1930~1950년대 한국의 모자상 : 젖먹이는 이미지를 중심으로

金伊順(Kim Yisoon) 미술사연구회 2006 미술사연구 Vol.- No.20

This study aims at exploring social expectations toward women focusing on the image of breastfeeding from the 1930s to the 1950s. There are many statues of mother and child around us. While the history of the image in the West originated from the ancient Egypt, the history in Korea is not long. As it emerged in official art exhibitions such as the Joseon Art Exhibition in the 1930s, when the Western arts took root in the Korean arts circle, the image came to represent one of the images of women. As the image of the mother and child was a popular theme in the Japanese arts circle, we cannot overlook its impact on the Korean arts. However, the image reveals the motherhood ideology demanded for women during the Japanese colony. In particular, the image of the mother breastfeeding her child, popular in all times and places, is the image of fixing a woman as a mother, which can be seen from a negative perspective as it limits women’s role as giving a birth to and raising children. However, this study does not intend to interpret the image of mother and child by applying the general theory on the motherhood but to identify the background for its creation and distribution in Korea by considering circumstances from the 1930s to the 1950s. The images of the mother breastfeeding her child, produced during the Japanese colony, gained attention from scholars, as they represented the role of women in the colonial period. In particular, the images produced in the late 1930s were interpreted as arts reflecting the political background at the time, or an image of the ‘patriotic mother’ who gave a birth to and raise healthy children who were required to fight in a war during the colonial period. Different from such a perspective, the image is interpreted, in this study, as an image of emphasizing the motherhood with sacrifice, devotion, and affection, which the nation demanded for women against the ‘abnormal’ national situation caused by the Japanese colony. This study starts with a brief description of the meaning of the image of breastfeeding in the Western arts based on the times, and the origin of the image of mother and child in Korea is discussed with its production and background. Then, the image in the 1930s and 1940s is explored, which is classified into two groups: one representing low-income families and the other representing middle-income families. In particular, the image of the mother breastfeeding her child in the second category is interpreted as reflecting the characteristics of the period, which became conservative with the worsening condition of the Japanese colony. In the exploration of the image of the mother breastfeeding her child in the 1950s, the focus is on which areas it is similar to or different from that in the 1930s and 1940s. Also, this study proves that motherhood ideology, formed in the ‘abnormal period’ from the 1930s to the 1950s, is still effective by exploring the image of the mother and child, which was the most popular theme for the section of sculptures in the Grand Art Exhibition of Korea in the 1960s and 1970s, and which we often see in front of public space.

부산지역 양호교사의 업무분석에 관한 연구

김이순,김복용,Kim, Lee-Sun,Kim, Bok-Yong 한국지역사회간호학회 1989 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find out the general characteristics of school health teachers, the status of school health resources and the degrees of self-confident performance for the 124 school health teachers in Pusan City. Data was collected by means of questionaires from Aug. 1986 to Mar. 1987. The data were analyzed by use of percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson-correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1 . General Characteristics of School Health Teachers (SHT) 1) The average of age of the SHT was 32.8 years old and 39.5% of them were from 30 to 34 years old. 2) The average for school nursing experience of the SHT was 7.9 years and 37.9% of them were from 5 to 9 years. 3) The 45.2% of them have not the clinical experience. 4) The 74.2% of them were graduated from the 3 years college of nursing. 2. Status of school health resources and nursing activities. 1) The average of student number was 2497.3 and class number was 45.2. 2) The average of school health budget was 1039000 won and 27.7% of school health budget expended on examination cost. 3) Only 29.0% of all schools have organization for school health. 4) The 84.7% of all schools have health clinic separately and 69.1% of schools have less than $33m^2$ sized. 5) The average of clinic visitor number was 2111.8 for 1 year. 6) Major problem was on digestive system. And other problems were skin, respiratory, musculo-skeletal system and dental problem. 7) The number of literal message was 14.4 times for 1 year. 3. The degree of the school health teachers' self-confidence. The school health teachers' self-confidence was deviced into 6 and the maximum degree was 4. 1) Program planning & evaluation; 2.8 2) Clinic management; 2.9 3) Health education, 3.0 4) Management of school environment; 2.7 5) Health care services; 2.7 6) Operating of school health organization; 2.4 4. Significances to the degree of self-confidence on school health nursing activities. 1) There was significant difference between clinical management and Religion (t=2.15 p<.05) 2) There was significant difference between Operating of school health organization and level of school (F=3.588 p<.05) 3) Program planning & evaluation: expending time for clinical management (r=-0.184 p<.05) expending time for health care services (r=0.273 p<.01) 4) Clinical management: use of separate health clinic (r=0.151 p<.05) 5) Health education: use of separate health clinic (r=0.170 p<0.5) 6) Health care services: No. of student (r=-0.144 p<0.5) No. of class (r=-0.160 p<.05) 5. The degree of the school health teachers' self-discipline. The school health teachers' self-discipline was devided into 2 and the maximum degree was 2. 1) Program planning & evaluation:1.8 2) Clinic management: 1.9 3) Health education: 1.9 4) Management of school environment: 1.7 5) Health care services: 1.8 6) Operating of school health organization.: 1.3 6. Significances to the degree of self-discipline on school health nursing activities 1) Program planning & evaluation; Level of nursing education (F=4.309 p<.01) 2) Clinical management: Level of nursing education (F=3.587 p<.05) 3) Operating of school health organization: School health organization (t=-2.68 p<.01) 4) Health care services: School health organization (t=2,58 p<.05) 5) School health performance: School health organization (t=2.32 p<.05) 6) Program planning & evaluation: School health experience (r=0.239 p<.01) Expending time for program planning & evaluation (r=-0.172 p<.05) 7) Clinic management: School health experience (r=0.249 p<.01) Expending time for dinic management (r=0.181 p<.05) No. of student (r=-0.158 p<.05) Expending time of program planning & evaluation (r=-0.199 p<0.5) 8) Health education: School health experience (r=0.234 p<0.1) Expending time of program planning & evaluation (r=-0.193 p<.05) 9) Management of school environment: Age of school health teacher (r=0.142 p<.05) School health experience (r=0.

『세종실록』의 후릉(厚陵) 산릉제도 기록에 대한 고찰

김이순(Kim, Yi-Soon) 한국학중앙연구원 2013 한국학 Vol.36 No.1

기공(氣功)이 유방절제술을 받은 여성의 건강증진에 미치는 영향

김이순,김경철,곽이섭,이해웅,Kim, Yi-Soon,Kim, Gyeong-Cheol,Kwak, Yi-Sub,Lee, Hai-Woong 대한예방한의학회 2010 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Objective : Qigong has been reported as an effective for post-mastectomy women. It consists of a series of postures combined with slow, smooth, graceful movements, and is considered a low intensity exercise. In this study, a specialist of Qigong developed a Qigong program for post-mastectomy women in a community. The object of this research is to evaluate the effect of Qigong on a subjective symptom scale, on the grade of discomfort and pain in everyday life, BMI, fat(%), muscular strength, shoulder joint movement, in post-mastectomy women. Methods : The study used a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. The experimental group received a Qigong 3 times a week for 12 weeks from September 7th to December 28th in 2009. The subjects were 40 patients are divided into 25 persons in experimental groups and 15 persons in contrastive group. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test. A P-value less than .05 was considered significant by 2-tailed test. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS win(ver 12.0). Results : The results were as follows : The score in the subjective symptom(p=.040), and score of anxiety (p=.024), fat(%)(p=.007) were significantly decreased after Qigong program. The values for shoulder flexibility (left : p=.010, right : p=.008), and Muscular strength(grip power)(left : p=.021, right : p=.029) significantly increased after Qigong program. And Flexion(left ; p=.029), Extension(left : p=.001, right : p=.038), Adduction(left ; p=.001, right ; p<0.001) were also significantly increased after Qigong Conclusions : The Qigong is an effective health promotion program for post-mastectomy women.

역설과 저항의 미학 - 이승택의 ‘비조각’ -

김이순 ( Kim Yisoon ) 한국영상미디어협회 예술과미디어학회 2020 예술과 미디어 Vol.19 No.2

이 글은 조각가 이승택의 ‘비조각’을 재료, 기법, 개념의 측면에서 고찰한 것이다. 일찍이 기성의 것에 대한 저항의식을 갖고 있던 이승택은 조각개념에 거스르는 작업을 했고 이를 ‘비조각’으로 통칭했다. 최근 미술계에서는 이승택에 주목하여 그의 평면작업이나 퍼포먼스조차도 ‘비조각’으로 설명하고 있다. 그러나 작가 스스로 ‘비조각’을 ‘조각이 아닌 조각’이라고 설명했기 때문에 그의 ‘비조각’을 ‘조각’ 장르의 차원에서 논의할 필요가 있다. 본고에서는 이승택의 ‘비조각’ 작품을 통해 그가 어떻게 ‘조각’ 개념을 해체하면서 전위성을 모색했는지를 살펴본다. 이승택은 오지, 유리, 비닐, 바람, 불과 같은 뜻밖의 재료로 ‘비조각’을 구현했다. 그중에서도 가장 획기적인 표현재료는 바람과 불 같이 비가시적이거나 유동적인 물질인데, 자신의 작품에 기름을 붓고 불을 질러 태워 없애는 <분신행위>에서는 피어오르는 불꽃과 연기, 그리고 열기, 소리, 냄새까지 작품에 포함시켰다. 기법적으로는 조각작품을 살붙이기나 깎기가 아닌 ‘묶기’의 방법으로 제작했으며, 나아가 미술작품은 미술관에서 영원히 보존되어야 한다는 개념을 거부했다. 1958년 대학졸업전에 출품한 <역사와 시간>에서는 표면에 가시철망을 감은 작품을 출품하였고, 그 이후 여성 인체, 도자기, 화강암 덩어리, 나뭇가지, 각목, 파이프, 책, 캔버스, 지폐, 헌옷 등을 실제로 혹은 착시적으로 감거나 묶는 방식으로 사물의 물성에 대한 반전을 보여줌으로써 인간의 시각, 즉 눈으로 보는 것에 대한 믿음에 대한 존재론적(存在論的)인 물음을 던졌다. ‘비조각’의 양상은 이승택이 일찍부터 주력했던 영역인 사진 작업에서도 찾을 수 있다. 그는 자신의 실험적인 작품을 기록하기 위해 사진을 촬영했으며, 때로는 특정 장소나 소재를 선택하여 촬영하기도 했다. 후자의 경우, 뒤샹이 소변기를 선택하여 서명하고 전시회에 출품함으로써 기성의 소변기를 자신의 작품으로 만들었듯이, 제작 과정이 거의 없거나 약간의 개입만으로 대상을 작품으로 만들었다는 점에서 이를 ‘장소적 레디메이드’라고 할 수 있으며 개념적으로 ‘비조각’을 실현한 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 이승택은 ‘비조각’이라는, 고정된 형태가 없는 조각을 제작했고, 나아가 소리, 냄새 같은 비가시적인 요소까지 조각에 담았으며, 이런 작업을 통해 우리의 감각과 상식에 충격을 가하면서 우리의 인식을 확장했다. This paper examines Lee Seung-taek’s ‘non-sculpture’ in terms of materials, techniques, and concepts. Lee sought for new materials in all respects, and he represented ‘non-sculpture’ with unexpected materials. One of the most innovative materials was fire from Self-Burning Performance in 1989. It was a kind of performance art which burns and destroys Lee’s self-portraits along with his other own work, known as ‘the other self.’ A flame, smoke, heat, sound, and smell were the elements that formed while he poured gas over and set a fire on his own work. In the end, it is Lee’s resistance of the conventional system or notion that artwork should be preserved permanently in art museums. Lee has been producing sculptures mainly by tying rather than carving or modeling. In 1958 Lee presented his work, History and Time with barbed wires, wrapped around the surface. Then he used female body, earthenware, book, canvas, bill, old clothing and more to bind, and they all were about ontologistic question. Lee’s interest in photography led him to select place then create photographic artwork. These works can be identified as ‘site ready-made,’ because it has little or no process of production, just as Duchamp made a ready-made urinal into his own work by selecting and signing the urinal and submitting it to the exhibition. Through ‘non-sculpture’, he formed artwork without a fixed form, expressed invisible elements such as sound and smell, and expanded our perception by impacting our senses and common sense.

昌陵의 왕과 왕후 능의 위치 再考

김이순(Kim Yisoon) 한국미술사학회 2010 美術史學硏究 Vol.267 No.267

세종대왕 ‘구 영릉(舊 英陵)’ 석물 연구

김이순(Kim Yi-soon) 한국학중앙연구원 2009 한국학 Vol.32 No.1

한국전쟁과 가족 이미지: 가족해체와 복원의 사이

김이순(Kim Yi-soon) 미술사연구회 2005 미술사연구 Vol.- No.19

뇌졸중 환자의 한방의료 이용 경험

김이순(Kim, Lee Sun) 한국보건간호학회 1997 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

조선왕릉 石人의 척도 규범 연구

김이순(Kim, Yi soon) 한국미술사학회 2018 美術史學硏究 Vol.298 No.298