/C 상승효과를 보여 경제성이 개선되는 것으로 나타났으며, 현행의 일괄 개발방식에서의 일괄 도입과 비교하더라도 B/C 개선효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. Recently, the paradigm of land development has been transformed from the joint development to the step-by-step development due to changes in socio-economic conditions. Nevertheless, the introduction of large-scale transportation facilities such as new transportation system tends to employ the joint development. Although new transportation system is eco-friendly, it occasionally fails at the beginning of the project because of high installation cost. Such phenomenon is caused by not only the system did not reflect the local characteristics but also did not respond to the step-by-step development. Accordingly, in order to introduce transportation system rationally, introducing new methods corresponding to the step-by-step development should be sought. In this study, we assumed that large-scaled land development site be achieved step-by-step development. and suggested the need for a phased introduction through benefit-cost analysis. The findings illustrated that the phased introduction shows economic efficiency with 30% increase of B/C compared to the bulk introduction. It also demonstrates that the bulk introduction under step-by-step development is more efficient than the bulk introduction under joint development.

지역 및 기능적 특성을 고려한 복합환승시설 유형분류

김태균,이삼수,변완희,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Lee, Sam-Su,Byun, Wan-Hee 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2013 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.4 No.1

In recent years, it was recognized that aurban policy paradigm of sustainable urban growth management and transportation policies have been shifted : from the era of automobile-oriented policy to the era of public transport policy. Against this backdrop, the introduction of the multi-modal transfer center is very consequential. Therefore, it is necessary for the introduction of wide-area and local-centric transfer facilities, as well as the center of the country-led national backbone transfer center. This study was applicable at the multi-modal transfer center plans to introduce guidelines to provide transit facilities, considering the regional and functional characteristics to classify the types of multi-modal transfer center. The final types of multi-modal transfer center were classified into six, and by considering the combination of the criteria to be classified. The multi-modal transfer center type classification based on the case analysis of the types of facilities at domestic and abroad. If the data of multi-modal transfer are accumulated continuously, can expect a more reliable type classification. 최근 도시의 정책적 패러다임이 지속가능한 도시성장관리 중심으로 전환됨에 따라 교통정책도 승용차중심에서 대중교통중심으로 정책변화가 요구되고 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 복합환승센터의 도입은 매우 필연적이라고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 국가에서 주도하는 국가기간망중심의 환승센터 뿐 만 아니라 광역 및 지역중심의 환승시설에 대한 도입도 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 효과적인 복합환승시설 도입을 위해 다양한 지역적 특성(영향권, 입지위치, 도시규모, 도시기능)과 환승시설기능(환승공간 이용방법, 연계교통수단)을 고려하여 66개의 사례를 유형화하였다. 또한 통계적인 유의성 검정을 통해 영향권-연계교통수단-도시기능조합과 도시규모-입지위치조합의 2가지 복합화된 유형을 제시하였다. 유형분류를 이용한 기존의 66개 사례지역을 정리해 본 결과 국내외 모두 비교적 규모가 큰 대도시를 중심으로 지역간 연계를 기반으로 하는 복합환승시설이 주류를 이루고 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 향후 복합환승시설에 대한 자료가 지속적으로 축적되어질 경우 좀 더 신뢰성이 높은 유형분류의 결과를 기대해 본다.

대규모 택지개발지구내 신교통시스템 도입효과 분석

김태균,장인석,이영훈,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Chang, In-Seok,Lee, Young-Hoon 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2010 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.1 No.1

이 연구는 신도시 및 대규모 택지개발 지구내 신교통 시스템을 도입함으로써 예상되어지는 효과를 분석하고, 이에 대한 적용 가이드라인을 제시한 것이다. 이를 위해 각 신교통 시스템 및 유형별 복합카테고리를 설정하여 지역적 특성을 반영하고자 하였으며, 신교통 시스템 도입이 기존의 대중교통체계 및 간선도로를 대체함으로써 발생되어지는 사회적 편익을 산출하였다. 분석결과, 신교통시스템 도입은 교통혼잡비용 감소, 탄소저감, 각 지자체의 친환경적 정책 입안에 뚜렷하게 기여할 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그러나 신교통시스템의 이러한 장점에도 불구하고 이 연구에서는 신교통시스템을 도입하고자 하는 지자체에서는 무엇보다도 지역여건에 부합하는 신교통 시스템 유형을 선별하는 것이 중요함을 강조하고 있다. 특히 지자체의 무분별한 신교통시스템 도입은 대규모 택지개발사업에 의한 분양가 상승으로 이어질 가능성이 매우 높기 때문이다. This study is evaluating that new hi-tech transit systems each type of function and introduce applicable guideline decreases land sale price in New town and Large scale land development projects. For this, use the look-up table through the composite category of each type of system at the functional types, local characteristics. It also, As introduce the new systems calculate the Social benefits such as altered public traffic transfer system, reduced transit time and reduced carbon emission considering the three-dimensional arterial roads. As a result, New transportation systems contribute that the more reducing traffic congestion and air pollution and municipalities seeks for environment-friendly policy. However, this paper emphasize that the new transportation system has been introduce without considering the characteristics of locality and the efficient arrangement of them, it cannot be transferred the to the existing public traffic efficiently, futhermore causes the sale price in new large scale land development projects.

택지조성원가와 발생원가의 오차에 관한 실증연구 : 택지개발사업지구를 중심으로

김태균,장인석,이덕복,김옥연,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Chang, In-Seok,Lee, Duck-Bok,Kim, Ok-Yon 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2012 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.3 No.1

현행 우리나라 택지조성원가 산정체계는 택지조성과정에서 준공이전에 추정한 조성원가와 조성과정에서 돌발적으로 발생하는 변동요인이 고려된 준공시의 발생원가로 구분된다. 따라서 두 원가사이에 발생되는 격차로 인해 분양가격에 영향을 미치는 발생원가는 산정체계에 대한 문제점을 지적 받아오고 있으므로 발생원가의 객관성을 높이기 위해서는 예측가능한 돌발상황에 대해 조성원가 산정시 반영되는 방안이 모색되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 조성원가와 발생원가 사이에 발생되는 격차율 가운데 예측이 가능한 규모를 유효격차율로 정의하고 각 사업지구의 다양한 특성을 고려한 유효격차율을 추정하고자하였다. 따라서 각 사업지구의 다양한 특성을 유형으로 분류하기 위해 5개의 주제별 카테고리를 설정하고, 카테고리들을 복합화한 복합카테고리를 이용하여 유효격차율을 추정하고자 하였으며 추정모형 검정결과 신뢰성이 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 지속적인 자료축척으로 안정화된 추정모형의 유효격차율이 조성원가에 반영되었을 경우 발생원가와의 격차해소에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. The current land development cost price system is classified as the creating land by construction price and composition changes that occur sporadically in the process of completion at the source of the factors by incurred cost price. Housing for land cost price system is a lack of objectivity which scheme of the such a gap due to the land in accordance construction and incurred cost price system so far. Therefore, in order to increase the objectivity of costing the costing of predictable surprises should be reflected in the process. Under such a background, this study defined the effective differential ratio as the predictable, estimated them for various characteristics of each business district to reflect. For this, set the properties category of five types to attributes and making the complex category and Look-up table. Which result of model validation is showed a high reliability. Therefore, Continuous accumulation of material in the future, when them to reflect the construction cost, will contribute to the bridge the gap the construction cost between incurred them.

간선시설 설치비용의 합리적 분담분 추정 : 택지개발사업시 조성되는 도로시설을 중심으로

김태균,최대식,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Choi, Dae-Sik 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2012 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.3 No.3

택지개발사업비에서 간선시설 설치 비용이 차지하는 비중은 상당히 높으나, 부과의 행정적 편의상 일정규모 이상의 사업시행자가 부담하는 경향이 크다. 이로 인해 주변 기성시가지 및 소규모 택지개발사업지구에서 설치된 간선시설에 무임승차하게 되는 경우가 빈번하여 분담의 형평성 및 개발이익의 사유화 문제를 노정하고 있다. 이 연구는 대규모 택지개발사업에서 설치되는 도로시설의 무임승차를 파악하기 위한 방법론을 정립하고 실증분석하여, 합리적인 간선시설 비용분담을 위한 합리적 근거를 제시한다. 실증분석을 위한 사례지구로 부천상동택지지구를 선정하였다. 부천상동지구에 의한 교통유발을 도출하기 위해 개발시나리오를 설정하였으며, 교통네트워크 분석을 사용하여 간선시설을 이용하는 교통량, 통행시간, 통행비용을 시나리오별로 산출하였다. 그 결과, 부천상동택지지구 주요 간선시설 중 당해 지구가 부담해야 할 비율은 전체의 83% 정도로 분석되었다. 이 연구의 방법론과 결과는 향후 개발사업에서 간선시설 설치를 위한 비용의 부담주체와 부담정도를 설정하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. Although infrastructure cost comprises the great proportion of residential development cost, all of it tends to be borne by land developers which develop large area. This brings about free-riding by adjacent small development or built-up area, followed by the equity problem in terms of infrastructure development cost sharing and the privatization of development gain. This study aims to establish the method to analyze free-riding on the transportation infrastructure(roads) and investigate empirically how much the free-riding occurs. It sets several development scenarios to calculate the part generated by Bucheon Sangdong district, the case area of this study, of all the traffic flow on the roads. The Network analysis is used to estimate the proportion, by development scenarios, of traffic flow, travel time, and travel cost. As a result, the developer of Bucheon Sangdong district is responsible for 83% of the construction cost of selected roads. The methodology and empirical result of this study would contribute to determine who are liable for the infrastructure facilitation and to estimate how much of the cost the obligators have to share.

노외주차장 특성이 주차장 운영여부에 미치는 영향분석 : 택지사업지구를 중심으로

김태균,변완희,이윤상,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Byun, Wan-Hee,Lee, Yun-Sang 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2017 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.8 No.3

Automobiles and parking lots have greatly been increased by the continuous development of new towns and residential districts. There were not enough parking lots; and although there were off-street parking lots available for sale, they were not easily sold. Through a parking regulation, local governments can require parking spaces for more than a certain rate in developing areas. Despite local governments should require parking spaces within the parking demand and regulation, they did not investigate parking demands. Off-street parking spaces are not easy to sell because they don't consider the parking demand. In this study, we analyzed the factors that affect the parking management in order to increase sales of the off-street parking. The factors were "the characteristics of the parking lots", "the accessibility of the off-street parking", and "the traffic environment around off-street parking." We have derived suggestions for these factors. In addition, this study has derived nine variables affecting the parking operation in these three factors, and suggested a logistic regression model and the influence of each factors. According to the analysis, "parking signs" were the most influential. Next were "land uses" and "lanes on road".

행정중심복합도시 대중교통 이용활성화를 위한 수요탄력성 분석

김태균,박지은,이윤상,Kim, Tae-Gyun,Park, Ji-Eun,Lee, Yun-Sang 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2018 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.9 No.3

Administrative city has been developed step by step aiming to being a public transport-oriented new city. In spite of its primary goal, administrative city is dominated by car-oriented tansportaion system because the supply of public transportation has not been adequately and timely performed. In this study, we investigate the current situation related to (public) transportation use in administrative city. Also, we examine the issues of traffic system through a survey on residents' consciousness about public transportation use. Additionally, the analysis of demand elasticity according to the change of the conditions of using public transportation and passenger car is conducted for passenger car users. As a result, it is analyzed that as the neighborhood is more stabilized after the completion of development the resistance to the abandonment of passenger car is higher when the tide demand control method is introduced. Therefore, it is concluded that pre-emptive public transportation supply and the management of car demand management are necessary for the activation of public transportation in Administrative city.

조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 활용한 개발사업지구 내 유휴부지 유료주차장 활용방안 연구

김태균,박지은,윤정란,Kim, Tae Gyun,Park, Ji Eun,Yun, Jeong Ran 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2019 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.10 No.3

In this study, the author suggests utilizing unsold and unused land as temporary commercial parking lots as a way to raise funds for active public transport use. In addition, reasonable parking fee scheme is suggested by estimating marginal parking fee and marginal parking distance for the commercial parking lots based on the CVM. The author conducts a survey to investigate citizens' opinion on utilizing unsold and unused land in the urban development project area as temporary commercial transport facilities such as parking lots. Based on survey outcome, travel behavior and requirements are analyzed and marginal parking fee and marginal parking distance are estimated through the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results are as follows: in the single-bounded dichotomous choice model, people are willing to pay 216 KRW for 165m in average for 10 minutes and their willingness to pay goes down against reaching distance to the parking lots from 365 KRW for 50m, 295 KRW for 100m, 173 KRW for 200m, and 51 KRW for 300m; in the double-bounded dichotomous choice model, people are willing to pay 285 KRW for 165m in average for 10 minutes and their willingness to pay goes down as well against reaching distance to the parking lots from 310 KRW for 50m, 297 KRW for 100m, 272 KRW for 200m and 248 KRW for 300m. It is clearly appeared that people's willingness to pay goes higher as distance to reach the parking lots goes shorter.