국제상업회의소 GUIDEC II의 전자인증관행의 내용 검토

강원진,장청,Kang, Won-Jin,Jang, Chung 한국통상정보학회 2007 통상정보연구 Vol.9 No.1

The GUIDEC I was published in November 1997 by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and then the GUIDEC was published in October 2000 in the name of GUIDEC II. The GUIDEC II is the next version of GUIDEC I. This paper examines the electronic authentication and certification practices under GUIDEC II in detail. Therefore, this paper can help parties concerned to understand electronic authentication and certification practices of electronic commerce. GUIDEC II maintains the content of GUIDEC I, but GUIDEC II adds some new definitions such as authenticating a message and explains the rights and responsibility of subscribers, certifiers, and relying parties in detail. The aim of the GUIDEC II is to enhance the ability of international business community to execute trustworthy digital transactions utilizing legal principles that promote reliable digital authentication and certification practice.

국내 벤처기업의 성장단계별 외부자원 활용이 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향

강원진,이병헌,오왕근,Kang, Won-Jin,Lee, Byung-Heon,Oh, Wang-Geun 한국벤처창업학회 2012 벤처창업연구 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 2008년 벤처기업정밀실태조사 자료를 활용하여 벤처기업의 외부자원 활용, 특히 외부협력 네트워크 활용, 정부정책자금 활용과 벤처캐피탈 자금 활용이 기술혁신 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 실증적으로 분석하였으며, 나아가 외부자원 활용이 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 효과가 성장단계에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지도 함께 분석하였다. 분석 결과 외부자원 활용과 관련된 모든 변수 즉, 외부협력 네트워크 활용, 정부정책자금 활용, 벤처캐피탈 자금 활용은 기술혁신 성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 벤처기업의 성장단계에 따른 조절효과는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 다만 추가 분석에서 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향이 외부자원 활용의 유형에 따라 성장단계 별로 차이가 있다는 것을 발견하였다. This study empirically analyzed how technological innovation performance of venture business is affected by utilization of external resources, especially utilization of external cooperative network, government's policy funds and venture capital funds, using '2008 Venture Business Investigation'. This study further analyzed how the effect of utilization of external resources on technological innovation performance varies according to growth stage. Analysis results show that all variables related to utilization of external resources, i.e. external cooperative network, government's policy funds and venture capital funds, were observed as affecting positively to technological innovation performance. However, adjustment effect was not observed as statistically meaningful according to growth stage of venture business. Further analysis just observed that the effect on technological innovation performance at each growth stage varies according to type of utilization of external resources.

코스닥 등록 이후 벤처기업의 사업다각화가 기업성과에 미치는 영향

강원진,이병헌,오왕근,Kang, Won Jin,Lee, Byung Heon,Oh, Wang Geun 한국벤처창업학회 2013 벤처창업연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 IPO 이후 벤처기업의 효과적인 다각화 전략을 규명하기 위해 코스닥 등록 벤처기업을 대상으로 다각화가 기업성과 및 기업가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 특히 본 분석에서는 벤처기업의 다각화 수준에 대한 대용변수로 베리-허핀달지수를 사용하였으며, 다각화 방법을 M&A, 전략적 제휴, 자회사 설립으로 구분하여 이들 간의 상호작용 효과가 미치는 영향도 함께 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다각화는 성장성에는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 다각화와 기업의 수익성 간에는 역 U자형 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다각화와 시장가치를 기반으로 측정된 기업가치 사이에는 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 U자형 또는 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, M&A는 다각화와 기업성과 및 기업가치의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 전략적 제휴와 자회사 설립은 다각화와 기업의 수익성과의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과를 토대로 코스닥 등록 이후 벤처기업의 다각화에 대한 실무적인 시사점을 도출하였다. This study analyzes the effects of diversification on business results and enterprise values of KOSDAQ-listed venture companies to inquire into the effective diversification strategies of venture companies after an initial public offering (IPO). In particular, this study used the Berry-Herfindahl index as a proxy variable regarding the level of diversification of venture companies, and categorized the diversification methods into M&As, strategic partnerships and establishment of subsidiaries to analyze the effects of the mutual interaction among such methods. The following is a summary of the results of the analysis. First, diversification did not have any statistically significant effects on business growth. However, it was found that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between diversification and the profitability of the company. Second, although no statistical significance was found between enterprise values measured based on diversification and market value, a U-shaped relationship or positive relationship was found. Third, M&As were found to moderate the relationship between diversification and business results and enterprise values. Fourth, strategic relationship and establishment of subsidiaries was found to moderate the relationship between diversification and the profit results of the company. Based on the above findings, this study discovered the practical implications regarding the diversification of venture companies after listing on the KOSDAQ.

[국제무역결제]전자신용장의 국제결제 인프라구축 동향과 해결과제

강원진(Won-jin Kang) 한국국제상학회 2004 國際商學 Vol.19 No.1

In this paper, I examined the trends of infrastructure for international payment under the electronic letter of credit and their payment solutions of creation of paperless documentary credit transactions. Nowadays, the issuance and amendment of documentary credit are performed by the SWIFT(Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) System. The advising bank will then either print out, or in some cases electronically transmit, the credit to the beneficiary. SWIFT facilitates interbank communication through regional processors, linking the various countries through networks of slice processors. Several project devoted to development of an electronic letter of credit infrastructure have recently been proposed such as SWIFTNet, e-paymentsPlus, Bolero SURF, Identrus, TrustAct and Eleanor. The development of SWIFTNet enables banks to organise the processing of bulk payments over SWIFT's extremely secure and reliable messaging infrastructure. Currently, SWIFTNet allows traders to do business in an environment that now combines the security of a private network and the guarantees of a trusted third party with the flexibility of Internet technologies. The e-paymentsPlus, one of the payment solutions of SWIFT is a global, internet-based, payment initiation and assurance solution for the financial industry to facilitate Business-to-Business electronic commerce. Bolero SURF is also a payment solution as a compliance engine, checking and exchange trade documents for documentary credits. The Identrus global trust system provides internet identity assurance so that companies know who's accessing their data, services and systems. The Identrus System builds on the trust relationship between financial institutions and their customers, to provide trusted third party services to their business customers. Also TrustAct has been developed for financial institutions to build and offer to their corporate customers trusted online service such as identity, data, payment and financing services. Eleanor is an initiative established by Identrus equity bank and deals with payment initiation, as opposed to inter-bank messaging, clearing or settlement. At the same time there is increasing pressure to move from existing paper based documentary credit to electronic documentary credit. In response, the Banking Commission of International Chamber of Commerce established a working group consisting of experts in the related fields to prepare the appropriate rules as a Supplement to Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits Publication No. 500 for Electronic Presentation: eUCP. This new came into force on April 1, 2002. The eUCP will provide the necessary rules for the presentation of the electronic equivalents of paper documents under letters of credit. However some problems of electronic presentation under the eUCP, exist such as format, presentation of electronic records, examination and beneficiary's notice for completeness At present, the key and the solution problems of international payment under the electronic documentary credit are how best to devise to harmony and co-branded that they will develop separate payment solutions, security and certification models such as SWIFT Network, Bolero Surf, Identrus, e-paymentsPlus, TrustAct and Identrus's Eleanor Payment.

학술연구 : 코스닥 등록 이후 벤처기업의 성장전략에 관한탐색적 사례연구

강원진 ( Won Jin Kang ),이병헌 ( Byung Heon Lee ) 한국중소기업학회 2012 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 IPO 이후 벤처기업의 효과적인 성장전략을 규명하기 위해 코스닥 등록 벤처기업을 대상으로 사례연구를 실시하였다. 특히 본 분석에서는 성장전략 유형을 제품군 다각화와 시장다각화를 축으로 4개의 성장전략 유형을 구분하였으며, 각각의 성장전략 유형과 성장방법을 동시에 고려하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 성장전략 유형 및 방법에 있어 성공기업과 정체기업 간 성장패턴에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성공기업은 IPO 직후인 T1기간에 내부개발을 통해 제품군 다각화를 시도하는데 반해 정체기업은 IPO 이후 어느 정도 시간이 흐른 T2기간에 M&A를 통해 제품군 다각화를 시도하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 기존 제품군과의 관련성 측면에서도 성공기업은 기존제품군과 관련성이 높은 제품군을 출시하는 반면, 정체기업은 기존 제품군과는 전혀 다른 제품군을 출시하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 외에도 자회사의 설립 목적 및 방법, 타법인에 대한 투자 측면에서도 분석을 실시하였으며, 이상의 결과를 토대로 IPO 이후 벤처기업의 성장전략에 대한 실무적인 시사점을 도출하였다. This paper studies cases on KOSDAQ listed venture companies for the purpose of apprehending effective growth strategy of venture business after IPO. Especially, this analysis classified growth strategy types in four classes based on axes of products group diversification and market diversification, and analyzed in simultaneous consideration of each growth strategy type and growth method. Analysis result showed different growth pattern in growth strategy type and method between successful companies and sluggish companies. While successful companies try products group diversification by internal development in T1 period which is immediately after IPO, sluggish companies are found as trying products group diversification by M&A in T2 period which is after lapse of some time from IPO. Especially with regard to connection with existing products group, successful companies launched products group highly connected with existing products group, and sluggish companies are found as launching products group that are completely different from existing products groups. Furthermore, this study analyzed on purpose and method of subsidiary incorporation and investment into other companies as well. Based on the result thereof, this paper derived practical implications on growth strategy by venture business after IPO.

신용장거래에서 사기 및 서류위조에 따른 지급이행과 지급거절에 관한 고찰

강원진(Kang, Won jin) 한국무역상무학회 2011 貿易商務硏究 Vol.49 No.-

Traditionally courts have been adopted over the years two standards of dealing with compliance of documents such as strict compliance and substantial compliance and the substantial compliance, which was somewhat less demanding than the strict compliance. However the new guidelines of ICC's international standard banking practice for the examination of documents under documentary credits set up how the UCP is to be applied in practice. The payment obligations of an issuing bank to a beneficiary are independence of the performance or the nonperformance of any contract underlying the letter of credit. However, strictly applying the principle of independence and abstraction could produce unfair results by operating unjustly enrich an unscrupulous beneficiary in case of fraud. Accordingly, when a beneficiary presents complying documents, the issuing bank is bound to honour the presentation unless the fraud rule applies on the facts of the case such as forged or material fraud. If it does, the issuing bank(issuer) needs not pay despite the complying presentation of documents by the beneficiary under the Uniform Commercial Code Article 5-109 and case law in America. However the fraud rule was not addressed in UCP 600. In conclusion, view in terms of legal principle and the court cases is variable and difficult to honour or dishonour the presentation in case of application of the independence principle and fraud rule such as the problems on burden of proof timely, possibility of granting injunction in order to protect against victim for bona fide applicant.

發行銀行에 대한 指定銀行의 代金償還請求上의 沮害要因

姜元辰(Won Jin Kang),李千守(Cheon Soo Lee) 한국무역학회 1996 貿易學會誌 Vol.21 No.2

신용장거래에서 ISBP의 상업송장 심사기준에 관한 고찰

강원진(Won-jin Kang),이상훈(Sang-hun Lee) 한국국제상학회 2006 國際商學 Vol.21 No.4

In February 2003, International Chamber of Commerce"s long-awaited publication ""International Standard Banking Practice for the Examination of Documents under Documentary Credits(ISBP)"" was published after the approval by the full commission at its meeting in Rome in October 31, 2002. The ISBP has been written to help businesses which use Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, 1993 Revision(UCP 500) as a practical complement to the UCP 500. This paper reviewed the examination standards for invoices provided in the ISBP. The ISBP provides for the examination standards on definition, name and address, description of the goods, quantity, originals and copies and other general issues related to invoices based on the standard banking practices and opinions of the ICC banking commissions. By using the examination standards for invoices provided in the ISBP, the traders will be able to prepare documentation more perfectly and document checkers will be able to examine the invoices more easily. So, it is expected to reduce discrepancy rate of the invoices and to prevent disputes resulted from the discrepancies of the invoices.

信用狀去來에서의 詐欺行爲에 관한 硏究

姜元辰(Kang Won-Jin) 한국무역학회 1992 貿易學會誌 Vol.17 No.-

2002 제정 ICC 국제표준은행관행과 신용장서류심사 사례의 비교연구

강원진(Won-jin Kang) 한국국제상학회 2005 國際商學 Vol.20 No.2

The International Standard Banking Practice for the Examination of Documents under Documentary Credits (ISBP) was developed as a supplement to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 500) October 2002. The ISBP contains 200 guiding principals and standards such as preliminary considerations. general principles, Drafts, lnvoices, Transport Documents. Insurance Documents and Certificate of Origin. According to the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) , discrepancies in credits found by banks in the understanding and application of the UCP have led to 60% to 70% of letters of credit being rejected on first presentation, most often as a result of personal opinions, different experiences amongst practitioners, different attitudes, subjective approaches and questions of interpretation, In this paper, I reviewed how documents were examined in the banks and the practices were applied between the provisions of UCP and ISBP together with the cases of Opinions and Decisions of the ICC Banking Commission. The result was that the ISBP is mostly consistent with the UCP and the Opinions and Decisions of the ICC Banking Commission except a few opinions of the Commission. By using the ISBP, the parties concerned with documentary credit transactions are expected to reduce a significant reduction in the number of documents refused for discrepancies and disputes surrounding letter of credit documents that have hindered trade and slowed payments.