피아노와 근대 -초기 한국 피아노음악의 사회사

김미현 ( Mi Hyun Kim ) 한국음악학학회 2010 음악학 Vol.18 No.2

이 논문에서 연구자는 근대 피아노문화를 사회사적 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 근대시기 피아노는 한국 근대음악의 표상으로 등장했고, 피아노음악은 문명화된 신문화로 뿌리내렸다. 피아노는 1910년 경 근대식 학교를 통해 등장했는데, 초기 피아니스트로는 김영환 · 박경호 · 정애식 · 김메리 · 김원복 · 이애내 · 김영의 등이 존재했다. 이들은 주로 선교사들에 의해서 세워진 교회 및 근대식 학교를 통해 음악 입문 및 수학을 이루었고, 그 후에 본격적인 피아노 수학을 위해서 일본과 미국, 나아가 독일 유학을 감행했다. 이 시기 피아니스트들의 음악활동으로는 연주와 반주가 지배적이었다. 박경호 · 김영의 등이 독주회를 연 바 없지 않으나, 선교 · 음악 보급 · 단체 후원 · 기념 등의 다양한 목적을 위해서 옴니버스식의 연주회가 즐겨 이루어졌다. 또한 피아노는 성악 및 기악 연주회의 반주를 책임지는 경우가 많았는데, 그것은 이 시기 피아노가 독주악기로서 보다 반주악기로서의 기능이 훨씬 더 우세했던 것을 반영한다. 피아노 독주를 위한 레퍼토리는 주로 서양의 고전 · 낭만시기에 한정되었다. 모차르트 · 베토벤 · 멘델스존 · 슈만 · 쇼팽 · 브람스 등의 작곡가들의 곡들이 지배적이었기 때문이다. 이들의 낭만적인 음악은 각종 콩쿠르의 지정곡으로 제시됨으로써 레퍼토리의 표준화를 강화시켰다. 낭만적인 음악은 물론, 낭만주의 미학관을 수용한 당대 피아니스트는 식민지 조선의 현실에도 불구하고, 이상적인 세계를 꿈꾸었다. 그러한 문명국에 대한 그들의 환상과 인식은 초기 서양 선교사들이 가졌던 오리엔탈리즘과도 무관하지 않다. 또한 근대시기는 문명적인 것, 곧 ‘깨끗하고 순수함’이 음악에서 순수음악주의를 낳았다. 김영환 · 김메리 · 김애리시 · 윤기성 · 박경호 등 많은 피아니스트들은 유행가나 재즈의 도덕 · 윤리적 저급성에 문제를 제기했다. 그러나 그들의 순수음악주의는 식민지 조선의 역사적 현실 앞에서는 둔감했다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the modern piano culture in Korea from the historical perspective. The piano had emerged as a symbol of modern music and the piano music rooted as a civilized new culture in Korea in the early twentieth century. The piano was brought in through the modernized school around 1910 and the following pianists were representative of the pianist in the early stage: Young-Hwan Kim, Kyung-Ho Park, Ae-Sik Jung, Mery Kim, Won-Bok Kim, Ae-Nae Lee, and Yung-Eui Kim. The pianists in the early twentieth century in Korea mostly encountered and learned the Western music through the churches and modernized schools built by missionaries. For a full-fledged study, they took decisive actions to go abroad to Japan, America, and even to Germany. The dominant musical activities of the pianist in this era were performing as a soloist and playing as an accompanist. Even though some pianists such as Kyung-Ho Park and Young-Eui Kim performed piano solo recitals, omnibus style concerts were much more popular; there were lots of omnibus style concerts for various purposes such as missionary, music distribution, group sponsor, and commemoration. In addition, many pianists had appeared as an accompanist for the vocal and instrumental concert in many occasions. It reflects the fact that the piano in this era functioned much more as an accompanying instrument than as a solo instrument. Solo piano repertoires in this era were limited in the Western Classical and Romantic period; such as the music of Mozart, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin and Brahms. These composers` romantic music intensified the standardization of the repertoire by being presented as an assigned piece for various competitions. Pianists in this era, who embraced the romantic aesthetic as well as the romantic music, dreamed of an ideal world despite the reality of a colonial Chosun. Their illusion and recognition over a civilization has some kind of relationship to Orientalism, which the early Western missionaries had. In addition, the civilization of the modernity, “being clean and pure”, caused an attention to a “Pure Music” in the music. Many pianists including Young-Hwan Kim, Mery Kim, Ae-Lee-Si Kim, Ki-Sung Yun and Kyung-Ho Park raised a question over the low morality and ethicality of the popular songs and jazz music. However, their “Pure Music” was insensitive to the historical reality of the colonial Chosun.

여대생의 부모 동거 여부에 따른 영양 상태 및 식사의 질 평가

김미현,이재철,배윤정,조혜경,김명희,김은영,홍원주,승정자,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Lee, Jae-Cheol,Bae, Yun-Jung,Cho, Hye-Kyung,Kim, Myung-Hee,Kim, Eun-Young,Hong, Won-Ju,Sung, Chung-Ja 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.6

This study was to analyzed the quality of the meal and the level of nutritional intake in female college students according to the place of residence in female college students. This survey was conducted through questionnaire was given to 359 female students. The subjects were divided into two groups : one group was comprised of those the students who resided in a self-boarding house(SB group, n=245), and the other group comprised of was the student those who resided in the same house with their parents(HWP group, n=114). The mean age of the subjects were 21.6 years old(SB) and 20.6 years old(HWP)(p<0.05). The average height, weight and BMI were 161.8 cm, 57.9 kg, $20.3kg/m^2$ in the SB group and 161.9 cm, 53.4 kg, $20.3kg/m^2$ in HWP group, respectively. The SB group had significantly higher frequency of skipping breakfast and alcohol drinking consumption than the HWP group. There was no significant differences in the mean daily energy intakes between the SB and the HWP groups. However, the plant protein(p<0.01), carbohydrate (p<0.05), vitamin $B_1$(p<0.01), vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05), vitamin C(p<0.01), plant calcium(p<0.01) and potassium(p<0.05) intakes were significantly lower in the SB group were lower than the intakes in the HWP group significantly. And in addition, the cereals(p<0.05) and fruits(p<0.001) intakes in the SB group were significantly lower than the intakes in the HWP group. There was no significant differences in the KDDS and DVS between the two groups, but there was a decreasing trending downward. For that reason, the SB students seemed appeared to have more dietary problems than the HWP students. These results suggest that nutritional education for SB students are is needed in order to supply the lack of management capability on the proper help improve the diet of students living in independently life.

유방촬영시 관찰조건에 따른 임상영상평가

김미현,김창복,지연상,동경래,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Kim, Chang-Bok,Ji, Youn-Sang,Dong, Kyung-Rae 대한디지털의료영상학회 2010 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2

High contrast and high resolution are the most important factors for examining mammography images. Despite of the inconveniences of screen-film, most clinics still prefer them to computed radiography(CR) and direct radiography(DR). The reading of screen-film mammography images is influenced by the brightness from the X-ray illuminator, the exam room and incoming light from outside sources. Therefore, a comparative analysis on the results of mammo phantom images would be variated by the changes in the reading environment. There was no influence on reading results from the examiners close distance eyesight(p > 0.05); however, reading of micro lesions improved with greater darkness in the X-ray film reading room and the brightness of the X-ray illuminator(p < 0.05). Also, observation of fiber and mass images were maximized at a distance of 50 cm from the reader. Now, it is possible to observe these small classification groups using a magnifying glass without being physically close to the image. For the image of mammography, obtaining high quality images is important but in order to get an accurate clinical lesions of the reading also needs to be considered the optimal environmental factors.

가정용 전자레인지를 이용한 간편 홍삼 제조

김미현,김경탁,조장원,노정해,Kim, Mi Hyun,Kim, Kyung Tack,Cho, Chang-Won,Rho, Jeonghae 한국식품조리과학회 2012 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

본 연구에서는 가정용 전자레인지를 이용하여 간편하고 신속하게 홍삼을 제조하고 제조된 홍삼의 이화학적 특성을 조사하고자 하였다. 홍삼 제조 방법은 가정용 전자레인지의 '해동기능' 13분(A), 가정용 전자레인지의 '조리기능' 6분(B), 가정용 전자레인지의 '해동기능' 44분(C)로 하였다. 전자레인지로 제조된 홍삼의 외관, 분말의 색, 사포닌 조성, 홍삼 제조 시 용출된 사포닌의 양 등을 기존의 일반 홍삼과 비교하였다. 가정용 전자레인지의 '조리기능' 6분(B)과 '해동기능' 44분(C)으로 만든 홍삼은 일반 홍삼과 유사한 색을 가졌다. 전자레인지에 의한 홍삼 제조 시에는 기존 일반 홍삼 제조에 비해 사포닌 손실이 거의 없었다. 전자레인지 홍삼의 총페놀 함량은 일반 홍삼과 유사하였으며, 전자레인지 홍삼의 진세노사이드 함량은 일반 홍삼보다 높았다. 전자레인지 홍삼(A, B)의 진세노사이드 $Rg_1$, Re, Rf, $Rg_2+Rh_1$, $Rb_1$, Rc, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rd, $Rg_3$ 함량은 일반 홍삼보다 높았으며, 해동 기능 44분의 홍삼(C)은 진세노사이드 $Rg_1$, Re, $Rg_2+Rh_1$, Rc, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rd, $Rg_3$의 값이 일반 홍삼보다 높았다. 본 연구에서는 가정용 전자레인지를 이용하여 신속하고 간편하게 고기능성의 홍삼을 만드는 방법을 살펴보았고 이로써 인삼 소비 증진 등이 기대된다. The study was about to produce red ginsengs easily, using a household microwave oven to promote the consumption of fresh ginsengs in the home. Producing red ginsengs with a household microwave oven 'defrost function' takes 13 minutes (A), 'cook function' 6 minutes (B), and finally, 'defrost function' 44 minutes (C). For characteristics of microwave-produced red ginsengs, total saponin loss, color of powder, polyphenol content and saponin composition were compared with common red ginsengs. The color test for red ginseng powder showed that the color of household microwave-produced 6-minute cooked red ginseng (B) or 44-minute defrosted red ginseng (C) was closer to that of the common red ginsengs (E). The total saponin content in water eluted during red ginseng production showed that the saponin loss in microwave red ginseng was negligible compared to the common red ginsengs. Microwave red ginsengs showed no difference in phenol content that of the and higher total ginsenoside content than common red ginsengs. The ginsenoside $Rg_1$, Re, Rf, $Rg_2+Rh_1$, $Rb_1$, Rc, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rd and $Rg_3$ contents of microwave red ginsengs (A, B) were higher compared to that of the common red ginsengs; the ginsenoside Re, Rc, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rd and $Rg_3$ contents of 44-minute defrosted red ginseng (C) were higher compared to the common red ginsengs. It is considered that red ginseng production, using microwave oven at home, can be a fast and convenient way to produce highly functional red ginsengs with high ginsenoside content.

인천지역 일부 중학생의 스마트기기 사용시간에 따른 식습관 및 식사의 질 평가

김미현,이슬기,연지영,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Lee, Seul-Ki,Yeon, Jee-Young 대한영양사협회 2020 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary quality and smart device use among middle school students. A total of 330 middle school students (171 boys and 159 girls) residing in Incheon participated in this questionnaire survey in June 2018. The boys and girls were divided into two groups according to their daily use time of smart devices: less than 3 hours a day (<3 hours) and 3 hours or more a day (≥3 hours). Eating habits and dietary quality were assessed using a nutrition quotient for adolescents (NA-Q). For boys and girls, higher consumption frequency of white milk was significantly associated with less time spent using a smart device. For boys, a higher number of vegetable dishes and eating frequency of breakfast were significantly associated with the less time spent using a smart device. For girls, higher consumption frequency of processed beverages, ramyeon, and street foods was significantly associated with more time spent using a smart device. For boys and girls, those who spent more time using a smart device had significantly lower NA-Q scores, indicating low dietary quality. To sum up, more time spent using a smart device among middle school students may be associated with lower dietary quality. These results suggest the need to provide a nutrition education program and guidelines to students who use smart devices for a long time.

폐경 여성의 갱년기 증상에 따른 영양소, 식물성 에스트로겐 및 식품 종류별 섭취 비교

김미현,배윤정,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Bae, Yun-Jung 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between climacteric symptoms and intakes of various nutrients, phytoestrogens and foods in postmenopausal women. We conducted anthropometric measurements, questionnaire interview and 24hr dietary recall for 3 days in 128 postmenopausal women aged $49{\sim}64$. The subjects were divided into the two groups, NCMS(non climacteric symptoms group) and CMS(climacteric symptoms group), according to the severity of the climacteric symptoms. There were no significant difference in anthropometric measurements, maternal factors(menarche age, menopause age), subjective health status, frequency of exercise, smoking and drinking status between the two groups. The Mg and lignan precusor intakes of the NCMS group were significantly higher than those of the CMS group. Mg, lignan precusor, pulse and seed intakes had negative correlations with the severity of climacteric symptoms. From this study results, Mg, phytoestrogen(especially some lignan) and some food groups like as pulse and seeds may prevent and reduce climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.

계측시스템에 의한 저수지 제체의 안정성 평가

김미현,이달원,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Lee, Dal-Won 한국농공학회 2009 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.51 No.6

This study analyzed data on the pore water pressure, the ground water level, the horizontal displacement and the resistivity monitoring from instrument system, which is established to evaluate the safety in reservoirs. The pore water pressure in the embankment ranged from $0.035{\sim}1.116kg/cm^2$. The seepage that piping showed, as well as the leakage from the reservoirs are acceptable for the safety management of the reservoir. The maximum horizontal displacement and direction analyzed from the measured inclinometer data gives us very effective information to evaluate the safety in reservoirs. The resistivity monitoring technique, which is obtained on the reservoir crest, is an efficient tool to detect leakage zone. The safety index (SI) was predicted by the resistivity monitoring, and was evaluated to have a safety level of 0.8-1.0 at all reservoirs. Safety evaluations of reservoir through instrument systems are effective when studying the embankment, when the results of the instrument system have been analyzed compositively.

신장 자극이 근 수축 촉진에 미치는 영향에 관한 고찰

김미현,배성수,최재원,Kim, Mi-hyun,Bae, Sung-soo,Choi, Jae-won 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2003 PNF and Movement Vol.1 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to summarize the effect of stretch stimulus on muscle contraction facilitation. Methods : Some studies of the stretch reflex. ${\gamma}-motor$ system, and the effect of stretch stimulus on muscle activation were reviewed. Results : To facilitate muscle contraction, before the movement is started, the prime mover is in stretched position. The patient must be instructed to occur voluntary muscle contraction after quick stretching. It elicits the functional stretch reflex to produce a more powerful and functional contraction. The intensity of muscle contraction depends on two ways. One is firing rate of ${\alpha}-motor$ neuron by sensory information from the periphery induced in stretched position and stretch reflex. The other is excitation level of the cortical motor area and the corresponding motor neurons. Conclusions: To activate central nervous system and to increase firing rate of ${\alpha}-motor$ neuron. the therapist should apply quick stretch for the patient with stretched position and the patient should make voluntary muscle contraction.

한국 성인 여자에서 복부비만에 따른 만성질환 위험 비교 - 2013~2014년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 -

김미현,Kim, Mi Hyun 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

This study was conducted to investigate the risk of chronic disease as predicted by abdominal obesity in Korean adult females. Data on 2,738 adult females aged 40~64 yrs was obtained from the 2013~2014 Korean National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into normal (n=1,835), abdominal obesity (AO, n=73), and BMI-diagnosed abdominal obesity (BMI-AO, n=505) groups based on the NCEP-ATP III guidelines and by applying the KSSO definition regarding waist circumference. Triglyceride blood levels, fasting blood sugar levels, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the AO and BMI-AO groups than in the normal group. The HDL-cholesterol levels of subjects in the two abdominal groups were lower as compared to those of subjects in the normal group. The mean adequacy ratio was lower among subjects in the AO and BMI-AO groups than among those in the normal group. Moreover, the NAR and INQ scores of some micro-nutrients in both of the abdominal obesity groups were lower than those in the normal group. Both the AO and BMI-AO groups showed significantly higher risks of hypertriglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypoHDL-cholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome than were shown by the normal group. Notably, as compared to the normal group, the AO group showed higher risk of hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDL-cholesterolemia, hypertriglycemia, and metabolic syndrome than did the BMI-AO group. This finding suggests that it is essential to develop prevention programs including programs for those with abdominal obesity despite their having a BMI within the normal range.

발효 천마의 기능성 물질 함량 변화 및 항산화 활성

김미현,김중규,최재홍,Kim, Mi Hyun,Kim, Jong Gyu,Choi, Jae Hong 한국식품영양학회 2014 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity and changes in major functional components of fermented Gastrodia elata Blume. Fermented G. elata Blume powder by Phellinus linteus repeated thrice ($3^{rd}$ FGP) showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity than a non-fermented G. elata Blume powder (NFGP), and once fermented G. elata Blume powder ($1^{st}$ FGP) at a concentration of 500 and 1,000 ppm. Free radical scavenging activity of $3^{rd}$ FGP was similar to that of BHA at a dose of 1,000 ppm. Moreover, the ABTS radical scavenging activity of the $3^{rd}$ FGP increased compared to NFGP and $1^{st}$ FGP at a concentration of 31.25 ppm. Total polyphenols and flavonoid contents were increased as fermentation progressed. Ergothioneine content was increased more than 8 times in the $1^{st}$ FGP, 3 times in the $3^{rd}$ FGP, respectively than NFGP. In conclusion, this study indicated that the antioxidant activity and functional component contents of G. elata Blume were increased depending on the fermentation number.