12채널 Multi-frequency를 이용한 경혈 임피던스 측정시스템 개발 및 평가

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이재우 ( Jae Woo Lee ),이승욱 ( Seung Wook Lee ),이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김영대 ( Young Dae Kim ),신태민 ( Tae Min Shin ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: The object of this study is to evaluate and develop the system that reflects acupoints electrical properties by the multi-frequency using the SPAC (Single Power Alternative Current) stimulation method based on BIA (Bioelectrical impedance method). Methods: The 12 channel meridian impedance measurement system (MIMS) was designed, which sets multi-frequency with 10 steps (1~10㎑). To check acupoints electrical properties, impedance of acupoints were measured from 11 acupoints selected from the LU and ST meridians. Results: Regarding distribution of measurement values by multi-frequencies, we found the lowest response at 1㎑ was in common. But frequency bands which represent the highest response at each acupoint were various. Measurement values of each acupoint by multi-frequencies were expressed similar distribution (P<0.05). Also we could check same frequency band which showed the highest response at left/right equal acupoints (P<0.05). Conclusions: Through change of acupoints electrical properties by multi-frequency stimulation, we checked oriental medical diagnostic possibilities by using this system. We would progress variable clinical trials with this system for oriental medical diagnosis.

생체이온 변화 유발 후 경혈과 비경혈에서의 생체 구조 성분 분석 및 비교를 통한 경혈 특이성 고찰

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),정경렬 ( Kyung Yul Chung ),전미선 ( Mi Seon Jeon ),신태민 ( Tae Min Shin ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2014 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.31 No.2

경혈의 임피던스를 측정하여 경혈의 특이성을 확보하고자 다수 연구가 진행되어왔다. 직류전압과 교류전압을 자극하여 단순히 경혈이 위치한 피부 임피던스를 측정하는 방식이 아닌 Multi-Frequency Body Impedance analysis(MF BIA) 기법을 이용하여 생체 구조 성분(세포외액, 세포내액의 저항성분 그리고 세포막의 용량성분)을 추출하는 방법을 이용하여 경혈의 특이성을 확보하고자 한다. 인체 내 생체 이온 변화가 발생하였을 시, 경혈이 비경혈에 발생 전/후 높은 변화율이 관찰될 것이라는 가정을 하에, 생체 이온 변화를 유도하기 위하여 근피로를 유발하였으며, 유도 전/후의 생체 구조 성분을 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 방법: 대퇴직근에 근피로를 유도하기 위하여 건강한 대학생에게 Knee extension/flexion의 등속도 운동을 통하였다. 생체 이온 변화를 확인하기 위하여 젖산을 측정하였으며, 피험자마다 동일한 근피로를 유발하기 위하여 EMG(electromyogram) 분석을 통하여 peak torque와 median frequency를 분석하였다. 근피로 유발 24시간 이후까지 젖산과 peak torque와 median frequency을 측정하였으며, 각 단계마다 복토(ST32), 음시(ST33) 과 인접한 비경혈 2개에 대하여 생체 구조 성분 또한 측정하였다. 결과: 젖산과 peak torque와 median frequency은 24시간 이후 근피로 유발 전으로 회복되었다. 세포외액 저항성분의 경우 비경혈에 비하여 복토(ST32)에서 생체 이온 변화에 따라 높은 변화율이 관찰되었으나, 음시(ST33) 에서는 비경혈에 비하여 낮은 변화율이 관찰되었다. 세포내액 저항성분은 경혈과 비경혈 사이 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 복토(ST32)에서 세포막의 용량성분이 높은 변화율이 관찰되었지만, 음시(ST33)와 인접한 비경혈간의 뚜렷한 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 결론: 생체 이온 변화에 따라 인접한 비경혈과 비교해보았을 시, 경혈에서의 상대적으로 높고 낮은 혹은 유사한 변화율이 관찰되었다. 따라서 경혈의 특이성을 확보하지 못하였으며, 생체 구조 성분 추출을 통하여 세포 이온 변화에 따른 경혈의 특이성을 확보하기에는 한계점을 가지고 있다고 결론을 내렸다. The specificity of acupuncture point has been a highly controversial subject. Existing researches said that iondistribution differences are observed on the acupuncture point. This study was conducted under the assumption that multiple ionic changes induced by muscle fatigue would be different between the acupuncture point with non-acupuncture point. Methods : To induce the identical fatigue, twenty subjects performed the knee extension/flexion exercise using the Biodex System 3. ST32 and ST33 as well as adjacent non-acupuncture points were selected. We measured blood lactate and analyzed the median frequency(MF) and peak torque. To obtain the information on the extracellular fluid(ECW), intracellular fluid(ICW) and cell membrane indirectly, we used the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis(MF-BIA) method. Results : MF, peak torque and blood lactate level of all measurement sites were gradually returned to normal. Re resistance of ST32 had a stronger response, but a non-acupuncture point adjacent to ST33 had a larger response up to 20 minutes post exercise. Ri resistances were similar for both acupoints and non-acupoints. The Cm capacitance of ST32 had a stronger response after inducing fatigue, but ST33 had a smaller response than a non-acupuncture point adjacent to it. Conclusions : In comparison with before and after inducing fatigue, the specificity of acupuncture points was not clearly observed. Hence, we concluded that the body composition factors extraction method had the limitation as a method of finding the specificity of acupuncture points by inducing fatigue.

Multi-frequency 자극 방식을 이용한 생체 전기 임피던스 측정 시스템 설계 및 경혈의 전기적 특이성에 대한 고찰

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),이승욱 ( Seung Wook Lee ),최준영 ( Jun Young Choi ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this paper was to suggest new diagnostic method that was to supersede the estimation of electrical properties at acupoints. Thus, we developed the multi- frequencies bioelectrical impedance measurement system so as to analyze the state of bio-ions in body fluid as body compositions, not skin impedance at acupoint. Methods : At low frequency, the current does not penetrate the cell membrane and at high frequency, the current passes through both intracellular and extracellular fluid because of the decreas of cell membrane impedance. To confirm the reflection of composition in extracellular fluid or intracellular fluid of segment such as acupoint, the system was developed to detect the acupoint potential between adjacent two points in the area of LU3, LU4 and LU9 using 5,50 and 200㎑. Results : The detected acupoint potential has been decreased according to elevation of frequency. As a result of correlation of left/right identical acupoint, we observed a high correlation of three types of acupoint potential at multi-frequencies. Moreover, we observed the low correlation at 5㎑, and that was a significant factor to be considered as unbalanced relationship of identical acupoints. Conclusions : On the basis of meridian theoretical point of view, we may infer the acupoint`s physiological composition using the multi-frequencies bioelectrical impedance measurement system.

부항요법에 의한 배수혈 혈색소 변화의 정량적 측정 시스템 개발 및 유의성 평가

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),정병조 ( Byung Jo Jung ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study is to develop the system and evaluate the optical analytical technique that reflects acupoint pigmentation and extravasated blood by cupping. Methods : We designed the system able to express XYZ coordinate on local skin color. To evaluate measurement-accuracy, we compared with 24 Color Checker Chart by standardized Commission Internationale de l``Eclairage. After confirming the performance of system, we experimented with cupping which was 80 kPa negative pressure for 1 minute on left/right BL13. The X, Y and Z values were converted to R, G and B, L*, a* and b*, Erythema Index (E.I.), and Melanin Index (M.I). We compared and analyzed two cases on before/after cupping. Results : The R, G and B values which were converted by X, Y and Z values had high linearity as a high level of R-square (R: 0.969, G: 0.996, and B: 0.992). Moreover, we confirmed that it was possible to quantitatively analyzed the change in skin color by cupping using R, G, B, L*, a*, b*, E.I., and M.I. Conclusions : Therefore, we proposed the new analytical technique for objectifying the oriental medical diagnostic method using cupping and optical sensing technique.

교차편광 촬영술(Cross Polarization Photographic Technique)를 이용한 부항요법의 배수혈 피부 색소 침착 변화 측정 평가

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),정병조 ( Byungjo Jung ),신태민 ( Tae Min Shin ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2013 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.30 No.4

Objectives: Skin color deformation by cupping has been widely used as a diagnostic parameter in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM). Skin color deformation such as ecchymoses and purpura is induced by local vacuum in a suction cup. Since existing studies have relied on a visual diagnostic method, there is a need to use the quantitative measurement method. Methods: We conducted an analysis of cross-polarization photographic images to assess the changes in skin color deformation. The skin color variation was analyzed using L*a*b* space and the skin erythema index (E.I.). The meridian theory in TKM indicates that the condition of primary internal organs is closely related to the skin color deformation at special acupoints. Before conducting these studies, it is necessary to evaluate whether or not skin color deformation is influenced by muscle condition. Hence, we applied cupping at BL13, BL15, BL18, BL20 and BL23 at Bladder Meridian (BL) and measured blood lactate at every acupoint. Results: We confirmed the high system measurement accuracy, and observed the diverse skin color deformations. Moreover, we confirmed that the L*, a* and E.I. had not changed after 40 minutes(p>0.05). The distribution of blood lactate levels at each part was observed differently. Blood lactate level and skin color deformation at each part was independent of each other. Conclusions: The negative pressure produced by the suction cup induces a reduction in the volumetric fraction of melanosomes and subsequent reduction in epidermal thickness. The relationship between variations of tissue and skin properties and skin color deformation degree must be investigated prior to considering the relationship between internal organ dysfunction and skin color deformation.

자화침 시스템을 이용한 경락전위 유발효과 및 근피로 회복 평가

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),박선우 ( Sun Woo Park ),안순재 ( Soon Jae Ahn ),이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),이승욱 ( Seung Wook Lee ),민세은 ( Se Eun Min ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this research was to develop the magnetic acupuncture system which used solenoid coil for magnetizing acupuncture needle. The system could generate the meridian electric potential (MEP) similar to the potential by manual acupuncture. Thus, we tried to confirm the therapeutic effect that is caused by the MEP generation. Methods : To confirm the MEP, we stimulated the magnetic acupuncture with at 2㎐, 92.7±2mT, PEMFs (Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Fields) at ST37 and measured the evoked potential between ST36 and ST41. Also, we conducted a fatigue recovery test using isokinetic exercise in order to identify the therapeutic effect on musculoskeletal disorders. We chose LR9 as a stimulation point. To observe the state of fatigue, we measured the EMG and analyzed median frequency and peak torque for 20minutes. Results : We observed that MEP which incurred from magnetic acupuncture was higher than he reported MEP induced by manual acupuncture. Moreover, its modes were divided into two types by the direction of magnetic flux. When generating magnetic flux in the direction of acupoint, the positive peak voltage of the MEP was generated. In contrast, negative peak voltage of the MEP was generated whenever meganetic flux generated in the outward direction. As a result of fatigue recovery, the median frequency (MF) of the magnetic acupuncture group were recovered faster than that of the non-stimulation group. However, the peak torques of both groups were not restored until after 20 minutes. Conclusions : We confirmed that the magnetic acupuncture system can lead to the MEP similar to manual acupuncture. Moreover, the MEP had a therapeutic effect on the musculoskeletal disorders.

MF-BIA Analyzer를 이용한 경혈의 세포 내액과 외액에 의한 저항성분 추정 방법 제시 및 반영률 평가

김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김원기 ( Won Ky Kim ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.4

Objectives: The aim of this study was to suggest a new method to estimate the resistance by acupoint compositions by using the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis(MF-BIA) of 5 kHz, 50 kHz and 200 kHz within 2 cm of acupoints as a local segment. Moreover, we try to confirm the relation to between measured resistance at skin surface and measured resistance by various manual acupuncture needle insertion depth. Methods: Ten male subjects participated in this study. We measured the resistance at left/ right ST36 at skin surface and various manual acupuncture needle insertion depth(skin, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm). Results: It was also observed that the all measured resistances were the highest at 5 kHz and the lowest at 200 kHz. There were significant differences at 5 kHz, 50 kHz and 200 kHz between measured resistance at skin surface and measured resistance by various manual acupuncture needle insertion depth(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the left and right identical acupoints under the identical condition(p>0.05). Conclusions: We conclude that the measured resistance at skin surface has limitation as to reflect the information of tissue. However, the measured resistance at each frequency was changed as similar pattern by different insertion depth. Hence, we confirmed the possibility of assumption on information of tissue which was expected to locate an acupoint.

음압자극에 대한 경락의 근전도 및 경혈의 수분도.탄성도 변화 분석

김수병,이나라,주예일,정병조,이용흠,Kim, Soo-Byeong,Lee, Na-Ra,Joo, Yea-Il,Jung, Byung-Jo,Lee, Yong-Heum 한국정보통신학회 2010 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.14 No.12

부항요법은 다양한 질환에 치료목적으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 부항에 대한 경락과 경혈의 상태 변화에 관한 연구가 전무한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 부항자극에 대한 경락경혈의 상태변화를 분석하여 인체 전체에 미치는 파급효과를 확인하고자하였다. 이에 일정 음압(30kPa)으로 자극 가능한 시스템을 개발하였으며, 좌측 수태음폐경(LU)의 협백(LU4)과 척택(LU5)의 경락선상 중간지점을 자극하였다. 좌/우 수태음폐경의 경혈 및 비경혈에서 수분, 탄성도를 측정하였으며 상완이두박근에서 EMG 신호를 자극 전/후 측정하여 부항 요법이 인체에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 자극 전/후 수분의 변화는 12.49%로 미비하였으며, 탄성도는 64.42%로 높은 변화를 확인하였다. 또한, 경혈이 비경혈 보다 탄성도 변화가 많았으며, 좌측보다 우측에서의 탄성도 변화가 많이 관찰되었다. 좌/우 EMG 신호의 RMS와 Median Power가 유의하게 낮아졌으나 Median frequency에서는 유의성을 확인할 수 없었다. 따라서, 음압자극은 경락경혈의 탄성도 및 근전도 변화를 유도함으로써 인체 전체에 파급적 효과를 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. Cupping therapy has been used to extensive diseases. However, the research was yet to meridian and acupoint's change of state caused by Cupping. This study was considered a human-ripple effect by the anlaysis of meridian & acupoint's change of state. We developed the system which is keeps 30kPa Negative-pressure and stimulated on the Left Lung Meridian(LU) a halfway point between LU4 and LU5. We checked moisture and elasticity change on left/right acupoints & non-acupoints, then measured EMG Signal. We observed that moisture had little change(12.49%) and the better part of the elasticity on both sides had identified the change(64.42%). The number of the provoked acupoiunt elasticity change was more than non-acupoint. Also, elasticity change of Right side was more than Left side. We confirmed that RMS and Median Power change patterns were lower in proportional to the elastin change, but there was no significance about Median Frequency. Therefore inducing the change of elasticity and EMG signal on meridian-acupoints. Therefore, We checked the human-ripple effect Negative-pressure by the Cupping therapy.

지연성 근육통증 회복 평가를 위한 경혈 부위에서의 자기장자극에 대한 체열변화 분석

이나라,이승욱,김영대,김수병,이경중,이용흠,Lee, Na-Ra,Lee, Seung-Wook,Kim, Young-Dae,Kim, Soo-Byeong,Lee, Kyong-Joung,Lee, Yong-Heum 한국정보통신학회 2011 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구에서는 국소적 부위에 균일한 자극이 가능한 Pulsed Magnetic Fields(PMFs) 시스템을 개발하였으며, 지연성 근육통증에 대한 본 시스템의 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 지연성 근육통을 유발시키기 위해 비주동팔에서 무게 5Kg의 아령으로 80회의 등장성운동을 실시하였다. 피험자를 세 군(PMFs군, TEAS군, 무자극군)으로 분류한 뒤 상완 이두박근에 위치한 청영혈(HT2)에 자극하였다. 지연성 근육통의 회복여부를 판별하기 위하여, 상완이두박근에서의 ${\mid}$좌/우 온도차${\mid}$를 DITI를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 운동 후의 ${\mid}$좌/우 온도차${\mid}$는 무자극군=$2.00{\pm}1.16^{\circ}C$, TEAS군=$1.73{\pm}0.52^{\circ}C$, PMFs군=$1.48{\pm}0.51^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며, 첫 번째 자극 후에는 무자극군=$1.37{\pm}0.71^{\circ}C$, TEAS군=$1.08{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C$, PMFs군=$1.23{\pm}0.15^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 24시간이 지난 후에 자기장 군이 가장 먼저 $0.05{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$의 좌/우 온도차이로 정상 체열 분포를 회복했으며, TEAS군은 48시간이 지난 후에 $0.1{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$로 정상 체열 분포를 회복하였다. 무자극 군은 48시간이 지난 후까지 $0.37{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$의 ${\mid}$좌/우 비대칭적 온도차${\mid}$를 유지하였다. 결론적으로, 각 자극원에 따른 체열변화를 비교 분석한 결과, PMFs가 지연성 근육통에 대하여 가장 유의한 치료효과를 보임을 확인하였다. The aim of this study was to develop a Pulsed Magnetic Fields(PMFs) system which can produce effects locally and simulate muscular tissues equally. To evaluate the PMFs system we caused DOMS(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) to subjects in biceps of the arm. Then, we stimulated acupoint HT2 using PMFs(20 minutes) and TEAS(20 minutes) for 2 days. The other subjects did not stimulate. Then we checked body surface temperature in biceps of the arm. All subjects had an asymmetrical body surface temperature in biceps after exercise(Non-stimulation group=$2.00{\pm}1.16^{\circ}C$, TEAS group=$1.73{\pm}0.52^{\circ}C$, PMFs group=$1.48{\pm}0.51^{\circ}C$). After 1st stimulation all subjects had decreased temperature differences(Non-stimulation group=$1.37{\pm}0.71^{\circ}C$, TEAS group=$1.08{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C$, PMFs group=$1.23{\pm}0.15^{\circ}C$). PMFs group had a symmetry body surface temperature after 24 hours($0.05{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$) and TEAS group had that after 48 hours($0.1{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$). Non-stimulation group did not recovery after 48 hours($0.37{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$). Therefore, PMFs on acupoint had an therapeutic effect in DOMS.

음포혈(陰包, LR9)에서 펄스형 전자기장 및 가시광 LED 복합 자극이 대퇴부 근피로 회복에 미치는 영향 분석

이나라 ( Na Ra Lee ),김정윤 ( Jung Yoon Kim ),박선우 ( Sun Woo Park ),김수병 ( Soo Byeong Kim ),이희영 ( Hee Young Lee ),안순재 ( Soon Jae Ahn ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop the combined medical stimulus system consisted of the PEMFs (Pulsed electromagnetic fields) and LED which are able to stimulate local point such as acupoints and trigger points. Methods : To evaluate the therapeutic effect on the musculoskeletal disorders and the possibility of alternative method on manual acupuncture, we compared the fatigue recovery of two groups by analyzing the EMG and peak torque (non-stimulation and, stimulation group) after strenuous knee exercise. We chose the LR9 as a stimulation point. Results : The median frequency (MF) and fatigue index (F.I) of the stimulation group were recovered faster than those of the non-stimulation group. Also the peak torques of both groups were not restored until after 20 minutes. However, the peak torque of the stimulation group was regained higher than that of the non-stimulation group. Conclusions : We confirmed that the proposed combined stimulus system had useful effects as treatment instrument of musculoskeletal disorder using non-invasive method of PEMFs and LED.