흰쥐 대동맥에서 Trazodone의 혈관이완 작용기전

김상진,김정곤,김진상,Kim, Shang-jin,Kim, Jeong-gon,Kim, Jin-shang 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.4

The aim of this study was to investigate trazodone's effect on vasorelaxation and blood pressure lowering and to examine its underlying mechanism of action in isolated thoracic aorta and anesthesized rats. Precontracted aortic rings with high KCl were relaxed with trazodone, at concentrations of $50{\mu}M$ or greater. However, precontracted rings with phenylephrine (PE) were relaxed with trazodone, at concentrations of $0.03{\mu}M$ or greater, in a concentration-dependent manner. These relaxant effects of trazodone on endothelium intact rat aortic rings were significantly greater than those on denuded rings. The trazodone-induced relaxations were suppressed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), guanylate cyclase inhibitors, methylene blue and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channel blocker, tetrabutylammonium (TBA), a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, nifedipine, $Na^+$ channel blockers, lidocaine and procaine, and removal of extracellular $Na^+$, but not by aminoguanidine, 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n, n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC), indomethacin, glibenclamide and clotrimazole. In vivo, infusion of trazodone elicited significant decrease in arterial blood pressure. Trazodone-induced decrease in blood pressure was markedly inhibited by pretreatment of intravenous injection of saponin, L-NNA, methylene blue, TBA, lidocaine or nifedipine. These findings suggest that the endothelium-dependent relaxation and decrease in blood pressure induced by trazodone is mediated by release of NO from the endothelium, activation of TBA-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels or inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ entry through voltage-gated channel.

Effect of Mesoporous TiO₂ in Facilitated Olefin Transport Membranes Containing Ag Nanoparticles

김상진,정정표,김동준,김종학,Kim, Sang Jin,Jung, Jung Pyu,Kim, Dong Jun,Kim, Jong Hak The Membrane Society of Korea 2015 멤브레인 Vol.25 No.5

용액-확산 메커니즘에 의해 결정되는 기존의 고분자에서와는 달리, 촉진수송은 투과도와 선택도를 동시에 향상시킬 수 있는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 은 나노입자, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 7,7,8,8-테트라시야노퀴노디메탄으로 구성된 촉진수송 올레핀 분리막에 있어서, 메조기공 티타늄산화물($m-TiO_2$)에 대한 영향을 연구하였다. 특히 메조기공 티타늄산화물은 폴리비닐클로라이드-g-폴리옥시에틸렌 메타크릴레이트 가지형 공중합체를 템플레이트로 하여 쉽고 대량 생산이 가능한 방법으로 제조하였다. 엑스레이 회절분석에 따르면, 제조된 메조기공 티타늄산화물은 아나타제와 루타일 상의 혼합으로 구성되어 있으며, 결정의 크기가 약 16 nm 정도 되었다. 메조기공 티타늄산화물을 첨가하였을 때, 분리막의 확산도가 증가하여 혼합기체 투과도가 1.6에서 16 GPU로 증가하였고 선택도는 45에서 37로 약간 감소하였다. 메조기공 티타늄산화물이 첨가되지 않은 분리막은 장시간 성능이 유지되었으나, 메조기공 티타늄산화물이 첨가된 분리막의 경우 시간이 지남에 따라 투과도와 선택도가 감소하였다. 이는 티타늄산화물과 은 사이의 화학적 상호작용으로 은 나노입자의 올레핀 운반체로써의 활성을 감소시키기 때문으로 사료된다. Facilitated transport is considered to be a possible solution to simultaneously improve permeability and selectivity, which is challenging in normal polymeric membranes based on solution-diffusion transport only. We investigated the effect of adding mesoporous $TiO_2$ ($m-TiO_2$) upon the separation performance of facilitated olefin transport membranes comprising poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), Ag nanoparticles, and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as the polymer matrix, olefin carrier, and electron acceptor, respectively. In particular, $m-TiO_2$ was prepared by means of a facile, mass-producible method using poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) graft copolymer as the template. The crystal phase of $m-TiO_2$ consisted of an anatase/rutile mixture, of crystallite size approximately 16 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction. The introduction of $m-TiO_2$ increased the membrane diffusivity, thereby increasing the mixed-gas permeance from 1.6 to 16.0 GPU ($1GPU=10^{-6}cm^3$(STP)/($s{\times}cm^2{\times}cmHg$), and slightly decreased the propylene/propane selectivity from 45 to 37. However, both the mixed-gas permeance and selectivity of the membrane containing $m-TiO_2$ rapidly decreased over time, whereas the membrane without $m-TiO_2$ had more stable long-term performance. This difference might be attributed to specific chemical interactions between $TiO_2$ and Ag nanoparticles, causing Ag to lose activity as an olefin carrier.

흰쥐에서 혈관내피 의존적인 혈관이완과 혈압하강에 대한 propofol의 억제 효과

김상진,김정곤,조성건,강형섭,김진상,Kim, Shang-Jin,Kim, Jeong-gon,Joe, Sung-gun,Kang, Hyung-sub,Kim, Jin-shang 대한수의학회 2004 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.44 No.3

We studied the effect of propofol (PPF) on the endothelium-dependent vascular responses in isolated rat thoracic aorta. In aortic rings with endothelium, PPF inhibited the phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. In PE-precontracted preparations, PPF attenuated the endothelium-dependent relaxation by acetylcholine but not by A23187. And PPF did not attenuate the endothelium-independent relaxation by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The relaxation induced by acetylcholine in PE-precontracted aortic rings was significantly augmented by zaprinast, a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and this augmentation was inhibited by PPF. Although SNP-induced relaxation was significantly augmented by zaprinast, this augmentation was not inhibited by PPF. In preparations preconstricted with PE, the PPF-induced relaxation was inhibited by atropine. In addition, PPF attenuated the vasorelaxation by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (IBMX, Ro20-1724 or zaprinast except milrinone). In vivo, the infusion of acetylcholine and SNP showed decreased arterial blood pressure in rats. The pre-injection of PPF inhibited the acetylcholine-induced blood pressure lowering, but not the SNP-induced blood pressure lowering. These results suggest that PPF can attenuate in part the acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and blood pressure lowering through the inhibition of the acetylcholine receptor-mediated endothelium-derived relaxing factor by acting on endothelium. It is considered that the inhibitory effect of PPF on the vasorelaxation is due to the decreased level of cGMP which can be attributed to the inhibition of the muscarinic receptor and/or receptor-G-protein interaction.

3${\beta}$-Hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic Acid 유도체들의 PTP-1B저해활성에 대한 CoMSIA분석

김상진,정영호,김세곤,성낙도,Kim, Sang-Jin,Chung, Young-Ho,Kim, Se-Gon,Sung, Nack-Do 한국응용생명화학회 2008 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.51 No.3

기질 화합물로써 3${\beta}$-Hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid 유도체(1-30)들과 그들의 protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTP)-1B 저해활성에 관한 비교분자 유사성 지수분석(CoMSIA)보델을 유도하였다. QSAR 모델의 통계 값은 CoMFA>CoMSIA${\geq}$HQSAR>2D-QSAR 모델의 순서로 양호하였다. 최적화된 CoMSIA F1 모델은 grid 3.0${\AA}$과 field fit 정렬조건에서 가장 족은 예측성과 상관성($r^2_{cf}$=0.754 및 $r^2_{ncv}$=0.976)을 나타내었다. 저해 활성에 관한 CoMSIA상의 기여비율(%)은 수소결합 받게장(48.9%), 입체장(25.8%) 및 소수성장(25.4%)의 순서이었다. 그러므로 기질 화합물의 PTP-1B에 대한 저해활성은 $R_4$-치환기의 수소결합 받게 장(A)에 의존적이었다. 등고도 분석 결과로부터 $R_1$-치환기는 수소결합 받게장이 작고 $R_3$-치환기는 입체장이 작으며 그리고 $R_4$-치환기는 수소결합 받게장, 소수성 및 입체장이 큰 치환기가 저해활성을 증가시킬 것으로 예측되었다. The comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) models between 3${\beta}$-Hydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid (1-30) analogues as substrate molecule and their inhibitory activities ($pI_{50}$) against protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B were derived and discussed quantitatively. Listing in order, the CoMFA>CoMSIA${\geq}$HQSAR>2D-QSAR model, these QSAR models had the better statistical values. The optimized CoMSIA F1 model at grid 3.0${\AA}$ had the best predictability and fitness ($q^2$=0.754 and $r^2$=0.976) by field fit alignment. The order of contribution ratio (%) of CoMSIA fields concerning the inhibitory activities was a H-bond acceptor (48.9%), steric field (25.8%) and hydrophobic field (25.4%), respectively. Therefore, the inhibitory activities of substrate molecules against PTP-1B were dependent upon H-bond acceptor field (A) of $R_4$-group. From the analytical results of CoMSIA contour maps, oleanolic acid derivatives will have better inhibition activities if $R_1$ group has H-bond acceptor disfavor, $R_3$group has steric disfavor and $R_4$ group has steric, hydrophobic, H-bond favor.

흰쥐 대동맥에서 melatonin의 내피 의존적 혈관 이완 작용에 대한 lithium의 영향

김상진,유선봉,조인국,강형섭,김진상,Kim, Shang-Jin,Yu, Xianfeng,Cho, In-Gook,Kang, Hyung-Sub,Kim, Jin-Shang 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.4

Melatonin, the principal hormone of the vertebral pineal gland, participates in the regulation of cardiovascular system in vitro and in vivo. Lithium inhibits both inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (IPPase) and inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), which are involved in a wide range of signal transduction pathways. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of lithium on endothelial-dependent relaxation to melatonin and on the melatonin-induced inhibition of contraction by phenylephrine (PE) in isolated rat aorta. Melatonin induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in PE-precontracted in endothelium-intact (+E) aortic rings. Melatonin inhibited a PE-induced sustained contraction in +E aortic rings. These effects of melatonin on relaxation and contractile responses were inhibited by pretreatment with lithium. In PE-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxations and the inhibitory effects of melatonin on maximal contractions were inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with L-$N^G$-nitro-arginine (L-NNA), 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and nifedipine and verapamil, but not by tetrabutylammonium, clotrimazole and glibenclamide, However, in endothelium-denuded (-E) aortic rings and in the presence of L-NNA and ODQ in +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced residual relaxations and the melatonin-induced residual contractile responses to PE were not affected by lithium. It is concluded that the inositol phosphate pathway may be involved in endothelial-dependent relaxation induced by melatonin.

흰쥐 대동맥에서 phospholipase C를 경유한 melatonin의 혈관 이완 작용

김상진,백성수,강형섭,김진상,Kim, Shang-Jin,Baek, Sung-Soo,Kang, Hyung-Sub,Kim, Jin-Shang 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.4

Melatonin, the principal hormone of the vertebral pineal gland, participates in the regulation of cardiovascular system in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of melatonin on vascular tissues are still vague. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between phospholipase C (PLC) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling cascade in the relaxatory action of melatonin in isolated rat aorta. Melatonin induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine (PE)- and KCl-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) aortic rings. In KCl-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation was not inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with NOS inhibitors, L-$N^G$-nitor-arginine (L-NNA) and L-$N^G$-nitor-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors, methylene blue (MB) and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). In PE-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation was inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, ODQ and 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC). Moreover, in without endothelium (-E) aortic rings and in the presence of L-NNA, L-NAME, MB and ODQ in +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced residual relaxations and residual contractile responses to PE were not affected by NCDC, a PLC inhibitor. It is concluded that melatonin can evoke vasorelaxation due to inhibition of PLC pathway through the protein kinase G activation of endothelial NOS/cGMP signaling cascade.

대규모 도시화재에 의한 광역 부력유동의 수치해석에 대한 연구

김상진,Kim, Sang-Jin 한국방재학회 2003 한국도시방재학회지 Vol.3 No.2

지급결제에서 FinTech로 무현금화의 실현 가능성

김상진 ( Sang-jin¸ Kim ) 한국지급결제학회 2020 지급결제학회지 Vol.12 No.2

한국·중국·일본 동북아시아 3국은 오래 전부터 문화교류를 해왔지만 각자 사회 전반에 걸쳐 뚜렷한 정체성을 유지하고 있다. 특히 물건을 구매하는 결제수단 선호도를 보면 뚜렷한 차이를 알 수 있다. 한국에선 결제수단으로 신용카드 선호도가 높은 반면, 중국은 모바일 결제, 일본은 현금을 주로 사용한다. 한국의 현재 신용카드 결제 비중은 72%를 넘는 것으로 알려졌다. 여전히 현금사용이 28%나 된다. 한국인은 국제적으로 현금선호가 강한 나라이지만, 스웨덴 등의 나라에서는 급속히 현금 사용이 감소하고 있어 그 장점을 국민이 향유하고 있다. 정부가 근래에 있어서 무현금 결제의 보급을 정책목표의 하나로서 내걸고 있기 때문이다. 고액의 현금사용은 불공정 거래·불법 거래, 나아가 탈세 자금의 퇴장으로 연결되기 쉬우며, 그 방지를 위해서도 무현금화의 진전은 더 강하게 요구된다. 각국의 실정을 토대로 한 정책으로서는 당분간 현금거래, FinTech의 진흥 등을 선행시킬 수밖에 없지만, 향후 각국에서 무현금 거래는 현실이 될 것이다. 사용의 양적 제한(고액거래에의 현금사용의 제한)이라든지 질적 제한(지불종별의 현금사용의 제한) 등에 대해서도 규제범위 포함시키는 것이 적당하다고 생각된다. 무현금화의 검토에 있어서는 현재의 현금의 공급주체인 중앙은행의 미래에 대해서도 간단하게 언급할 필요가 있을 것이다. 본고에서는 비트코인과 같은 암호화폐나 민간 베이스의 가치가 안정적인 디지털 통화에 대해 별로 언급하지 않았다. 그러나 중앙은행 자체가 은행권을 대신해 디지털 통화를 발행함으로써, 무현금화를 실현하는 것은 가능할 것이다. 이것은 화폐제도·중앙은행 제도의 미래에 관련되는 큰 담론이므로, 여기에서는 본격적으로 검토하지 않지만, 스웨덴의 릭스뱅크는 디지털 통화인 ‘e크로나’의 도입을 위한 공정 등에 대해 발표하고 있다. 또한, 잉글랜드 은행에서도, 본격적인 검토가 이루어지고 있는 것 같다. 우리도 이러한 논의를 구상할 때, 이 모든 것을 염두에 두어야 한다는 사실만을 강조하고자 한다. The three countries in Northeast Asia, Korea, China, and Japan have long exchanged cultures, but each maintains a distinct identity throughout society. In particular, you can see a distinct difference if you look at the preference of payment methods for purchasing goods. In Korea, credit cards are preferred as a payment method, while mobile payments in China and cash are mainly used in Japan. It is known that the current share of credit card payments in Korea exceeds 72%. Still, 28% of cash is used. Koreans are a country with strong international preference for cash, but in countries such as Sweden, the use of cash is rapidly declining, and the people enjoy the advantage. This is because the government has recently put forward the spread of cashless payments as one of its policy goals. The use of large amounts of cash is likely to lead to unfair transactions, illegal transactions, and the exit of tax evasion funds, and further advances in cashless currency are required to prevent them. As a policy based on the circumstances of each country, cash transactions and FinTech promotions have no choice but to precede for the time being, but cashless transactions in each country will become a reality in the future. It is considered appropriate to include the regulatory scope for quantitative restrictions on use (restrictions on the use of cash in high-value transactions) and qualitative restrictions (restrictions on cash use by payment type). In the review of cashless currency, it is necessary to briefly mention the future of the central bank, which is the current cash supplier. In this article, we did not mention much about cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or digital currencies with stable private base values. However, it would be possible for the central bank itself to realize cashless by issuing digital currencies on behalf of banknotes. This is a big discourse related to the future of the monetary system and the central bank system, so it is not reviewed in earnest here, but Rixbank of Sweden is presenting the process for the introduction of the digital currency “ekrona”. Also, the Bank of England seems to be undergoing a full-scale review. I want to emphasize only the fact that we, too, need to keep all of this in mind when conceiving this discussion.

"창원한서병원과 진영한서병원을 개원 육성하기까지의 과정을 중심으로"

김상진,Kim, Sang-Jin 대한병원협회 1996 대한병원협회지 Vol.25 No.3

기니픽에서 trazodone의 혈관 이완 및 혈압 하강 효과

김상진,강형섭,김진상,Kim, Shang-Jin,Kang, Hyung-Sub,Kim, Jin-Shang 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.4

We studied the effects of trazodone on arterial blood pressure in anesthesized guinea pigs, and on vascular responses in isolated thoracic aorta. Trazodone produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) rings, but not in a KCl-precontracted aortic rings. These relaxant effects of trazodone on +E rings were significantly greater than those on denuded (-E) rings. The trazodone-induced relaxation was suppressed by glibenclamide and tetrabutylammonium, but not by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue (MB), nifedipine, indomethacin, 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC) and clotrimazole. In vivo, infusion of trazodone elicited a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure. Trazodone-induced blood pressure lowering was markedly inhibited by intravenous pretreatment of prazosin but not by pretreatment of saponin, L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, nifedipine, glibenclamide, clotrimazole and NCDC. In addition, trazodone produced an increase in twitch force of isolated papillary muscle and left ventricular pressure of perfused heart. These findings suggest that the endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of trazodone may be explained by activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated and ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels, and the hypotensive effect of trazodone is not associated with cardiac contraction.