1880년 내시(內侍) 우계범(禹啓範)이 관여한 충주 산송의 특수 사례 고찰

김나라 ( Kim Na Ra ) 한국고문서학회 2024 古文書硏究 Vol.64 No.-

본 논문은 충북 지역의 특수 산송 사례를 제시하고, 정조대 이후 내시의 송사 처리 과정을 조명하기 위해 작성되었다. 충주(忠州) 마사(麻沙) 단양우씨(丹陽禹氏) 집안은 17세기부터 충주에 세거하며, 가차산면(加次山面)·금생면(金生面)·동량동면(東良洞面)·산척면(山尺面) 일대에 분산(墳山)을 조성하였다. 이 분산들은 19세기에 여러 차례 산송을 겪었다. 그 가운데 산척면에 위치한 우천석(禹天錫)·우팽(禹伻) 부자 묘소 산송에 내시부(內侍府) 내시(內侍)가 관여한 사례가 확인되어 이를 살펴보았다. 내시 우계범(禹啓範)이 관여한 산송의 전말은 다음과 같다. 충주에 세거하던 평해손씨 집안이 관과 결탁하여 우천석ㆍ우팽 부자 묘소에 늑장(勒葬)하면서 시작된 산송은 몇 년 동안 지연되는 양상을 보였다. 충주 마사 단양우씨 집안은 산송을 신속히 해결하고자 내시 우계범의 위세를 활용하여 산송의 흐름을 자신들에게 유리한 방향으로 만들었다. 내시 우계범과 충주 마사 단양우씨 집안이 결탁한 행위는 추후에 문제가 되어 산송에 참여했던 단양우씨 집안사람들이 옥에 갇히는 결과를 초래하였다. 그러나 산송 과정에서 평해손씨 집안이 늑장한 무덤을 파내고 다시 무덤을 조성하지 않아 예전처럼 산소를 수호할 수 있었다. 이 산송은 두 가지를 주목할 필요가 있다. 첫째, 내시 우계범이 자신의 위세를 이용하여 산송의 흐름을 충주 마사 단양우씨 집안에 유리한 방향으로 만들었다는 점이다. 조선시대 내시는 왕의 최측근으로 그 위세를 무시할 수 없었다. 몇 년 동안 지연되고 있던 산송의 판도를 바꾼 것만 보더라도 이를 알 수 있다. 둘째, 내시 우계범은 정조의 수교(受敎)에 의거하여 산송에 참여하였다. 정조는 재위시절 내시가 송사할 일이 있으면 내시부를 통해 국왕의 윤허를 받은 뒤 송사에 참여하라는 수교를 내렸다. 충주 마사 단양우씨 집안 산송문서에 이를 증빙하는 문서가 남아있어 내시가 산송에 참여하는 절차를 고찰할 수 있다. This paper presents a special case of mountain lawsuit in the North Chungcheong region and was written to illuminate the process of handling these disputes by eunuchs after the reign of King Jeongjo. The Danyang Woo clan in Chungju Masa has been settled in Chungju since the 17th century and established funerary mountains in various areas including Gachasan-myeon(加次山面), Geumsaeng-myeon(金生面), Dongryangdong-myeon(東良洞面), and Sanchuk-myeon(山尺面). These funerary mountains experienced several lawsuits in the 19th century. Among them, a case involving the eunuch of the Eunuch Office in a mountain lawsuit over the graves of Woo Cheon-seok(禹天錫) and Woo Peng(禹伻), father and son, located in Sanchuk-myeon, was confirmed and examined. The full story of the mountain lawsuit involving Eunuch Woo Gye-beom(禹啓範) is as follows. The dispute began when the Pyeonghae Son clan, settled in Chungju, colluded with the authorities to forcibly bury in the graves of Woo Cheon-seok and Woo Peng, father and son, showing a pattern of delay over several years. The Danyang Woo clan in Chungju Masa used the influence of Eunuch Woo Gye-beom to swiftly resolve the mountain lawsuit, steering its course in their favor. The collusion between Eunuch Woo Gye-beom and the Danyang Woo clan in Chungju Masa became a problem later, resulting in the imprisonment of members of the Danyang Woo family who participated in the mountain lawsuit. However, during the mountain lawsuit process, the Pyeonghae Son clan dug up the forcibly buried graves and did not rebuild them, allowing for the protection of the burial site as before. This mountain lawsuit requires attention to two main points. First, Eunuch Woo Gye-beom used his influence to steer the course of the mountain lawsuit in favor of the DanyangWoo clan in Chungju Masa. During the Joseon Dynasty, eunuchs, being the closest aides to the king, wielded significant influence that could not be ignored. This can be seen by the fact that they were able to change the course of the mountain lawsuit that had been delayed for several years. Second, Eunuch Woo Gye-beom participated in the mountain lawsuit based on the orders of King Jeongjo. King Jeongjo issued orders during his reign that if a eunuch had to participate in legal disputes, they should do so with the king’s permission through the Eunuch Office. Documents proving this remain in the mountain lawsuit documents of the DanyangWoo clan in Chungju Masa allowing for an examination of the process by which a eunuch participated in the dispute.

음포혈(陰包, LR9)에서 펄스형 전자기장 및 가시광 LED 복합 자극이 대퇴부 근피로 회복에 미치는 영향 분석

이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김정윤 ( Jung Yoon Kim ),박선우 ( Sun Woo Park ),김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이희영 ( Hee Young Lee ),안순재 ( Soon Jae Ahn ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop the combined medical stimulus system consisted of the PEMFs (Pulsed electromagnetic fields) and LED which are able to stimulate local point such as acupoints and trigger points. Methods : To evaluate the therapeutic effect on the musculoskeletal disorders and the possibility of alternative method on manual acupuncture, we compared the fatigue recovery of two groups by analyzing the EMG and peak torque (non-stimulation and, stimulation group) after strenuous knee exercise. We chose the LR9 as a stimulation point. Results : The median frequency (MF) and fatigue index (F.I) of the stimulation group were recovered faster than those of the non-stimulation group. Also the peak torques of both groups were not restored until after 20 minutes. However, the peak torque of the stimulation group was regained higher than that of the non-stimulation group. Conclusions : We confirmed that the proposed combined stimulus system had useful effects as treatment instrument of musculoskeletal disorder using non-invasive method of PEMFs and LED.

Impact of Ensemble Member Size on Confidence-based Selection in Bankruptcy Prediction

Na-Ra Kim(김나라),Kyung-Shik Shin(신경식),Hyunchul Ahn(안현철) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2013 지능정보연구 Vol.19 No.2

The prediction model is the main factor affecting the performance of a knowledge-based system for bankruptcy prediction. Earlier studies on prediction modeling have focused on the building of a single best model using statistical and artificial intelligence techniques. However, since the mid-1980s, integration of multiple techniques (hybrid techniques) and, by extension, combinations of the outputs of several models (ensemble techniques) have, according to the experimental results, generally outperformed individual models. An ensemble is a technique that constructs a set of multiple models, combines their outputs, and produces one final prediction. The way in which the outputs of ensemble members are combined is one of the important issues affecting prediction accuracy. A variety of combination schemes have been proposed in order to improve prediction performance in ensembles. Each combination scheme has advantages and limitations, and can be influenced by domain and circumstance. Accordingly, decisions on the most appropriate combination scheme in a given domain and contingency are very difficult. This paper proposes a confidence-based selection approach as part of an ensemble bankruptcy-prediction scheme that can measure unified confidence, even if ensemble members produce different types of continuous-valued outputs. The present experimental results show that when varying the number of models to combine, according to the creation type of ensemble members, the proposed combination method offers the best performance in the ensemble having the largest number of models, even when compared with the methods most often employed in bankruptcy prediction.

영화 오프닝타이틀 디자인에서 나타나는 색채의 상징성에 관한 연구

김나라(Kim Na ra),김택훈(Kim Taek hoon) 한국디자인학회 2005 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.10

제조원이 다른 떡차의 특수성분 분석 및 항산화활성 평가

이나라(Na Ra Lee),김기안(Gee An Kim),이유건(Yu Geon Lee),정다은(Da Eun Jeong),김수로(Soo Ro Kim),조정용(Jeong-Yong Cho),마승진(Seung-Jin Ma),김선재(Seon-Jae Kim),박근형(Keun-Hyung Park),문제학(Jae-Hak Moon) 한국차학회 2013 한국차학회지 Vol.19 No.1

우리나라의 전통차 중의 하나이면서 일반적으로 미생물 발효차로 분류되어 온 떡차의 함유성분 분석을 통해 그 특징을 검토해온 일련의 선행연구 결과들로부터 떡차가 미생물발효차보다는 오히려 우롱차나 홍차와 같은 효소발효차의 특성에 더 가까운 경향을 보임을 제시해왔다. 이에 본연구에서는 보다 다양한 시료들을 분석함으로써 떡차의 일반적인 특성을 제시하기 위한 추가 연구로써 제조원이 다른 세 회사 떡차를 저장시기별로 확보하여 다양한 분석을 행하였다. 그 결과 총 catechin, 총 theaflavin류, caffeine, gallic acid, 총 페놀성 화합물 및 tocopherol류의 함량, 그리고 색도와 DPPH radical-scavenging 활성 변화에 있어 caffeine과 총 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 특정한 변화 경향을 보이지 않았으며, 그 외의 다른 인자들의 경우 제품 또는 저장기간의 경과에 따른 변화경향이 일부 관찰되기는 하였으나, 이 결과들로부터 떡차의 제조과정 및 저장기간 동안에 미생물의 작용이 관여하지 않았거나 그 정도가 매우 미약했을 가능성이 시사되었다. 이에 본 연구에 있어서도 떡차를 미생물발효차로 분류할 수 있는 분명한 근거는 확보되지 못한 것으로 판단된다. Ddeok cha, a Korean traditional tea, has been known as a microbial-fermented tea but it was recently questioned whether ddeok cha is really microbial-fermented tea. Therefore, in the present study, the characteristic constituents and antioxidative activity of ddeok cha from different makers were examined as a function of time. The contents of caffeine and total phenolics did not change significantly. On the other hand, the contents of total catechins, theaflavins, gallic acid, tocopherols, color values and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activities showed partial changes. Nevertheless, the changes were not sufficient to confirm that ddeok cha is a microbial fermented tea.

오류 패턴을 이용한 BERT 기반 OCR 오류 수정

김나라(Na-Ra Kim),조용석(Yong-Seok Jo),박호현(Ho-Hyun Park) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11

온라인상에서 부정적 편향에 따른 평판 확산 차이에 관한 연구

김나라(Na Ra Kim),신경식(Kyung Shik Shin) 한국IT서비스학회 2015 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.14 No.1

As a social being, people can cooperate and control one another through the power of reputation, which is a critical opinion of someone given by others. Nevertheless, there have been obstacles in clarifying the identity of traditional types of reputation, for they are mostly words of mouth passed among members of a society. However, due to dramatic technological advancement and widespread use of the Internet and social media, now we can clearly see and analyze written reputations, which used to be passed only from mouth to mouth. Against this background, this study examines whether a negativity bias-a notion that an event of a more negative nature has a greater effect on one's psychological state than a positive event-applies to spread of reputation online, and examines related factors and effects. To this end, reputation-related online comments left by social media users during the election period of Korea's 6th provincial election on 4 June 2014 were analyzed. For the analysis, a Bass diffusion model was used, which is based on the innovation diffusion theory. The analysis results confirmed that, at online forum, negative reputations spread more quickly and more widely than positive ones, had a greater impact, and mass media such as online news outlets had a significant influence on spread of reputation online.

운동 수행의 붕괴 : 얼어붙음 현상에 대한 고찰

김나라(Kim Na-Ra),문창일(Mun Chang-Il) 한국체육과학회 2009 한국체육과학회지 Vol.18 No.3

People have experienced unexpected performance degradation, when performing under pressure. In the sporting context, this phenomenon is commonly known as ‘choking under pressure’. Choking refers to performance decrements under pressure circumstances. Many social psychologists and sport psychologists have produced a number of important findings regarding the variables that relate to ‘choking under pressure'. A number of models have been proposed as useful frameworks for investigating and describing ‘choking under pressure'. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of ‘choking under pressure’ remains unexplained. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to critically evaluate these approaches that have been utilized within the choking under pressure literature. This article offers a critical appraisal of controversial issues related to the definition of this phenomenon and provides an overview of two mechanisms which have been proposed to account for this phenomenon. Also, Research specifically investigating choking in golf was addressed in this article, because in choking research, the ‘yips’ in golf has been most frequently studied. In addition, a qualitative study was conducted to identify the feature of the phenomenon in Korean athletes. Alongside this, practical implications emerging from this research base are outlined and future recommendations are suggested that may be of benefit to sports practitioners and researchers alike in Korea.

육성 시뮬레이션 게임을 활용한 교육용 기능성 게임 스토리텔링 제안

김나라(Kim Na Ra),오승환(Oh Seung Hwan) 한국디자인학회 2012 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

부항자극에 대한 체표 경락,경혈의 생체에너지 변화 분석

김수병 ( Soo Byeogn Kim ),이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김영대 ( Young Dae Kim ),임종현 ( Jong Hyeon Lim ),송길수 ( Gil Soo Song ),정병조 ( Byung Jo Jung ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2010 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.27 No.4

Objectives: The aim of this study is evaluation for significance of skin meridian-acupoints energy measurement system, and is verification of principle to measure the bio-ion charge on acupoints. Methods: To check a correlation between the MEP(Meridian Energy Potential) and bio-electric charge condition, ten acupoints(left/right BL meridian: BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20, BL23) were chosen. Based on basic theory concerning the upward trend of the bio-electric charge by cupping therapy, we measured MEP change before and after 600mmHg(80kPa) Negative pressure stimulation using cupping. Results: We could identify the correlation between MEP and the condition of bio-electric charge in acupoints. Also, we checked the balance or imbalance of left/right the MEP and unusual cases. Conclusions: We confirmed significance of proposed principle and meridian energy measurement system.