현암 김종희 회장의 생애와 경영이념 연구

김성수(Sung Soo Kim) 한국경영사학회 2009 經營史學 Vol.52 No.-

이 논문은 한국 화약산업의 개척자 한화그룹의 창업주 현암 김종희 회장의 생애와 경영활동 연구를 통한 경영이념 및 신 기업가정신(New Entrepreneurship)을 발굴하는 데 목적을 두었다. 현암 김종희 회장은 1922년 11월에 출생하여 1981년 7월(59세)에 영면 하였다. 비교적 짧은 생을 살았지만, 현암 김종희 회장은 1952년 30세 때에 화약산업의 불모지인 한국에서 한국화약㈜을 창업하였다. 그는 ‘다이너마이트’ 생산의 성공으로 혁신적인 화약류 국산화의 꿈을 실현한 훌륭한 기업가이다. 그는 한화그룹의 창업주로서 화약, 석유화학, 기계, 호텔, 건설, 무역 등 생전에 17개의 대기업집단을 이룬 창업 CEO이다. 그는 신의와 혁신, 도전과 개척 정신 그리고 변혁적 리더십 소유의 기업가로, 한국의 화약산업 개척자로서 화약산업사의 역사적 인물로 부각되며, 우리나라 화약산업의 기업 가사 연구의 중요한 경영사학적 사례를 제공한 기업인으로 평가된다. 그는 생애 경영활동을 통하여 사업보국 이념을 중심으로 ‘신용과 의리 그리고 봉사’로서 인류사회에 공헌하고자 하는 경영이념을 실현한 기업가이다. 특히 사업보국을 이념으로 발굴된 그의 신 기업가정신은 이 연구에 큰 의미를 준다. 즉, (1) 신의정신, (2) 도전과 개척정신, (3) 책임정신, (4) 근검절약정신, (5) 합리주의 정신, (6) 창의와 혁신정신, (7) 인재육성정신 등 7개의 기업가정신으로 나타나고 있다. 그리고 그의 혁신적 기업인 상은 (1) 인간성 중시의 변혁적 리더십을 소유한 기업인으로 대표되며, (2) 정도경 영을 실천한 기업인 (3) 경영이념(사업보국주의)을 통한 생산성 향상 정신을 실천한 기업인, (4) 혁신경영과 기술개발 노력을 실천한 기업인, (5) 위기극복과 문제점 해결능력을 갖춘 기업인 등으로 평가된다. 특히 (6) 국익증대의 선봉에 선 민간 외교관, (7) 스포츠 강국을 꽃피운 체육계의 거목이라는 경영인 상을 가진 기업가로도 높이 평가된다. The purpose of this study is to explore the chairman Chong-Hee Kim’s life and Managerial ideology, founder of Hanwha group. This research was to Highlight the entrepreneurship of chairman Chong-Hee Kim of Korea explosive founded (currently Hanwha Corp. Explosive Division), who carries the management principle which focuses on the devotion to business patriotism of social responsibility by providing best products and services with talent and technology. Also it aimed to revisit the life and the management principle of chairman Chong-Hee Kim who, with the business patriotism of righteousness and sense of mission, tried to found korea’s first gunpowder corporation. This research was mainly divided into two parts:literature-history research method and managerial history research method, and it analyzed the managerial accomplishment chronically according to the literature history documents, and managerial history method. This study took 12 months in which the document collecting process, writing process, and 6 party joint research processes were completed. The content of the research divided and categorized chairman Chong-Hee Kim’s life and managerial principle in the following order:(1) Social back ground at time of his birth (2) Elementary, middle and high school education in his teenage period (3) Business career begins (age 20-30) in his adolescent (4) 30s (age 31-40):president inauguration of the korea explosive founded, (currently Hanwha corp.explosive division), and his management his managerial growth process in his early adult life, in case, oct, 1952 korea explosive founded (gunpowder corp), oct, 1955 Incheon explosive plant acquired, jan,1959 all domestics industrial explosive suppled by korea explosives (5) 40s (age 41-50):his managerial revolution process in his middle the prime of the life, in case, Jan, 1964 Shinhan bearing industrial acquired, Nov, 1969 Kyungin energy established (6) 50s (age 51-59):genius management and establishment of the leading corporation in the Korean defense industrial and diversified management in his latter the prime of the life. In case, dec,1972, Hankook plastics industrial established, sept, 1974, union polymer established (currently Hanwha polydreamer), may 1975, Cheon-an Bukil foundation established, may 1976, sundo securities acquired (currently Hanwha securities). Next, the entrepreneurship through chairman Chong-Hee Kim’s managerial creed and ideology was examined. The 7 elements of Chong-Hee Kim’s new entrepreneurship of business patriotism that were examined are as follows : (1) Spirit of faithfulness (2) Spirit of challenge and pioneer (3) Responsibility for the fulfillment of obligation (4) Spirit of diligence and frugality (5) Spirit of rationalism for management (6) Spirit of creative and Innovation (7) Spirit of corporative social responsibility and service to society His entrepreneurship is based on the transformational leadership of rich humanity and management of righteousness, he is pioneer of schumpeter’s (J.A), and the creative entrepreneur who seeks for Innovation. The management philosophy of Hanwha (chong-hee, kim) is embedded in the Hanwha TRI circle ; the three circles Represent Trust, Respect and Innovation, respectively. They are the three pillars of how it’s conduct our business. Vision of Hanwha (chong-hee, kim) is just as committed being trustworthy, respected and Innovative as a responsible member of society as the Hanwha be to becoming dynamic global enterprise. As symbolized in the Hanwha TRI Circle, Trust, Respect and Innovation are core value as its interact with customer, serve our community and improve the everyday lives of people in general.

김재철 회장의 생애와 기업가정신 연구

김성수(Sung soo Kim) 한국경영사학회 2009 經營史學 Vol.50 No.-

이 논문의 목적은 “성실한 기업활동으로 사회정의 실현”과 “도전과 정도경영”에 바탕을 둔 동원그룹의 창업자 김재철 회장의 생애와 경영활동을 통한 기업가 정신(Entrepreneurship)을 발굴하는 데 있다. 김재철 회장은 1969년 34세때 동원산업(주)를 창업한 현재(2009년 4월)까지 40여년간 한국수산업계를 선도해온 창업자이면서 전문경영자(CEO)이며, 식품산업으로 시작하여 1차산업에서 2차산업으로 그리고 3차산업의 금융 및 서비스산업까지 사업다각화로 동원그룹을 세계적(Global)기업으로 발전시킨 창조적, 혁신주의 기업가이다. 이러한 동원그룹의 김재철 회장의 연구는 다음과 같은 네 가지의 중요성을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 동원그룹 창업자 김재철 회장의 생애와 경영이념을 고찰하여, 동원창업자의 Entrepreneurship을 발굴하여, 한국기업가사 연구의 체계적 정립을 마련하는 데 있다. 둘째, 동원 김재철 회장은 슘페터(J. A, Schumpeter)가 지적한 혁신적(Innovation) 경영활동을 적용해서 “동원경영학”의 정립을 체계화시키는 데 노력하고 있다는 점이다. 셋째, 대표적 수산업의 CEO 김재철 회장 경영활동을 통하여 “동원수산경영”의 발전과정을 경영사학계에 보급시키고자 하는 기초자료 제공에 있다. 넷째는 앞으로 해양수산업의 관리자 및 CEO가 되고자하는 청소년 및 대학생들에게 기업가 정신(Entrepreneurship)의 중요성을 인식케 하는 기초자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 본 논문은 경영사연구방법론을 채택하였다. 경영사의 개척자인 미국하버드 경영대학원(Harvard University, Graduate School of Business Administration=HBS) 경영사 교수인 그라스(Norman Scott Brien gras)와 챈들러(Alfred, D. Chandler)박사 등이 개발하고 활용하여 전 세계 학계에 보급한 ‘경영사연구방법론’을 도입하여 활용하였다. 이에 따라 동원의 김재철 회장이 추구하는 가치와 정신은 고객/주주 제일주의, 1등주의, 현금흐름주의 등이며, 21세기 그의 정신은 (1) 창조정신, (2) 열성정신, (3) 도전정신 등 ‘Candoism’으로 요약된다. 또한 그의 기본사상은 (1) from the basic(기본의 철저한 준수) (2) fact finding(현장주의 업무수행 자세) (3) global standard(국제수준의 업무품질) 등으로 나타났다. 그리고 성실한 기업 활동으로 사회정의 실현을 선도하는 가치는 (1)생활문화의 New Leader로서 위상을 향상시키는 사업가치 (2) 고객을 존중하고 만족시키며, 동원그룹을 창조기업으로 승화시키는 고객가치 (3) 1등주의 인재육성과 성과조직을 인적자원관리의 최우선으로 하는 인재가치 등을 확인할 수 있었다. This study was to highlight the entrepreneurship of chairman Jae-Chul Kim the founder of Dongwon Industries Co., Ltd, who carries the management principle which focuses on the devotion to under the realization of social justice, the function of the enterprise will be done in honesty and loyalty. Dongwon creates fresh and new experiences into the customers’ lives. it will be the prime company that leads the lifestyle culture in the 21st century. Also it aimed to revisit the life and the management principle of chairman Jae-Chul Kim who, with the new management, tried to found world’s first human corporation social responsibility. This study was mainly divided into two parts:literature-history research method and managerial history research method, and it analyzed the managerial accomplishment chronically according to the literature history documents, and managerial history method. this research took 8 months in which the document collecting process, writing process, and 7 party joint research processes were complete. The content of the research divided and categorized chairman Jae-Chul Kim’s life stages and managerial principles in the following order:(1) social back ground at the time of his birth (2) elementary, middle and high school education in his teenage period (3) university and establishment of oneself in life, one’s youth period is the time of adventure and daring (4) president inauguration and the foundation of the Dongwon Industries Co., Ltd and his management and his managerial growth process in his early adult life, (5) genius management and new experience creator-Dongwon group of the leading enterprise in the world in his latter adult life Next, the entrepreneurship through chairman Jae-Chul Kim’s managerial principle was examined. The 10 element of Jae-Chul Kim’s new the Entrepreneurship that were examined are as follows : (1) Spirit of a Sincerity and Credit (2) spirit of creativity and Innovation (3) spirit of earnestness (4) spirit of challenge and cultivation(development). (5) spirit of customer satisfaction (6) spirit of human respect (7) spirit of Justice (right) management (8) spirit of responsibility and autonomous(self-control) (9) spirit of stage management or artistic management (10) spirit of corporate social responsibilities. Dongwon corporation’s chairman Jae-Chul Kim carries the entrepreneurship principles such as (1) management that gives happiness to the customers (2) management that respects people (3) management that creates new value (4) living up to the fundamental principle (5) applying significance to even a small matter (6) challenging any new tasks, etc. His entrepreneurship is based on the righteous managerial spirit, known as “I need to be the challenge and innovation”, which aims to reflect the past and analyze today’s critical situation. especially his righteous managerial spirit is leading the Dongwon Group as the global corporation through Business ethics, humanity, innovation, etc. therefore, he is pioneer of Schumpeter’s(J.A), and the creative entrepreneur who seeks for innovation. He is reviewed as one of the greatest 21st century manager who carries these 6 characteristics:(1) artistic mind of stage management (2) positive mind (3) emphasis on self-changing (4) faith and trust (5) keeping endurance and rule (6) having courage not to be afraid of failure (7) emphasis on social contribution.

변형된 GA-SPW에 의한 OFDM의 새로운 PAPR 감소 기법

김성수,김명제,Kim, Sung-Soo,Kim, Myoung-Je 한국전자파학회 2006 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.17 No.11

OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 시스템은 다수 부반송파들의 중첩 현상으로 인해 PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) 문제를 가진다. 기존의 제안된 GA-SPW(Genentic-Sub-block Phase Weighting) 기법은 하나의 OFDM 심볼에서 부 블록 수를 증가시켜 PAPR 감소 성능을 향상시키고, 부 블록 수에 따라 지수적으로 증가하는 위상 탐색량을 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 개체군과 세대수에 고정시켜 감소시켰다. 본 논문에서는 더 적은 탐색량으로 주어진 부 블록에서 최적에 가까운 PAPR 감소 성능을 얻기 위해 기존의 GA-SPW 기법에 새로이 변형된 유전자 알고리즘을 적용한다. 제안된 기법의 성능과 계산량의 우수성을 모든 부 블록과 위상수에 따른 모든 탐색을 하는 일반적인 탐색 방법, iterative flipping그리고 기존의 GA-SPW와 시뮬레이션과 결과의 분석을 통하여 나타내었다. An OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system has the problem of the PAPR(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) due to the overlapping phenomena of many sub-carriers. The previously proposed GA-SPW(Genetic Sub-block Phase Weighting) method not only improved the reduction of PAPR as the number of sub-blocks increases in an OFDM symbol but also decreased the number of calculations involved in the iterative phase searching yields to depend on the number of population and generation by using genetic algorithm not on the number of sub-blocks and phase elements. In this paper, we propose the modified GA-SPW method in order to improve the performance and to decrease the complexity. It is shown that the proposed modified GA-SPW method achieves the significant performance and the reduction of search complexity comparing to the ordinary technique, iterative flipping and previously proposed GA-SPW by the experimental results and analysis.

필름 두께 측정용 투과 양극형 x-ray tube의 개발 및 특성

김성수,김도윤,Kim, Sung-Soo,Kim, Do-Yun 한국진공학회 2008 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.17 No.3

수십에서 수백 ${\mu}m$ 영역의 필름 두께 측정에 적용하기 위한 Ag-target 투과양극형 x-ray tube를 개발하고 특성을 조사하였다. 10kV 부근의 관전압에서 x-ray 에너지의 분포 및 선량특성을 조사하고 W-target tube와 비교하여 논의하였다. 또한 Ag-target tube와 W-target tube를 이용하여 Ny film과 PP film의 두께변화에 따른 x-ray의 투과 특성으로 조사하였고, 그 결과 개발된 x-ray tube는 필름두께 측정용으로 적용할 수 있을 만큼 충분히 좋은 특성을 나타내었다. The x-ray transmission anode Ag-target tube was developed to apply for the thickness measurement of film in the thickness range of several tens$\sim$several hundreds ${\mu}m$ and its characteristics were evaluated. The energy distribution and dose of x-ray from Ag-target tube was investigated at the tube voltage near 10 kV, and discussed in comparition with that from W-target tube. The energy distribution and dose of x-rays passing through film were measured with various thickness of Ny and PP film. From these results, it was confirmed that our x-ray tube can be applied for the thickness measurement of film.

불화수소(HF)의 독성에 관한 병리학적 분석 연구

김성수,조남욱,오은하,이동호,Kim,Sung Soo,Cho,Nam Wook,Oh,Eun Ha,Rie,Dong Ho 한국방재학회 2012 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.12 No.6

현대의 건축 재료는 각종 고분자 화합물의 비중이 커지고 있어 건축 재료 연소 시에 발생하는 가스의 성분비가 천연재료를 이용하던 과거의 건축물과 차이를 보인다. 실제로 근래의 건축재료 연소가스의 정성분석결과를 살펴보면, 천연재료의 연소가스에 포함되어있는 CO, <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX>외에도 HF, HCN, HBr, HCl, NO, <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>, <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX>등의 화학종이 포함되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 화학종들은 고분자 화합물에서 발생하는 것으로 분석되며, 건축 재료에서 그 비중이 높아지는 만큼 향후 이러한 화학종들이 건축물 화재에서 대피의 주요 방해요인으로 작용할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 연소가스중 HF가 실험동물의 생체에 미치는 영향을 병리학적으로 분석하기 위하여, HF의 표준가스를 실험동물에 노출시켜 조직 병리 검사, 유전 독성 평가실험을 실시하였다. 이를 통하여 HF에 노출된 실험동물은 폐와 간에서의 광범위한 출혈과 괴사가 발생함을 확인하였으며, 이로 인한 혈액과 장기별 DNA손상은 Comet assay를 이용하여 정량적으로 분석하였다. Polymer materials are well-used for Modern building constructions. Combustion gas of construction material has different components between natural and polymer. Recently research shows, Apart from combustion gas of natural construction material contain CO. <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> species. Also polymer combustion gas include HF, HCN, HBr, HCl, NO, <TEX>$NO_2$</TEX>, and <TEX>$SO_2$</TEX> additionally. It analyzed that species product from Polymer compounds. These species can act as major disturbance factors in the evacuation from the building`s fire. Because, polymer will increase the proportion in building materials. In this research, effects from HF gas are analyzed by pathological method. Histopathologic examination, DNA toxicity evaluation experiments were conducted for mouse exposed by HF standard gas. Exposing HF gas were caused extensive hemorrhage and necrosis in the liver and lung from experimental animals. and blood and DNA damage were analyzed quantitatively by comet assay.

MA 316L ODS 및 Wet 316L ODS 스테인리스강에서 충격에너지에 미치는 소결 공정의 영향

김성수,한창희,장진성,Kim, Sung-Soo,Han, Chang-Hee,Jang, Jin-Sung 한국분말야금학회 2010 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.17 No.2

Two kinds of oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) 316L stainless steel were manufactured using a wet mixing process(wet) and a mechanical alloying method (MA). An MA 316L ODS was prepared by a mixing of metal powder and a mechanical alloying process. A wet 316L ODS was manufactured by a wet mixing with 316L stainless steel powder. A solution of yttrium nitrate was dried after being in the wet 316L ODS alloy. The results showed that carbon and oxygen were effectively reduced during the degassing process before the hydroisostatic process (HIP) in both alloys. It appeared that the effect of HIP treatment on increase in impact energy was pronounced in the MA 316L ODS alloy. The MA 316L ODS alloy showed a higher yield strength and a smaller elongation, when compared to the wet 316L ODS alloy. This seemed to be attributed to the enhancement of bonding between oxide and matrix particles from HIP and to the presence of a finer oxide of about 20 nm from the MA process in the MA 316L ODS alloy.

40kV용 투과 양극형 x-ray tube의 개발 및 특성분석

김성수,김도윤,Kim, Sung-Soo,Kim, Do-Yun 한국진공학회 2008 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.17 No.3

휴대용 XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) 장치에 적용할 수 있는 40 kV용 투과 양극형 W-Target tube와 Rh-Target tube를 개발하고 특성을 조사하였다. 특성 x-ray의 에너지와 연속 x-ray의 선량특성은 알려진 결과와 잘 일치함을 확인하였고, 최대 선량을 추출하기 위한 양극금속 박막의 최적 두께는 W-target tube의 경우 약 $2.6{\mu}m$, Rh-target tube의 경우 약 $2.7{\mu}m$ 임을 밝혀내었다. 또한 관전압 40 kV, 관전류 $60{\mu}A$로 30분 동안 연속적으로 작동시켰을 때 양극에서의 온도는 $50^{\circ}C$를 넘지 않아 휴대용 XRF장치에 적용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. Tungsten and rhodium target tube for a 40 kV x-ray transmission anode was developed to apply to the hand-held XRF(X-Ray Fluorescence) apparatus and its characteristics were evaluated. From the measurement of the energy distribution and dose of x-ray, it was confirmed that our results were good agreements with the known ones. The optimum thickness of metal film deposited on Be window to extract the maximum dose were $2.6{\mu}m$ and $2.7{\mu}m$ in case of W-target tube and Rh-target tube, respectively. When it was continuously worked during 30 min. at 40 kV in tube voltage and at $60{\mu}A$ in tube current, the temperature at target did not exceed $50^{\circ}C$. Our results reveals that the 40 kV x-ray transmission anode tube can be applied to the hand-held XRF apparatus.

분산분석에 대한 통계소프트웨어 활용 - SAS , SPSS/PC+ 와 S - PLUS 를 중심으로

김성수,정성석 ( Sung Soo Kim,Sung Suck Chung ) 한국품질경영학회 1993 품질경영연구 Vol.1 No.1

다변량 자료에서 특이점 검출 및 시각화 - R 스크립트

김성수,Kim, Sung-Soo 한국통계학회 2018 응용통계연구 Vol.31 No.4

다변량 자료에서 특이점을 검출하고, 검출된 특이점을 시각화와 연결한 R 스크립트를 제공한다. 개발된 R 스크립트는 특이점을 검출하는 방법으로서 1) Robust Mahalanobis distance, 2) High Dimensional data, 3) Density-based approach 방법을 이용하였다. 특이점을 연결하면서 데이터 구조를 파악하기 위한 시각화 방법으로는 1) multidimensional scaling (MDS)와 minimal spanning tree (MST)를 K-means 군집분석과 연결하여 표시하는 방법, 2) MDS를 fviz cluster와 연결하는 방법, 3) principal component analysis (PCA)를 fviz cluster와 연결한 방법을 이용하였다. 사례분석의 예로서는 Major League Baseball (MLB) 자료에서 류현진이 적극적으로 활동하던 2013년, 2014년 투수자료를 이용하였다. 개발된 R 스트립트는 "http://www.knou.ac.kr/~sskim/ddpoutlier.html (R 스크립트와 R 패키지도 다운로드 받을 수 있다. 실행방법도 설명되어 있다.)"에서 다운받으면 된다. We provide R scripts to detect outliers in multivariate data and visualization. Detecting outliers is provided using three approaches 1) Robust Mahalanobis distance, 2) High Dimensional data, 3) density-based approach methods. We use the following techniques to visualize detected potential outliers 1) multidimensional scaling (MDS) and minimal spanning tree (MST) with k-means clustering, 2) MDS with fviz cluster, 3) principal component analysis (PCA) with fviz cluster. For real data sets, we use MLB pitching data including Ryu, Hyun-jin in 2013 and 2014. The developed R scripts can be downloaded at "http://www.knou.ac.kr/~sskim/ddpoutlier.html" (R scripts and also R package can be downloaded here).

교장총록 경부 분류체계의 분석

김성수,Kim Sung Soo 한국문헌정보학회 1983 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.10 No.-

This study deals with and brings light on the classification system of Kyochangchongrok Kyongba((敎藏總錄 經部) Concerning the Euichon(義天)'s catalogue, Ohya(大屋德城) pointed out in 1937 that its classification system was different from that of the Kaewon Sokkyorok Yakchul(開元釋敎錄略出), and the system was not based on the diverse divisions of doctrines, such as Chontae(天台) or Whaom(華嚴). He went on to contend that the system, therefore, had no working rules, and was disorder as a corollary. The present writer, however, firmly convinced that Euichon must have had some criteria and order in editing the Catalogue on the basis of the commentaries which he had collected in 20 years, examined the catalogue by analyzing the classification system of sutra, vinaya and philosophy, thereby reclassifying them as divisions of doctrines like Wonhyo(元曉), Chontae(天台) and Hyonsu(賢首). As a result, the present writer disclosed that Euichon's Clataogue was edited in conformity with some criteria. For it was edited according tothe order of his teachings and meditations; complete combination of dharma, gist of final teachings, sermons of Hinavana Buddhism. Furthermore, it was clarified that he logically organized the system since he, concerning the sub-system, synthetically applied the reverse of the order which was illustrated in the diverse divisions of doctrines of 'Wonhyo', etc. consequently arranging and connecting the doctrines respectivelly. The significance of this treatise can, therefore, read as follows; to prove the Euichon's Catalogue was complied reasonably and logically on the basis of standing criterion.