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김상진,강형섭,김진상,Kim, Sang-Jin,Kang, Hyung-sub,Kim, Jin-shang 대한수의학회 2004 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.44 No.3
The therapeutic efficacy of xylamine in the field of psychological medicine has been recognized for years and the drug is used to treat depression and some other conditions, but little is known about its mechanism of action on vascular system. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the influence of xylamine on the contractile responses of isolated rat thoracic arteries to phenylephrine(PE) and potassium chloride(KCl). Xylamine produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in PE-precontracted endothelium intact(+E) rat aortic rings, but not in a KCl-precontracted aortic rings. Also, xylamine inhibited the PE-induced contraction in concentration-dependent manner, but not in the high KCl-induced contraction in +E rings. This concentration-dependent inhibition was suppressed by the removal of the endothelium (-E). The inhibitory effects of xylamine($0.3{\mu}M$) on the PE-induced contractions were suppressed by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME), aminoguanidine, dexamethasone, methylene blue, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one(ODQ), indomethacin, ryanodine, tetrabutylammonium(TBA), lidocaine, procaine and 0 mM extracellular $Na^+$, but not by 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate(NCDC), lithium, nifedipine, verapamil, 0 mM extracellular $Ca^{2+}$, glibenclamide and clotrimazole. These findings suggest that xylamine could act as a vasorelaxant and direct inhibitor of arterial contraction. This vasorelaxation involves an endothelial nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP (guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate) pathway or cyclooxygenase system, and an interference with $Ca^{2+}$ release, TBA-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels and $Na^+$$ channels.
흰쥐 대동맥에서 phospholipase C를 경유한 melatonin의 혈관 이완 작용
김상진,백성수,강형섭,김진상,Kim, Shang-Jin,Baek, Sung-Soo,Kang, Hyung-Sub,Kim, Jin-Shang 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.4
Melatonin, the principal hormone of the vertebral pineal gland, participates in the regulation of cardiovascular system in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of melatonin on vascular tissues are still vague. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between phospholipase C (PLC) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling cascade in the relaxatory action of melatonin in isolated rat aorta. Melatonin induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine (PE)- and KCl-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) aortic rings. In KCl-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation was not inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with NOS inhibitors, L-$N^G$-nitor-arginine (L-NNA) and L-$N^G$-nitor-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors, methylene blue (MB) and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). In PE-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxation was inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, ODQ and 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC). Moreover, in without endothelium (-E) aortic rings and in the presence of L-NNA, L-NAME, MB and ODQ in +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced residual relaxations and residual contractile responses to PE were not affected by NCDC, a PLC inhibitor. It is concluded that melatonin can evoke vasorelaxation due to inhibition of PLC pathway through the protein kinase G activation of endothelial NOS/cGMP signaling cascade.
흰쥐에서 ATP 결핍에 의한 혈중 Mg<sup>2+</sup> 농도조절
김상진,백성수,심소연,오성숙,김진상,Kim, Shang-jin,Baek, Sung-soo,Shim, So-yeon,Oh, Sung-suck,Kim, Jin-shang 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.2
Since intracellular free $Mg^{2+}$ ($[Mg^{2+}]_i$) appears to be tightly regulated following cellular energy depletion, we hypothesized that the increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_i$ would result in $Mg^{2+}$ extrusion into circulation. Extracellualr $Mg^{2+}$ contents ($[Mg^{2+}]_o$) were measured in rat erythrocytes, the perfused heart and liver, and plasma in the anesthetized rat. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with sodium nitrite ($NaNO_2$) and plasma $Mg^{2+}$ was measured after the injection and then 10 and 20 minutes later. An increase in circulating (plasma) $Mg^{2+}$ ($[Mg^{2+}]_c$) and methemoglobin was observed in animals injected with $NaNO_2$ (30 mg/Kg). The time course of the effects demonstrated that $[Mg^{2+}]_c$ and methemoglobin continued to increase 10 minutes after the $NaNO_2$ injection. Under these conditions, there was a sustained increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$, but not in methemoglobin, which was inhibited by pretreatment with potassium cyanide (KCN, 4 mg/Kg), indicating that an increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$ was accompanied by ATP depletion. Injection of rotenone (0.9 mg/Kg) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (15 mg/Kg) also induced an increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$. Reduced respiration rate from 100/min to 10/min during 30 minutes also caused a time-dependent rise in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$. These increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_c$ were inhibited by pretreatment with KCN. In addition, ATP depletion by $NaNO_2$ or KCN sustainedly increased the $[Mg^{2+}]_o$ in rat erythrocytes. $Mg^{2+}$ efflux was stimulated by KCN in the perfused heart and liver, but not by $NaNO_2$. These results suggest that the activation of $Mg^{2+}$ effluxes into the circulation is directly dependent on the ATP depletion-induced increase in $[Mg^{2+}]_i$ and heart, liver and erythrocytes have a major pool of $Mg^{2+}$ that can be mobilized upon cellular energy state.
김상진,정정표,김동준,김종학,Kim, Sang Jin,Jung, Jung Pyu,Kim, Dong Jun,Kim, Jong Hak The Membrane Society of Korea 2015 멤브레인 Vol.25 No.5
용액-확산 메커니즘에 의해 결정되는 기존의 고분자에서와는 달리, 촉진수송은 투과도와 선택도를 동시에 향상시킬 수 있는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 은 나노입자, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 7,7,8,8-테트라시야노퀴노디메탄으로 구성된 촉진수송 올레핀 분리막에 있어서, 메조기공 티타늄산화물($m-TiO_2$)에 대한 영향을 연구하였다. 특히 메조기공 티타늄산화물은 폴리비닐클로라이드-g-폴리옥시에틸렌 메타크릴레이트 가지형 공중합체를 템플레이트로 하여 쉽고 대량 생산이 가능한 방법으로 제조하였다. 엑스레이 회절분석에 따르면, 제조된 메조기공 티타늄산화물은 아나타제와 루타일 상의 혼합으로 구성되어 있으며, 결정의 크기가 약 16 nm 정도 되었다. 메조기공 티타늄산화물을 첨가하였을 때, 분리막의 확산도가 증가하여 혼합기체 투과도가 1.6에서 16 GPU로 증가하였고 선택도는 45에서 37로 약간 감소하였다. 메조기공 티타늄산화물이 첨가되지 않은 분리막은 장시간 성능이 유지되었으나, 메조기공 티타늄산화물이 첨가된 분리막의 경우 시간이 지남에 따라 투과도와 선택도가 감소하였다. 이는 티타늄산화물과 은 사이의 화학적 상호작용으로 은 나노입자의 올레핀 운반체로써의 활성을 감소시키기 때문으로 사료된다. Facilitated transport is considered to be a possible solution to simultaneously improve permeability and selectivity, which is challenging in normal polymeric membranes based on solution-diffusion transport only. We investigated the effect of adding mesoporous $TiO_2$ ($m-TiO_2$) upon the separation performance of facilitated olefin transport membranes comprising poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), Ag nanoparticles, and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as the polymer matrix, olefin carrier, and electron acceptor, respectively. In particular, $m-TiO_2$ was prepared by means of a facile, mass-producible method using poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) graft copolymer as the template. The crystal phase of $m-TiO_2$ consisted of an anatase/rutile mixture, of crystallite size approximately 16 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction. The introduction of $m-TiO_2$ increased the membrane diffusivity, thereby increasing the mixed-gas permeance from 1.6 to 16.0 GPU ($1GPU=10^{-6}cm^3$(STP)/($s{\times}cm^2{\times}cmHg$), and slightly decreased the propylene/propane selectivity from 45 to 37. However, both the mixed-gas permeance and selectivity of the membrane containing $m-TiO_2$ rapidly decreased over time, whereas the membrane without $m-TiO_2$ had more stable long-term performance. This difference might be attributed to specific chemical interactions between $TiO_2$ and Ag nanoparticles, causing Ag to lose activity as an olefin carrier.
김상진 ( Sang-jin¸ Kim ) 한국지급결제학회 2020 지급결제학회지 Vol.12 No.2
한국·중국·일본 동북아시아 3국은 오래 전부터 문화교류를 해왔지만 각자 사회 전반에 걸쳐 뚜렷한 정체성을 유지하고 있다. 특히 물건을 구매하는 결제수단 선호도를 보면 뚜렷한 차이를 알 수 있다. 한국에선 결제수단으로 신용카드 선호도가 높은 반면, 중국은 모바일 결제, 일본은 현금을 주로 사용한다. 한국의 현재 신용카드 결제 비중은 72%를 넘는 것으로 알려졌다. 여전히 현금사용이 28%나 된다. 한국인은 국제적으로 현금선호가 강한 나라이지만, 스웨덴 등의 나라에서는 급속히 현금 사용이 감소하고 있어 그 장점을 국민이 향유하고 있다. 정부가 근래에 있어서 무현금 결제의 보급을 정책목표의 하나로서 내걸고 있기 때문이다. 고액의 현금사용은 불공정 거래·불법 거래, 나아가 탈세 자금의 퇴장으로 연결되기 쉬우며, 그 방지를 위해서도 무현금화의 진전은 더 강하게 요구된다. 각국의 실정을 토대로 한 정책으로서는 당분간 현금거래, FinTech의 진흥 등을 선행시킬 수밖에 없지만, 향후 각국에서 무현금 거래는 현실이 될 것이다. 사용의 양적 제한(고액거래에의 현금사용의 제한)이라든지 질적 제한(지불종별의 현금사용의 제한) 등에 대해서도 규제범위 포함시키는 것이 적당하다고 생각된다. 무현금화의 검토에 있어서는 현재의 현금의 공급주체인 중앙은행의 미래에 대해서도 간단하게 언급할 필요가 있을 것이다. 본고에서는 비트코인과 같은 암호화폐나 민간 베이스의 가치가 안정적인 디지털 통화에 대해 별로 언급하지 않았다. 그러나 중앙은행 자체가 은행권을 대신해 디지털 통화를 발행함으로써, 무현금화를 실현하는 것은 가능할 것이다. 이것은 화폐제도·중앙은행 제도의 미래에 관련되는 큰 담론이므로, 여기에서는 본격적으로 검토하지 않지만, 스웨덴의 릭스뱅크는 디지털 통화인 ‘e크로나’의 도입을 위한 공정 등에 대해 발표하고 있다. 또한, 잉글랜드 은행에서도, 본격적인 검토가 이루어지고 있는 것 같다. 우리도 이러한 논의를 구상할 때, 이 모든 것을 염두에 두어야 한다는 사실만을 강조하고자 한다. The three countries in Northeast Asia, Korea, China, and Japan have long exchanged cultures, but each maintains a distinct identity throughout society. In particular, you can see a distinct difference if you look at the preference of payment methods for purchasing goods. In Korea, credit cards are preferred as a payment method, while mobile payments in China and cash are mainly used in Japan. It is known that the current share of credit card payments in Korea exceeds 72%. Still, 28% of cash is used. Koreans are a country with strong international preference for cash, but in countries such as Sweden, the use of cash is rapidly declining, and the people enjoy the advantage. This is because the government has recently put forward the spread of cashless payments as one of its policy goals. The use of large amounts of cash is likely to lead to unfair transactions, illegal transactions, and the exit of tax evasion funds, and further advances in cashless currency are required to prevent them. As a policy based on the circumstances of each country, cash transactions and FinTech promotions have no choice but to precede for the time being, but cashless transactions in each country will become a reality in the future. It is considered appropriate to include the regulatory scope for quantitative restrictions on use (restrictions on the use of cash in high-value transactions) and qualitative restrictions (restrictions on cash use by payment type). In the review of cashless currency, it is necessary to briefly mention the future of the central bank, which is the current cash supplier. In this article, we did not mention much about cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin or digital currencies with stable private base values. However, it would be possible for the central bank itself to realize cashless by issuing digital currencies on behalf of banknotes. This is a big discourse related to the future of the monetary system and the central bank system, so it is not reviewed in earnest here, but Rixbank of Sweden is presenting the process for the introduction of the digital currency “ekrona”. Also, the Bank of England seems to be undergoing a full-scale review. I want to emphasize only the fact that we, too, need to keep all of this in mind when conceiving this discussion.
김상진,Kim, Sang-Jin 한국태양에너지학회 2007 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.27 No.2
The surface changes due to urban expansion and the increase of artificial heat releases have brought significant climate changes such as heat island phenomenon in urban area. Furthermore, these changes also have brought serious problems such as air temperature increase, wind changes, and air pollution in urban area. Comprehensive analytical technologies considering various effects are required to analyse complicated mechanism of climate changes, and review the efficient measures. In this research, the effect of the urban expansion in Tokyo and Bangkok area on urban environment will be discussed. By using CFD, urban development and the mechanism of global warming and wind change are studied in those two cities. As a result of numerical research, the surface changes of city could bring the environmental changes in urban area.
계지반하생강탕 및 침구치료로 호전된 기능성 소화불량 환자의 치험 1례
김상진,이재홍,고석재,박재우,Kim, Sang-jin,Lee, Jae-hong,Ko, Seok-jae,Park, Jae-woo 대한한방내과학회 2016 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.37 No.2
Objective: This case presents the effects of Gyejibanhasaenggang-tang, acupuncture, and moxibustion on functional dyspepsia.Method: A patient was treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion. Functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL), the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), and the gastrointestinal scale (GIS) were assessed for evaluation.Results: Symptoms of functional dyspepsia improved after the 22 days of Gyejibanhasaenggang-tang treatment.Conclusion: This case suggests that the combination of Gyejibanhasaenggang-tang, acupuncture, and moxibustion could be effective in treating functional dyspepsia.
김상진,구용리,김영주,유형곤,Sang Jin Kim,MD,Young Ri Gu,Young Joo Kim,Hyeong Gon Yu,MD,PhD 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.10
Purpose: To investigate the effect of curcumin, known to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor-1, on retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods: OIR was induced by exposing C57BL/6 mice on postnatal day 7 (P7) to 75% hyperoxia for 5 days, followed by 5 days in a room with normal oxygen level. Curcumin was administered intraperitoneally once a day for 5 days from P12 or intravitreally once on P13. Mice retinas on P17 were analyzed for retinal neovascularization, which was compared between curcumin-treated and control mice. Results: After intraperitoneal and intravitreal administration of curcumin, qualitative assessment of retinal neovascularization of flat-mounted retina showed no significant difference compared to control retinas. Quantitative assessment of retinal neovascularization also showed no significant difference between curcumin-treated and control mice. Conclusions: Both intraperitoneal and intravitreal administration of curcumin did not reduce retinal neovascularization in an OIR mouse model. Further investigation including development of new formulations is required for the use of curcumin as an anti-angiogenic agent for retinal neovascularization.