이용자의 평가를 통한 어린이공원 개선방안 연구

김원주(Won-Joo Kim),금기용(Ki-Yong Keam),신상희(Sang-Hee Shin) 서울연구원 2008 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

토지이용의 입체복합화에 따른 공원녹지 입체화 전략

김원주 ( Won Joo Kim ),유성희 ( Sung Hee Yoo ) 서울시정개발연구원 2010 연구보고서 Vol.2010 No.71

Now, more and more city park areas are needed as life quality of city residents is deteriorated, who live on the highly dense land covered by impermeable concrete. Nevertheless, available land resources and public funds to purchase them fall deadly short, and there is a limit in expanding two-dimensional green park site. In this background, we were driven to study on how to make efficient multi-dimensional city parks. This study considered not only passive efforts for multi-dimensional land use so far, but also diversified multi-dimensional land use including underground space, rooftop, and artificial ground. We are going to select available candidate site for multi-dimensional land use, and suggest applicable simulation. First, we will show the way to make multi-dimensional city park after deriving features and implications of instances of multi-dimensional land use of green park site by means of documentary research. First, we have analysed present status of candidate sites for multi-dimensional city park by their categories, by reading aerial photograph and by field research, and then suggested the way of multi-dimensional land use of applicable candidate sites. We have schematized green park sites and multi-dimensional land use according to the category of land use, and analysed the contents of relevant afforestation projects and status of land ownership based on the result of analysis of status and review of conditions of surrounding area. We have selected and analyzed ① commercial, industrial, and business areas around 214-2, Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, ② transportation facilities area around 73-10, Junghwa-dong, Jungnang-gu, and ③ urban infrastructure facilities area around 222-16, Guro-dong, Guro-gu as candidate areas of simulation. By making multi-dimensional city park, we intended to provide citizens with comfortable environment by creating green space, and improve availability by facilitating approaches to parks and green areas when they use urban infrastructure. Facilities concerning environment improve usage of land and increase greening ratio by alleviating image of unpleasant facilities. Further, for dense residential area with no neighborhood park, it is necessary to link creation of multi-dimensional city park with civil forestation projects such as greening of alley s and wall removal. As to the improvement of regulations to promote creation of multi-dimensional city park, it is necessary to enter into agreement for separation of ownership of artificial ground, and to adjust time limit for long-term management of city planning facilities. Design should support for citizens to approach freely through public facilities, so that roof garden may not be privatized. And, general public should be persuaded to take part in the wall removal projects and greening projects of public institutions, and multi-dimensional city park should be publicized by showing it through notice board, etc. As consultation is necessary as to occupation of city space in case notice board is installed on the road, administrative and financial supports should be followed. We should prepare steadily criteria of compensation for land, considering official land value, guidelines on incentives, and environmental criteria and administrative guidelines on environmental isues, noise, and vibration occurred during the construction of multi-dimensional city parks.

성문상부 상피세포암에서의 근치적 방사선치료의 역할

김원택(Won Taek Kim),김동원(Dong Won Kim),권병현(Byung Hyun Kwon),남지호(Ji Ho Nam),허원주(Won Joo Hur) 대한방사선종양학회 2000 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.18 No.4

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 부산대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 성문상부 편평상피세포암으로 진단받고 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 환자들을 대상으로 방사선치료 성적과 여기에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 여러 인자들을 비교 분석하여 성문상부암에서의 방사선치료의 효율성과 역할, 그리고 앞으로의 치료방침의 결정에 있어서 고려해야 할 부분들을 알아보려 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1985년 8월부터 1996년 12월까지 성문상부암으로 진단되어 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 환자 32예를 후향적 분석을 통해 최소 29개월간 추적관찰 하였다. 6MV 광자선을 이용하여 조사영역 축소치료법과 통상적 분할조사 방법으로 원발부위와 주위 경부림프절을 평균 70.2 Gy로 치료하였고, 이 중 13예는 cisplatin과 5- FU로 유도 항암화학요법을 시행받았다. 병기별로는 1기가 5명(15.6%), 2기가 10명(31.3%), 3기가 8명(25%), 4기가 9명(28.1%)이었다. 결 과 : 연구 결과 5년 전체 생존율과 국소제어율, 성문보존율은 각각 51.7%, 65.2%, 65.6%였고, 병기별로의 생존율은, 1기, 2기, 3기, 4기 각각 80%, 66.7%, 42.9%, 25.0%였고, 국소제어율은 각각 100%, 60.0%, 62.5%, 44.4%였으며, 성문보존율은 각각 100%, 70%, 62.5%, 44.4%였다. 유도 화학요법을 실시한 군과 방사선 단독 군에서 생존율, 국소제어율 등에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 못했다. 치료실패를 보인환자 중 7예에서 구제적 수술을 시행했고 이 중 3예에서 성공하였다. 치료 중 화학요법을 병용한 1예에서 중성구감소증으로 입원하였으며, 그 외에는 grade 3 이상의 급성 독성은 관찰되지 않았고, 치료 후 2예에서 심한 후두부종으로 기관절개술을 받았다. 원격전이는 4예에서 보였고(폐 3예, 뇌 1예), 2예에서 이차성 원발암이 발견되었다. T병기와 N병기, 총방사선량, 그리고 종양의 육안적 소견 등이 유의한 예후인자였다. 결 론 : 다른 연구들의 결과와 비교해 보았을 때, 조기 성문상부암인 경우 방사선치료와 보존적 수술이 생존율과 국소제어율에 비슷한 결과를 보이므로 후두기능 보존의 효과가 좋은 방사선치료 단독으로도 그 역할을 충분히 할 수 있다 하겠으며, 진행된 병기의 경우에서는 방사선 단독 치료가 수술과의 병합치료보다 예후가 월등히 좋지 않게 나타나므로 가급적 수술과 방사선치료 병합요법을 시도하는 것이 좋겠으나, 방사선치료를 해야만 하는 경우에서는 성문보존율과 국소제어율을 향상 시킬 수 있는 화학요법과의 병용치료, 특히 동시 화학방사선치료와 다분할 방사선치료, 그리고 방사선 민감제 등을 이용한 보다 더 폭 넓은 연구와 치료계획의 수립이 필요하다고 하겠다. Background : First of all, this study was performed to assess the result of curative radiotherapy and to evaluate different possible prognostic factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx treated at the Pusan National University Hospital. The second goal of this study was by comparing our data with those of other study groups, to determine the better treatment policy of supraglottic cancer in future. Methods and Materials :Thirty- two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx were treated with radiotherapy at Pusan National University Hospital, from August 1985 to December 1996. Minimum follow- up period was 29 months. Twenty- seven patients (84.4%) were followed up over 5 years. Radiotherapy was delivered with 6 MV photons to the primary laryngeal tumor and regional lymphatics with shrinking field technique. All patients received radiotherapy under conventional fractionated schedule (once a day). Median total tumor dose was 70.2 Gy (range, 55.8 to 75.6 Gy) on prima ry or gross tumor lesion. Thirteen patients had induction chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5- fluorouracil (1- 3 cycles). Patient distribution, according to the different stages, were as follows: stage I, 5/32 (15.6%); stage II, 10/32 (31.3%); stage III, 8/32 (25%); stage IV, 9/32 (28.1%). Results :The 5- year overall survival rate of the whole series (32 patients) was 51.7%. The overall survival rate at 5- years was 80% in stage I, 66.7% in stage II, 42.9% in stage III, 25% in stage IV (p=0.0958). The 5-year local control rates after radiotherapy were as follows: stage I, 100%; stage II, 60%; stage III, 62.5%; stage IV, 44.4% (p=0.233). Overall vocal preservation rates was 65.6%, 100% in stage I, 70% in stage II, 62.5% in stage III, 44.4% in stage IV (p=0.210). There was no statistical significance in survival and local control rate between neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy group and radiotherapy alone group. Severe laryngeal edema was found in 2 cases after radiotherapy, emergent tracheostomy was done. Four patients were died from distant metastsis, : three in lung, one in brain. Double primary tumor was found in 2 cases, one in lung (metachronous), another in thyroid (synchronous). Ulcerative lesions were revealed as unfavorable prognostic factor (p=0.0215), and radiation dose (more or less than 70.2 Gy) was an important factor on survival (p=0.0302). Conclusions :The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of supraglottic carcinoma is to improve the survival and to preserve the la ryngeal function. Based on our data and other studies, ea rly and moderately advanced supraglottic carcinomas could be successfully treated with either conservative surgery or radiotherapy alone. Both modalities showed similar results in survival and vocal preservation. For the advanced cases, radiotherapy alone is inadequate for curative aim and surgery combined with radiotherapy should be done in operable patients. When patients refuse operation or want to preserve vocal function, or for the patients with inoperable medical conditions, combined chemoradiotherapy (concurrent) or altered fractionated radiotherapy with or without radiosensitizer should be taken into consideration in future.

단위개발사업의 자연훼손 평가 및 적용방안

김원주(Won-Joo Kim),황성련(Sung-Ryen Hwang) 서울연구원 2006 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

이용자의 평가를 통한 어린이공원 개선방안 연구

김원주 ( Won Joo Kim ),금기용 ( Ki Yong Keam ),신상희 ( Sang Hee Shin ) 서울시정개발연구원 2008 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.39

Although children`s parks are one of the most frequently visited parks in cities and have an easy access to people, users complains of their old facilities and low concerns about users. In the study, children`s parks built in Seoul were selected as objects and then, searches were conducted for the neighborhood status of the parks, facility status, park users` evaluations and the user demands by on-the-spot research, questionnaire research and interview. The purpose of the study is to understand the current status of children`s parks and suggest plans which can be considered in remodeling projects of children`s parks, including Imagination Children`s Park which will be continuously promoted in the future, by analyzing the search results. 1. Concept and Characteristics of Chidren`s Parks: Children`s parks mean "the park which is built for the purpose of contribution to children`s health and emotion". Children`s parks are one of the regional parks which are built and managed under the law of city parks and green spaces. Children`s parks should provide users with amusement and rest in functional aspects. In aspect of space use, they function as squares, attractions, foot paths and services. Further, in emotional aspects, around the local society, they should provide children, their guardians and local residents with rest, Preceded Study: Children`s parks were built in the same figures just in accordance with legal standards without identification and characteristics, And old facilities and deficiency in management of children`s parks cause inconvenience to users compared to playgrounds in near apartment complexes and regional parks. Users are interested in facilities which they can use and they should use, Thus, it needs to diversify facilities according to users demands and locations of the parks, Facilities for users convenience need delicate considerations in planning, constructing and managing, For efficient park management, it needs to introduce programs at the stage of park plan. From the stage of park plan, discussion with the authority who will maintain and manage the parks; introduction of management manual for maintenance; and efficiency and activation in park management and maintenance by residents` participation are needed. 3. Overseas Case Study: Basic amusement facilities, such as swings, slides and seesaws, were installed in Kowhai Park in creative and innovative ways compared to existing facilities. For children`s safety, all the facilities were painted brightly and colorfully with physically and environmentally harmless paints. Skinners Playground provided children with amusement spaces in economic and eco-friendly ways by designing children`s adventure playground with abandoned container boxes. Park plan and design of Vanderbilt Playground were proposed on the initiative of citizen`s organization. Thus, local residents` concerns and opinions were reflected on the park design, and amusement facilities were arranged by spaces, which could provide children with a complex experience for their age. 4. User Evluations and Analysis: Of the respondents, the answer ratio of female respondents was slightly higher than that of male respondents. Also teenage students actively responded to the survey, People who visit parks more than once in a week among the entire respondents comprised 83.8%. Due to the nature of children`s parks, it was appeared that neighborhood residents visit the parks regardless of day of week or time of day. They visited the parks along with friends or families and use amusement facilities, benches and sports facilities. More than half of the users had experience of visiting the parks at night, but it was appeared that ``darkness`` and ``thread to safety`` are the obstacle in using the parks at night. After the remodeling of the parks, user satisfactions were increased in both facility satisfaction and use satisfaction. However, there was a park which showed users` low satisfaction after the remodeling compared to before. There also was a park which showed users` high satisfaction among un-remodeled parks compared to the remodeled parks, Users satisfaction in facilities and availabilities was mostly increased after remodeling the parks but various demands to the remodeled parks still remained, In users interviews, in aspect of facilities, users demanded improvement in benches and amusement facilities for children; additional benches and amusement facilities; installation of restroom; improvement in pavement for ground surfaces and night lights; and additional sports facilities. In aspect of use and management, users demanded park cleaning; landscape management; and control of scoundrel, drunken people and homeless people in the parks. 5.Policy Recommendation: ːThe survey results of users demands and satisfaction from the study should be reflected on the survey results on the remodeling project of Imagination Children`s Park in order to meet users needs. However, opinions of experts and construction designers should also be considered to make the effect maximized. ːAfter construction of parks, the maintenance of the improper facilities against current circumstance makes the availability of parks declined and thus, park users` evaluation and survey on the status of facilities should be carried on every 4 or 5 years. ːAmong the parks previously named as children`s parks, some parks which children rarely visit should be named differently, like mini parks. The name change from children`s parks to family parks should be also considered since all the children`s parks users are not children.

흰쥐에서 생애초기의 스트레스 경험이 성숙후 신경행동에 미치는 영향

김원주,이서울,김동구,김경환,Kim, Won-Joo,Lee, Seo-Ul,Kim, Dong-Goo,Kim, Kyung-Hwan 대한약리학회 1995 대한약리학잡지 Vol.31 No.2

This study aimed to determine whether exposure to stress during developmental period causes permanent behavioral and/or neurochemical alterations. Alterations of behavior were studied in young and aged rats which have been exposed to uncontrollable and unpredictable electric shocks on postnatal day(PND) 14 or PND 14 and 21. The concentrations of monoaminergic neurotransmitters were also measured to determine whether the behavioral alterations were accompanied by neurochemical changes. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The rate of increase in body weight was reduced at one day after exposure to the 1st series of shocks on PND14. However, these findings could not be observed after exposure to the 2nd series of shocks on PND 21. 2) Explorative activity decreased at one day after exposure to the 1st series of shocks on PND14. However this findings could not be observed after exposure to the 2nd series of shocks on PND 21. 3) At 100 days of age, there were little changes in the spontaneous locomotor activities measured for consecutive 23 hrs. However, there was positive correlation between the shock number showing the 1st helplessness during receiving the 1st series of shocks and the night time ambulatory activity of females, and was negative correlation between the shock number showing the 1st helplessness during receiving the 1st or 2nd series of shocks on PND 14 or 21 and the night time ambulatory activity of females. 4) At $360{\sim}390$ days of age, night time ambulatory activity decreased in female rats which have been exposed to shocks on PND 14 and 21, but not in males. 5) In the aged female rats, the concentrations of 5-HT, dopamine and their metabolites were not different among groups. However, the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT increased in the frontal cortices of rats exposed to shocks on PND 14 and 21. These results demonstrate that the early experience of serious stress results in persistent alterations of behavior accompanying altered neurochemistry, and aging may unmask a subtle neuronal deficit causes by the early experience of serious stress.

서울시 주요산 도시공원화에 따른 주제공원 조성 및 이용증진 방안

김원주 ( Won Joo Kim ),장남종 ( Nam Jong Jang ),연정민 ( Jeong Min Yeon ) 서울시정개발연구원 2009 연구보고서 Vol.2009 No.23

More than 20 natural public parks including Mt.Buk-han, Mt.Kwan-ak, shall change into public park or natural public park zone by the Law on urban park and green space. Recent survey of park visitors showed that 23% of users wanted facility addition and liked the concept of theme park. Seoul has a total of 2,464 parks as of January 2009 and 29 parks among them are theme parks. However, the existing theme parks fall short of meeting the need of public expectation and most of them are of a sort that are showy amusement parks. There is nothing unique or with concrete theme but function disorders and restrictions such as difficult access, low awareness, and steep slants. Taking into consideration the institutional change from the existing natural public parks to public parks and leisure demand, this study analyzes 20 potential theme parks out of 82 projected areas regarding to renovation public parks in major mountains, suggests detailed park types and effective using plan on site. 1. Feasibility study on building theme park regarding to renovation public parks in major mountains This study performed physical evaluation and functional evaluation for theme parks. Physical evaluation criteria are size, topography, ecology / environmental value, accessibility of the park while functional evaluation criteria are mainly statuses of theme resources. According to the evaluation result, eco parks, cemetery parks, and amusement parks were influenced by size and in particular, eco parks were greatly influenced by high environmental value. Functional evaluation showed that theme parks, especially history parks were heavily affected by location of theme resources. Super size and large scale parks turned out to be adequate for eco park and parks with high accessibility for culture park. 2. Study on Building Theme Parks and encouraging their use History park is a gateway to a nation`s historical resources thus it can be designed to provide learning, education, experience on historical resources. Its tangible theme resources and intangible cultural resources are critical for cultural activity. Eco park can be designed for 5 functions: to provide Biotope, natural trail, and information/commentary, protect natural habitat, and facilitate research activities and dissemination on nature restoration. Theme parks should have diverse and clear themes to meet user needs providing incentives for visitors to participate such diverse programs. Also, well-trained volunteers from a nearby community center or civic groups can be a brilliant way to utilize applicable support. 3. Policy Directions Before building a new one, you need to understand regional characteristics of the existing park types and projected site. Future demands of the park also need to be predicted to choose an adequate theme for the park and promote use of the park. This facelift will help people in the local community experience varied theme parks and also contribute an improvement to the community. For a medium to large scale park, it is necessary to group varied themes and offer a broad variety of experiences of entertainment, play, and relaxation. When it comes to a park, green belt must come first rather than facilities installation. Most of all tranquil relaxation and dynamic trail with the view of forests and meadow is the base for a park. For this, modification of the relevant laws and regulations is a must since mandatory facilities rate often hinders promotion of theme park in selecting the existing park type.

에너지 절감을 위한 옥상녹화의 활성화 방안과 모니터링

김원주 ( Won Joo Kim ),조용모 ( Yong Mo Cho ),남미아 ( Mi A Nam ),신상희 ( Sang Hee Shin ) 서울시정개발연구원 2008 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.47

Background and purpose of the study The city is the center of human activities and thus, environmental problems of the city are getting serious. Particularly, due to the green house effect, the average annual rate of temperature has increased by 0.5~1.5℃, and the energy usage of buildings has been increased proportionally to that. In the case of Seoul, it needs to regulate the temperature rise and the energy usage of buildings since Seoul shows the highest building energy consumption. Green roofs business can be helpful to secure green spaces which Seoul lacks and therefore, it can contribute to solve environmental problems and can be used in the energy saving of buildings. The study is purposed to maximize the energy saving effects, which recently draw global attention, against the global warming temperature and the energy price inflation; carry out the green roofs in view of making the best use of green spaces in the city and monitoring thereof; and therefore, find plans to encourage green roofs business. 2. Main results from the study A rooftop afforested building reduces the temperature of the building with soils and plants in summer season and maintains the temperature of the building higher than the ambient temperature in winter season. Accordingly, compare to a concrete rooftop, the afforested rooftop shows more effective heating and thus, it comes to effectively save energy. From the result of temperature measurement, in the case of the soil surface, while the afforested surface shows the difference of 15.3℃ between the minimum temperature of 22.1℃ and the maximum temperature of 37.4℃, non-afforested surface shows the difference of 46.2℃ between the minimum temperature of 20.5℃ and the maximum temperature of 67.2℃. From the result of temperature measurement by the infrared camera, in the case of the non-afforested rooftop, the midday summer temperature reached 70.9℃ but in the case of the afforested rooftop, the temperatures were measured as 30.3℃ in the lawn area and as 28℃ in the shrubbery area. Accordingly, the measured temperature in the afforested rooftop was more than twice lower than the one of the non-afforested rooftop. On the other hand, the green roofs shows the effect to delay the outflow of the inflow water from rain though, the effect is insignificant. Although we have a relatively good harvest from the rooftop garden, the intensive care is demanded and the quality of the crops tends to be lowered due to the characteristics of the rooftop environment. 3. Policy recommendation 1) Carrying out monitoring on the sites applied for the green roofs in Seoul. It needs to carry out the monitoring on public buildings and commercial buildings which have been received government subsidies, approximately 50% of the costs, from Seoul in order to evaluate and improve the business results, i.e., effect measurement on temperature and energy; user evaluations on satisfaction and demand; effect of runoff; and compared testifying for spaces used on other purposes. It needs to improve the current system which the incentive is given to newly constructed buildings only. More positive aid is required. For example, in the case of the existing buildings, if the owner installs gravels which help the suction of rainwater on the rooftop, a benefit like tax reduction should be given to the owner in order to encourage the green roofs. 2) Improvement on the system to expand green spaces for green roofs. It needs to expand green spaces in order to deal with the climate change, save energy and make comfortable spaces. For this, a standard on the afforestation rate should be suggested for the businesses supported by Seoul and consequently, the standard should be reflected when designing buildings. 3) Product development and technical research for constructing green roofs. It has been a while since the green roofs was introduced to our country though, the products for the green roofs are still borrowed from overseas such as Germany and Japan. The development for species of trees and products which fit domestic circumstances has been seldom conducted. Thus, research support and the product development should be continuously made. It is also required for the City Hall of Seoul to make efforts to introduce various products and different ways which fit different construction sites. 4) Arrangement to make the best use of spaces as the spaces for cultivating plants. If the port type crop planting, currently led by Seoul Green Trust, can be carried out and used within rooftop spaces, the rooftops can be afforested without high cost of installation and used as leisure spaces. 5) Going toward the policy which draws voluntary participation beyond supporting. There is a limit for Seoul to offer subsidies to all the applicants who wish to afforest rooftops. Accordingly, the green roofs should be gradually changed to a mandatory duty and should go the way of giving the information and the know-how, encouraging citizens to voluntarily participate in.

국토환경계획 정도(精度) 향상 목적의 지형고도속성을 반영한 한반도 등온분포도 작성

김원주 ( Won Joo Kim ),이관규 ( Gwan Gyu Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2008 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.11 No.3

한·인도 CEPA에 따른 부가가치기준에 관한 연구

김원주(Won-Joo Kim),김학민(Hag-Min Kim) 한국관세학회 2018 관세학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This research is a case study on Regional Value Contents of CEPA in Korea and India. The product specific rule of Indian HS7102.39 (diamond) the combination standard satisfying the Change of Tariff Sub Heading(CTSH) and Regional Value Content (RVC), simultaneously. Currently, The CEPA between Korea and India has applied goes through customs-free (‘0%’) and in the APTA 2.5% special tariff concession is applied. In 2010. however, the disposition agency appealed for review by eliminating disposition authority on tariff concession in Indian HS7102.39. and Indian Trade Department conducted Safeguard Measures of Korean HS No.7108 (Gold) in August 2017. The Gem & Jewelery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC) has requested that the Regional Value Content (RVC 35%) for Indian HS7102 .39 be reduced to RVC 15% in 2016. Therefore, a scheme and need has been raised that can solve these commerce friction problems. In this research, In this research, we derive the overall research result of Indian diamond industry as a model of value chain, Systematization of Regional Value Content (RVC) theoretically and academically through Demonstration case of origin verification, A suggestion is made for increasing the export of HS No.7108(Gold) by making use of the CEPA.