학술발표 : 제1부 : 저항 운동후 인삼과 탄수화물의 섭취가 Anabolic Hormones 분비에 미치는 영향

강호율(Kang Ho Youl) 한국운동영양학회 1999 한국운동영양학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.6

운동소위원회 심포지움 : 운동거리와 운동강도가 혈중 leptin 농도에 미치는 영향

강호율 ( Kang Ho Yul ),김승환 ( Kim Seung Hwan ),김봉석 ( Kim Bong Seog ) 대한비만학회 2003 대한비만학회 학술대회 Vol.2003 No.-

지구성 운동과 Ginsenoside Rb₁가 쥐 골격근의 AMP-Activated Protein Kinase(APMK), Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase(PI3K) 발현 및 Glucose Uptake에 미치는 영향

정현령,신영호,강호율,Jung, Hyun-Lyung,Shin, Young Ho,Kang, Ho-Youl 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.8

본 연구는 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 쥐골격근의 AMPK insulin signaling($tAMPK{\alpha}$, $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$)과 PI3K insulin signaling pathway(pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$, PI3K $p^{85}$, pAkt $Ser^{473}$) 발현 및 glucose uptake에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 골격근내 glucose uptake에서는 비교집단과 비교하여 운동집단(59.4%), $Rb_1$집단(70.5%) $Rb_1/Ex$집단(58.6%)에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 AMPK insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과 비교집단에 비해 $AMPK{\alpha}$(Ex, 28.6%; $Rb_1$, 28.5%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 29.8%), $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$(Ex, 35.1%; $Rb_1$, 35.3%; $Rb_1/Ex$, 30.9%)의 발현이 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 2주간의 지구성 운동과 ginsenoside $Rb_1$이 PI3K insulin signaling pathway에 미치는 효과를 알아본 결과 비교집단과 비교하여 IRS-1, PI3K $p^{85}$에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 pAkt $Ser^{473}$은 $Rb_1$ 집단에서 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, ginsenoside $Rb_1$은 운동과 더불어 근육 세포내 AMPK의 활성화와 근육 내 glucose uptake를 증가시켜 제2형 당뇨병 예방과 치료에 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구의 결과로 PI3K insulin signaling pathway의 항당뇨 효과는 설명하기는 부족하다고 판단되며 추후 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 ginsenoside $Rb_1$의 농도, 처치시간, 처치방법을 고려한 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise and ginsenoside $Rb_1$ on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) protein expression and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of rats. A total of 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups: CON (Control group, n=8), Ex (Exercise group; 25 m/min for 1 h, 6 days/week, 2 weeks, n=8), $Rb_1$ (Ginsenoside $Rb_1$ group; n=8), and $Rb_1/Ex$ ($Rb_1$+Exercise group, n=8). The $Rb_1$ and $Rb_1/Ex$ groups were incubated in ginsenoside $Rb_1$ (KRBP buffer, $100{\mu}g/mL$) for 60 min after a 2-week experimental treatment. After 2 weeks, the expression of phosphorylated $AMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$, total $AMPK{\alpha}$, the p85 subunit of PI3K, pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$, and pAkt $Ser^{473}$ were determined in the soleus muscle. Muscle glucose uptake was measured using 2-deoxy-D-[$^3H$] glucose in epitroclearis muscle. Muscle glucose uptake was significantly higher in the three experimental groups (Ex, $Rb_1$, $Rb_1/Ex$) compared to the CON group (P<0.05). The expression of $tAMPK{\alpha}$ and $pAMPK{\alpha}$ $Thr^{172}$ was significantly higher in the Ex, $Rb_1$, and $Rb_1/Ex$ groups compared to the CON group (P<0.05). The expression of pAkt $Ser^{473}$ was significantly higher in the $Rb_1$ group compared to the CON and EX groups. However, the expression of pIRS-1 $Tyr^{612}$ and the p85 subunit of PI3K were not significantly different between the four groups. Overall, these results suggest that ginsenoside $Rb_1$ significantly stimulates glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle of rats through increasing phosphorylation in the AMPK pathway, similar to the effects of exercise.

권총사격 시 상지 근피로 유발 수준에 따른 사격수행에 미치는 영향

류종우(Ryu, Jong-Woo),강호율(Kang, Ho-Youl) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the upper limb muscle fatigue on the pistol shooting performance. Seventeen elite male players with members of the Korea national team were recruited for this study. Group A (23.0 ± 2.2 yrs, 68.4 ± 3.4 , 172.2 ± 1.4 cm) and Group B (27.1 ± 2.7 yrs, 77.0 ± 3.6 kg, 172.6 ± 2.0 cm) were randomly categorized. Both groups performed ten shots freely for 150 s toward the electronic target which was SCATT (SCATT Co., Russia). Group A took 1-set muscle fatigue exercise and group B did 3-set muscle fatigue exercises. After completed the 1-set or 3-set muscle fatigue isokinetic exercise on cybex (Humac Co., USA), all subjects immediately performed the shooting to electric target. In the group 4 the shooting time was significantly increased and the aiming period was inversely decreased (p<0.05), but the shooting score and aiming time was not affected from 1-set muscle fatigue exercise. However, in the group B, all variables (shooting time, aiming period, shooting score, and aiming time) were significantly decreased after 3-set muscle fatigue exercises (p<0.05). Maximum integrated EMG of deltoids and triceps were significantly increased at both groups A and group B after muscle fatigue exercise (p<0.05). Especially, in the group B, the triceps brachii was only significantly increased. Although the average integrated EMG was not significantly different in muscle fatigue exercise at the both groups, deltoids and triceps were relatively increased without the statistical significance. Therefore, the results of the current study suggest that the elite players elongate the aiming time to avoid the deteriorating shooting score in the weak level of muscle fatigue, but decrease both the aiming and the aiming time, and increase the aiming period with the deterioration of shooting score in the high level of muscle fatigue.

학교 환경조건의 차이가 여고생의 신체활동량 및 체력에 미치는 영향

노승균(Noh Seung-Kyun),강호율(Kang Ho-Youl),류종식(Ryu Jong-Sik) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.9

본 연구의 목적은 기숙형 고교와 통학형 고교에 재학중인 여고생들을 대상으로 학교 환경 조건의 차이가 여고생의 신체활동량, 신체조성 및 체력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 D광역시에 위치한 기숙형 고등학교 여학생 278과 통학형 고등학교 여학생 300명을 대상으로 보수계를 이용하여 신체활동량을 측정하였으 며, 신체조성(신장, 체중, BMI, WHR)과 체력(근력, 순발력, 유연성, 심폐지구력)을 측정하여 얻은 자료를 분석하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, BMI는 기숙형 고등학교 여학생들이 통학형 고등학교 여학생들에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났으며, WHR 역시 통학형 고등학교 여학생들이 기숙형 고등학교 여학생들에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 둘째, 일일 평균 신체활동량은 기숙형 고등학교 보다 통학형 고등학교 여학생들이 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 체력의 경우 통학형 고등학교 학생들과 기숙형 고등학교 학생들 사이에 순발력을 제외한 심폐지구력, 근력, 유연성에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 기숙형 고등학교 여학생의 신체활동량은 순발력과 유의한 상관관계가 나타났으며, 통학형 고등학교는 심폐지구력 종목인 스텝검사와 정적 상관이 나타났다. 또한 1,200m 걷고 달리기와 부적상관이 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 기숙형 고등학교 학생이 통학형 고등학교 학생보다 BMI가 유의하게 낮게 나타났지 만, 신체활동량은 통학형 고등학교 학생이 유의하게 높았다. 따라서 여고생에 있어서 신체활동량보다 소득수준, 가정환경 등의 다른 요인들이 BMI에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되며 BMI에 영향을 주는 요인에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of school environmental conditions on physical activity volume and physical fitness of high school girls. To achieve this purpose, 588 high school girls (278 boarding school students and 300 students commuting to school) from all grades(1 to 3) took part in the experiment. Pedometers were used to record physical activity(steps/day). Students wore the pedometers at all times for seven days, except while sleeping, swimming, bathing, or showering. Also, height, weight, BMI, WHR and evaluated cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle endurance, muscle power, flexibility were measured. The results were as following; 1) BMI (p<.001) of boarding school girls(BSG; 20.45±3.16) was significantly lower than that of commuting school girls(CSG; 21.98±2.43). 2) WHR(p<.01) of BSG 0.82±0.39) was significantly higher than that of CSG(0.75±0.06). 3) Physical activity level(steps/day) of CSG was significantly higher than that of BSG during weekdays(6249.72±2197.94 vs. 4723.21±1702.39), weekends(5107.22±2332.69 vs. 4077.99±1805.04), and average physical activity(5923.29±1929.82 vs. 4538.86±1585.73). 4) There was significant difference between BSG and CSG of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle endurance, flexibility except muscle power. 5) There was no significant correlation among physical activity volume and BMI, WHR. But, Positive correlation(r=.134, p<.05) between physical activity and standing long jump in BSG was found. Negative correlation (r=-.142, p<.05) between physical activity and 1,200m running & walking and positive correlation (r=.154, p<.01) between physical activity and step test in CSG were found.

Associations of Lifestyle Factors with Cancer Mortality and Life Expectancy in Men

Lee, Chong-Do(이종도),Kang, Hoyul(강호율) 한국웰니스학회 2013 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.8 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 생활습관 요인 인자들과 (흡연, 비운동, 복부비만 등) 현대사회에서 가장 흔히 발생하는 10대 암 사망률과의연관관계를 조사 하는데 있었다. 생활습관 요인 인자들은 0, 1, 2, 3 종류의 통합된 생활습관 형태로 분류하였다. 건강한 남자들을(N=24,723; 연령, 20-80세), 평균적으로 14.5년 동안 추적 조사한 결과, 244명이 10대 암으로 인해 사망하였다. 나이 및 모든 공 변량 변수들을 통제한 후, 콱스(Cox) 비례위험 회귀분석을 이용하여 생활습관 요인 인자들과 10대 암 사망률과의 연관관계를 조사분석한 결과, 금연과 운동, 그리고 정상적인 복부둘레를 유지한 남자들이, 흡연과 비운동, 그리고 복부비만을 유지한 남자들에 비해, 10대 암으로 인한 사망률이 73%나 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 이 세 가지 좋은 생활습관을 유지한 남자들이 나쁜 생활습관을 유지한 남자들에 비해 평균수명이 8년이나 길게 나타났다. 암 예방 측면에서 보았을 떼, 만약 나쁜 생활습관을 유지한 남자들이 좋은생활습관을 유지하였더라면, 대략 53%가량의 남자들이 10대 암으로 인한 사망으로부터 생명을 구 할 수 있었다고 예측할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 흔히 발생하는 10대 암을 예방하기 위해서는, 금연과 운동, 그리고 정상적인 복부둘레를 유지 하는 것이 중요하며, 또한 수명을 연장하는데도 중요한 역할을 한다고 보인다. 특히, 평생 좋은 생활습관을 유지 하는 것은 웰빙의 근원이며 무병장수의 초석이 될 것으로 보인다. Cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and obesity are key modifiable risk factors for most common??cancers. We examined the combined effects of these risk factors on the most common cancer mortality (top 10 leading??cancers) in men. This was a prospective cohort study using data from 24,723 men (aged 20-80 years). We classified a low-risk??profile as never smoked, moderate or high fitness, and normal waist girth, and further categorized them as 0, 1, 2, or 3??combined low-risk factors. During an average of 14.5 years of follow-up (358,055 person-years), there were 244 most common??cancer deaths. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association between the number of low-risk??factors and the 10 leading cancer mortality in men. After adjustment for multiple risk factors, men who were physically fit, never??smoked, and had a normal waist girth had a 73% lower risk of the 10 leading cancer mortality (95% confidence interval??[CI], 56%-83%) compared with men with zero low-risk factors. Men who maintained these three low-risk factors had an 8 year??(95% CI: 5.4-11.0) longer life expectancy as compared with men with none of these low-risk factors. Approximately 53% (95%??CI, 37%-64%) of the 10 leading cancer deaths might have been avoided if the men had maintained these 3 low-risk factors.??Maintaining a normal waist girth, being fit, and never smoking is associated with lower risk of the most common cancer mortality??in men.

초등학생의 신체활동이 신체조성, 혈압 및 기초체력에 미치는 영향

류종식(Ryu, Jong-Sik),강호율(Kang, Ho-Youll) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity on body composition, blood pressure and physical fitness in elementary school students. For this purpose, 157 sixth graders (89 boys, 68 girls) voluntarily participated in this experiment. Students wore pedometers for seven days, including weekend, except while sleeping and taking shower or bath. Also BMI, WHR, %body fat, blood pressure, muscular strength, muscle endurance, muscular power, flexibility, and Vo2max were measured. The result are as follows. 1) Analysis of body composition by physical activity level showed a significant difference between BMI (p<.01), WHR (p<.01), body fat (p<.01) for boys and BMI (p<.01), body fat (p<.01) for girls. 2) Blood pressure did not show a significant difference depending on the level of physical activity for boys. On the other hand, the girls had significant differences in their systolic blood pressure (p<.05). 3) Analysis of physical fitness by physical activity level showed the there is a significant difference between muscle endurance (p<.001), muscular power (p<.001), flexibility (p<.05), Vo2max (p<.001) for boys and muscle endurance (p<.001), muscular power (p<.05), Vo2max (p<.001) for girls. Physical activity is judged to have a positive effect on healthy body composition, control blood pressure, and improving physical fitness. Therefore, it is important to ensure sufficient physical activity for growing children.

운동 중 혈액젖산 측정 방법의 비교

신영호 ( Young Ho Shin ),강호율 ( Ho Youl Kang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 젖산분석법을 운동 중 채취한 혈액에서 서로 비교하고 차이점을 알아보는데 있다. 연구는 D광역시 거주하는 신체 건강한 남자 대학생 10명을 대상으로 실시하였으며 실험 7일 전 운동강도 설정을 위해 에르고미터를 이용한 최대산소섭취량을 측정하였다. 모든 연구대상자는 최대산소 섭취량의 40%, 60%, 80%에서 각 10분간 총 30분간 운동을 실시한 후 편안한 자세로 회복기 5분 동안 실험실에서 안정을 취하였다. 혈액은 운동전, 운동 중(40%, 60%, 80%), 회복기 5분에 채취하였다. 채혈한 혈액 중 500 μl는 8% PCA가 담겨있는 Tube에 담아 분석 전까지 보관하였으며 500 μl는 자동젖산분석기 YSI-1500을 이용하여 즉시 젖산분석을 실시하였다. 나머지 혈액은 응고방지를 위해 헤파린 튜브에 담아 원심분리(3000 g × 20 min)후 혈장만을 분석 전까지 ?70 ℃ 초저냉동고에 보관하였다. 젖산농도는 전혈과 혈장 샘플을 이용하여 자동분석기기(YSI-전혈, YSI-혈장)와 효소법(8% PCA-전혈, 8% PCA-혈장)으로 측정하였다. 혈중 8% PCA-전혈의 젖산농도는 다른 세 가지 방법과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이러한 차이는 운동중 hemoconcentration effect, 적혈구 헤마토크리트 그리고 혈액샘플 내 적혈구의 젖산 생성과 관련이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 고강도 운동 시 젖산농도의 정확한 평가를 위해서는 젖산분석방법이 정확히 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of the current study was to compare lactate concentrations determined by different analysis methods during graded ergometer exercise. Ten college male students living in a D metropolitan city voluntarily participated in this study. After determining the maximal oxygen consumption 7 days prior to an experimental day, all subjects performed ergometer exercises at 40%, 60%, and 80% for 10 minutes, respectively. Blood samples at rest were drawn from the antecubital vein at the last exercise points, and the 5-min recovery point. Five hundred μl of whole blood was deprotenized with 8% perchloric acid and another 500 μl of whole blood was stored in ice water for auto lactate analysis at the YSI 1500. Eight ml of whole blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma portion for the further lactate analysis at 3,000 g for 20 minutes. Lactate levels were determined by either enzymatic method (8% PCA-blood, 8% PCA-plasma) or auto lactate analyzer (YSI-blood, YSI-plasma) from the whole blood and plasma samples, respectively. The lactate concentrations of 8% PCA-blood were significantly different from the other methods (8% PCA-plasma, YSI-blood, YSI-plasma) (p<0.05). These differences may result from one of the following factors including the hemoconcentration effect during exercise, hematocrit effect due to red blood cell portion, and the lactate production from the red blood cell of sample. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that the methods of lactate analysis need to be carefully elucidated for accurate evaluation of lactate concentration during intense exercise.

8주간의 등장성 운동 프로그램이 슬관절과 견관절의 등속성 최대회전력에 미치는 영향

유동훈(Dong-Hun Yoo),강호율(Ho-Youl Kang) 한국생활환경학회 2010 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.17 No.6

This study proved the effect of isokinetic peak torque of upper and lower body using isotonic exercise program method for 8 weeks. Isotonic exercise and isokinetic exercise are different based on specificity of muscle contraction. The subjects of the experiment were consisted of male university students and average age of subjects was 22.9 ± 1.6. They were trained by isotonic weight training program equipment such as bench press, barbell low, incline press machine, arm curl, squat, leg press, leg extension, and leg curl for three times a week for 8 weeks. Two tests were done; isotonic test used by lRM of all equipment and isokinetic test used by peak torque of knee and shoulder joints (60°/sec, 180°/sec) respectively before and after the exercise. The results were as follows: First, isotonic maximum strength of 1RM on all items showed the average improvement from 10.1-26.6%, which means statistically significant differences (p<.01). Secondly, isokinetic peak torque %BW of the knee showed statistically no significant difference on all items (p>.05). Lastly, isokinetic peak torque %BW of the shoulder increased 22.4% at 60o/sec on the right flexor (F60R), and 17.9% at 180o/sec on the right flexor (F180R) showing statistically significant differences (p<.01). Isokinetic peak torque %BW of the shoulder at 60°/sec on the left flexor (F60L) and those of 180°/sec on the right extensor (F180R) increased respectively 9.7%, 13.4% represented statistically significant differences (p<.05). These data mean results from the differences between the speed of muscle contraction and the exercise load method of Isotonic exercise and isokinetic exercise. Therefore muscle contraction pattern used in muscular strength training program should be considered while measuring muscular strength in the case of applying principle of specificity.

운동 강도 차이가 고지방식이 Sprague - Dawley Rat의 골격근 내 PGC - 1α, PPAR - γ 및 인슐린 저항에 미치는 영향

정현령(Hyun-Lyung Jung),강호율(Ho-Youl Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.7

This study investigated the effects of exercise intensity on PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sedentary control group (SED), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet+low-intensity exercise group (HFLE, 22 m/min, 60 min, 6 days/week), high fat diet+moderate-intensity exercise group (HFME, 26 m/min, 51 min), and high fat diet+high-intensity exercise group (HFHE, 30 m/min, 46 min). After 4 weeks of high fat diet and endurance exercise training, the lipid profiles, insulin, and glucose concentrations were determined in plasma. PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and GLUT-4 contents were measured in plantaris muscle. The rate of glucose transport in soleus muscle was determined under submaximal insulin concentration (1,000 μIU/mL insulin, 20 min) during muscle incubation. Plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in HF was significantly greater than that in SED, and plasma glucose levels in the three exercise (EX) groups were significantly lower that those in SED and HF at 30 and 60 min, respectively (P<0.05). Plasma insulin levels in the EX groups were significantly reduced by 60 min compared to that in HF (P<0.05). The protein expression level of PGC-1α as well as muscle glucose uptake were significantly higher in SED and HF than those in the three EX groups (P<0.05), and HFHE showed significantly higher levels than HFLE and HFME. Expression levels of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ were significantly higher in the HFLE, HFME, and HFHE groups compared to the SED and HF (P<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that 4 weeks of high fat diet significantly developed whole body insulin resistance but did not affect PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, or the glucose transport rate in skeletal muscle, and exercise training was able to attenuate deteriorated whole body insulin resistance due to high fat diet. In addition, high intensity training significantly affected PGC-1α expression and the glucose transport rate of skeletal muscle in comparison with low and middle training intensities.