석탄 잔사회 및 바닥재가 포함된 인공경량골재의 발포특성에 미치는 활성탄소의 영향

강민아,강승구,Kang, Min A,Kang, Seunggu 한국결정성장학회 2013 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.23 No.4

화력발전소에서 배출되는 석탄 바닥재 및 잔사회는 재활용이 힘든 폐자원이어서 주로 매립 처분되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 화력발전소에서 배출된 석탄 잔사회, 바닥재 그리고 준설토를 혼합하여 인공골재를 제조하고, 실험인자가 골재의 발포거동 및 물성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 특히 미연탄소가 많이 포함되어 있는 잔사회에 대하여 하소 처리를 한 뒤, 인위적으로 활성탄소를 첨가함으로서 하소유무 및 활성탄소 첨가량이 인공골재의 발포특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 인공골재의 부피비중 및 흡수율 값을 시편의 미세구조 관찰 결과와 연계하여 고찰함으로서, 잔사회의 재활용율 제고에 일조하고자 하였다. The coal bottom ash and reject ash discharged from a coal-fired power plant are difficult to recycle so most of them are mainly landfill-disposed. In this study, the artificial aggregate were produced using reject ash, bottom ash and dredged soil emitted from the coal-fired power plant in Korea and the effect of experimental factors on the bloating behavior and the properties of the aggregates were analyzed. In particular, a lot of unburned carbon in the reject ash was removed by calcination and the activated carbon was added to batch powders then the dependence of those process upon bloating properties of artificial aggregate were investigated. For this purpose, the specific gravity and water absorption values of artificial aggregates were investigated in conjunction with microstructural observations. This study could contribute to increase the recycling rate of the reject ash.

미연탄소가 다량 함유된 석탄바닥재로 제조된 인공골재의 물성분석

강민아,강승구,Kang, Min-A,Kang, Seung-Gu 한국결정성장학회 2011 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

미연탄소가 과량 함유된 석탄 바닥재와 준설토가 30 wt% 혼합된 모분말(parent batch powders)로 부터 인공골재를 제조하고 그 물성을 평가하였다. 특히 폐유리 또는 폐유리에 $Na_2O$를 5 wt% 첨가하여 제조된 프리트(NWG)의 혼합이 인공골재의 발포 특성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 모분말로 제조된 골재는 과량의 미연탄소가 소결을 방해하여 부피비중이낮았다. 그러나 모분말에 폐유리를 첨가하면 소결이 촉진되어 치밀화가 일어나고 부피 비중이 증가하였다. 한편 모분말에 NWG를 5 wt% 첨가하여 인공골재를 제조하면, 단순히 폐유리만 첨가한 경우에 비하여 부피비중 값이 감소하였다. 이는 고온에서 융제의 점도가 $Na_2O$ 영향으로 낮아짐에 따라 골재표면에 다량의 액상이 생성되었고 이로 인해 표면 액상에 가스가 포집되어 표피가 다공성을 나타내기 때문이다. 본 연구에서 $1100^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 소성된 시편은 부피 비중 1.15~1.34 및 흡수율 11~19 %을 갖는 경량골재의 특성을 나타내었으며, 발포 현상은 내부가 아닌 표피에서 발생되는 특징을 보였다. The artificial aggregates (AAs) were manufactured from the parent batch powders consisting of bottom ash containing excess unburned carbon and dredged soil, 7 : 3 weight ratio by direct sintering method and those physical properties were evaluated. Especially, the effects of waste glass or frit (NWG) which was made by addition of 5 wt% $Na_2O$ to the waste glass upon the bloating phenomenon of AAs were analyzed. The AAs manufactured from the parent batch powders showed a lower specific gravity than that of specimens containing waste glass or NWG due to excess u$Na_2O$nburned carbon which usually obstructs a sintering process. But, the waste glass added on parent batch powders promoted the sintering and densification thus increased the specific gravity of AAs. Also the specific gravity of AAs added with 5 wt% NWG, was lowered compared to that of AAs added with as-received waste glass. This is because of bloating of shell which captures gases owing to the lowered viscosity of liquid formed at the specimen surface caused by $Na_2O$ addition. In conclusion, the AAs sintered at above $1100^{\circ}C$ in this study showed characters of lightweight aggregate of specific gravity 1.15~1.34 and water absorption 11~19 %, and the bloating phenomenon of AAs was occurred at the shell rather black core part.

유동층(流動層) 연소기(撚燒器)로 부터 발생(發生)된 석탄(石炭) 비산(飛散)재를 이용(利用)한 인공경량골재(人工輕量骨材) 제조(製造)

강민아,강승구,Kang, Min-A,Kang, Seung-Gu 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2011 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.20 No.1

The spherical artificial aggregates (AAs) with a diameter of 8 mm, which contains fly ashes discharged from the fluidized bed combustion in a thermal power plant and clay were manufactured by direct sintering method at $1050{\sim}1250^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes. The effect of fly ash contents on the bloating phenomenon in the AAs was analyzed. The AAs containing fly ash of the amount under 50 wt% showed the black-coring and bloating phenomena. The AAs containing fly ash of the amount over 5Owt%, however, the specific gravity was increased and the color of specimens fully changed to black. These color change phenomena were caused from the formation of FeO by the reduction reaction of almost $Fe_2O_3$ component by the excessive reducing atmosphere formed simultaneously with the rapid emission of the gases generated from the high contents of unburned carbon of with increasing the added fly ash amount. Specific gravity was decreased as fly ash contents increased in the case of sintering at the same temperature condition. Water absorption of all specimens except of the specimens containing 10 wt% fly ashes decreased with increasing sintering temperature. These were because a liquid phase was formed as the increasing the sintering temperature. In the case of the specimens manufactured in this study containing fly ashes discharged from the fluidized bed combustor in a the thermal power plant and 10~90 wt% of clay, the specific gravity was 0.9~1.8 and the water absorptivity was 8~60%, therefore it is considered that those results can be applied to the light or heavy aggregates. 유동층 연소 방식의 화력발전소에서 발생된 석탄 비산재를 점토와 혼합하여 8 mm 크기의 구형 성형체를 제조한 후, $1050^{\circ}C{\sim}1250^{\circ}C$에서 10분 직화 소성하여 인공골재를 제조하고, 골재의 발포특성에 미치는 비산재의 영향을 분석하였다. 비산재가 50 wt% 미만으로 첨가원 시편은 발포되면서 black-coring 현상을 나타내었다. 비산재가 50 wt% 이상 포함되면, 소성온도와 함께 골재의 부피비중이 높아지면서 시편 전체가 검은색으로 변하였다. 이는 미연탄소 함량의 증가로 인해 과도한 환원분위기가 형성되고 따라서 가스가 급속히 방출됨과 동시에 대부분의 산화철이 환원되기 때문이다. 소성온도가 같을 경우 비산재 함유량이 높을수록 골재의 부피비중은 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 비산재 첨가량이 10 wt%인 경우를 제외한 모든 시편들은 소성 온도를 높이면 홉수율이 감소하였는데 이는 고온일수록 액상이 많이 형성되었기 때문이다. 본 연구에서 제조된 유통층 연소기 석탄 비산재에 점토가 10~90 wt% 첨가된 시편들은 부피비중이 0,9~1.8, 흡수율이 8~60%로 다양한 특성을 나타내어 중량 내지 경량골재로 사용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

석탄바닥재가 포함된 인공골재의 경량화에 미치는 적니 영향

강민아,강승구,Kang, Min-A,Kang, Seung-Gu 한국결정성장학회 2011 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.21 No.1

폐기물인 석탄바닥재와 준설토가 70 : 30(wt%)으로 혼합된 배치분말에 적니를 0~30 wt% 첨가하고 $1050{\sim}1250^{\circ}C$에서 10분 직화 소성하여 인공골재를 제조하고 그 물성을 평가하였다. 특히 인공골재의 발포특성에 미치는 적니 첨가량 효과를 분석하기 위해 비중 및 흡수율을 측정하고, 그 결과를 미세구조 결과와 연계하여 고찰하였다. 제조된 인공골재는 소성온도 및 적니 첨가량이 증가할수록 발포성이 향상되어 경량화 되는 특징을 나타내었다. $1050{\sim}1150^{\circ}C$ 범위로 소결된 대부분의 인공골재는 잘 형성된 블랙코어 구조를 가졌으나, 적니가 첨가되고 $1200^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 소결된 시편들은 $Fe_2O_3$의 환원에 의한 과량의 가스 방출 및 액상 형성으로 인하여 블랙코어 부분이 시편 표피를 뚫고 나오는 현상이 나타났다. 특히 적니 30 wt%를 함유한 시편은 $1100^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 소결하면 폭발되어 여러 조각으로 흩어졌다. 본 연구에서 $1200^{\circ}C$에서 소결된 시편의 부피비중은 적니가 첨가되지 않은 것은 1.2, 적니가 20 wt% 첨가된 것은 1.0 이하의 경량골재 특성을 나타내었다. The artificial aggregates (AAs) composing of 2 wastes, coal bottom ash and dredged soil (7 : 3, weight ratio) were fabricated as a function of red mud contents,0~30 wt% using direct sintering method at $1050{\sim}1250^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, and those physical properties were evaluated. Especially, in order to analyze the red mud addition effect on the bloating phenomenon of AAs manufactured, the specific gravity and water absorption were measured and studied linked with the microstructural observation results. The lightening of AAs was enhanced due to increased bloating with increasing temperature and red mud contents. The AAS sintered at $1050{\sim}1150^{\circ}C$ showed well-developed black-coring structure, but for the specimens containing red mud sintered over $1200^{\circ}C$ generated excessive liquid and gas caused by reduction of $Fe_2O_3$, thus the black-coring part was gradually burst open out of shell of AAs. Particularly, all specimens containing 30 wt% red mud was burst up when sintered over $1100^{\circ}C$. The AAs containing no red mud sintered at $1200^{\circ}C$ had a specific gravity of about 1.2 and those containing 20 wt% had below 1.0 which are characters of lightweight aggregate.

승온 소성법을 이용한 균일 발포 특성을 갖는 인공경량골재의 제조

강민아,강승구,이기강,김유택,Kang, Min-A,Kang, Seung-Gu,Lee, Gi-Gang,Kim, Yoo-Tack 한국세라믹학회 2012 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.49 No.2

The temperature-rasing sintering method was used in this study to fabricate the aggregates of uniform pore size and distribution containing reject ash occurred in the thermal power plant. The spheric green aggregates made of reject ash were put into the box furnace of 800~$1000^{\circ}C$, heated with a heating rate of 5~$15^{\circ}C$/min to 1200~$1275^{\circ}C$, sintered for 10 min and then discharged out of the furnace to the room temperature. The input temperature, heating rate and sintering temperature increased the bloating phenomenon of the specimen, and the sintering temperature among them was the most effective factor. The aggregate manufactured at $1275^{\circ}C$ had the specific gravity of about 1.0 and water absorption of 1~2%, and the pores of 500~1,000 ${\mu}m$ were uniformly distributed across the whole specimen. Especially, the aggregates fabricated using the temperature-rasing sintering method in this study showed an excellent bloating properties and uniform microstructure without black core phenomenon which is typical for the bloated ceramics synthesized by direct sintering method.

콜레마니진디벌(Aphidius colemani) 촉각에 분포하는 감각기의 종류 및 외부미세구조적 특징

권혜리,윤규식,강민아,박민우,조신혁,강은진,서미자,유용만,윤영남,Kwon, Hye-Ri,Yoon, Kyu-Sik,Kang, Min-A,Park, Min-Woo,Jo, Shin-Hyuk,Kang, Eun-Jin,Seo, Mi-Ja,Yu, Yong-Man,Youn, Young-Nam 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.49 No.4

Several species of the genus Aphidius are used in biological control programs against aphid pests throughout the world and their behavior and physiology are well studied. While the importance of sensory organs in their behavior is understood, their antennal structure remains largely unknown. In this study, the external morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla on the antennal of both female and male adults of A. colemani were described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Generally, the filiform antennae of males ($l,515.2{\pm}116.5\;{\mu}m$) are longer than females ($l,275.1{\pm}103.4\;{\mu}m$). Antennae of this species are made up of radicle, scape, pedicel and flagellomeres. Male and female antennae differed in the total number of flagellomeres as 15 in males and 13 in females. The result of SEM observation was characterization and grouping of seven types of receptors into morphological classcs: Bohm bristles, Sensilla placodea, 2 types of S. coeloconica and S. trichodea, and S. basiconica as with a tip pore and with wall pores. In addition, the possible functions of the above sensilla types arc discussed in light of previously published literature; mechanoreception (Bohm bristles, S, coeloconica I & II and S. trichodea) and chemoreception (S. placodea, S. basiconica type I & II). Aphidius속(Hymenuptera: Braconidae)에 속하는 일부 종은 주로 생물학적 방제 인자로서 사용되고 있으며, 행동학적 생태에 대하여 연구가 많이 되어있다. 행동에 있어서 신경기관을 중요성을 알고 있음에도 불구하고 촉각의 구조는 널리 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 콜레마니진디벌의 암수 성충의 촉각에 분포하는 감각기를 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 분류하고, 외부형태를 관찰하였다. 일반적으로 콜레마니진디벌의 촉각은 염주상(filiform)의 형태로 수컷($1,515.2{\pm}116.5\;{\mu}m$)이 암컷($l,275.1{\pm}103.4\;{\mu}m$)보다 더 길다. 촉각은 촉각근절(radicle), 밑마디(scape), 자루마디(pedicel, 채찍마디(flagellomeres)로 구분된다. 암 수컷의 채찍마디의 수에서 수컷은 15마디, 암컷은 13마디로 차이가 나타났다. 콜레마니진디벌의 촉각을 SEM을 이용하여 관찰한 결과, 총 7 종류의 감각기 즉; Bohm bristles, Sensilla placodea와 두 가지 타입의 S. coeloconica, S. trichodea, 또 tip pore 또는 wall pores가 있는지 여부에 띠라 두 가지 S. basiconica를 확인할 수 있었다. 이전에 연구들을 바탕으로 각 감각기들의 기능을 추측해볼 때 Bohm bristles과 S. coeloconica type I & II, S. trichodea 등은 기계적감각을, S. placodea, S. basiconica type I & II는 회학적감각을 담당할 것으로 추정된다.

성희롱 피해자 보호를 위한 법적 조치 강화 방안 -건강권 보장 관점의 적용-

권문영 ( Kwon Mun-nyoung ),강민아 ( Kang Min-ah ),배현아 ( Bae Hyun-a ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2016 法과 政策 Vol.22 No.2

이 논문은 그동안 간과되어 왔던 문제인 성희롱 피해자의 건강 피해로부터의 회복과 보상을 지원함으로써 성희롱 피해자를 보호하기 위한 법적, 제도적 조치가 강화되어야 함을 주장하고 그 방안을 고찰하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 첫째, 성희롱 피해자의 건강 피해를 간과하고 있는 현재의 법적 규정의 문제와 이로 인해 가중되는 건강 피해가 구체적으로 어떠한지 살펴보았다. 둘째, 성희롱 예방과 피해자 보호를 위한 조치가 다양하게 마련되어 있는 유럽연합을 비롯한 각 회원국의 성희롱 규제 내용을 개괄한 후 시사점을 제시하였다. 성희롱 피해자를 적극적으로 보호하기 위해서는 우선, 성희롱을 괴롭힘의 하위 범주로 구성하는 법적 노력이 필요하다. 성희롱 행위로 인한 피해는 정신적ㆍ신체적 건강 피해만이 아니라, 주변인이 가해자가 아닌 피해자를 비난하고 괴롭히는 행위 등에 의한 추가적인 피해와 함께 노동권과 학습권이 침해되어 삶이 불안정해지는 것이 모두 포함된다. 그러나 현재는 이처럼 광범위한 피해를 보호할 수 있는 법적 근거가 마련되어 있지 않다. 따라서 괴롭힘을 규제할 수 있는 법적 근거를 마련하는 것은 성희롱으로 인해 야기되는 건강 피해에 대한 사후적 접근을 포함하여 안전한 생활환경을 조성하는 사전적 예방 조치로서의 건강권이 보장될 수 있다는 점에서 매우 유효하다. 둘째, 성희롱 피해자를 위한 상담체계의 구성 및 휴가제도의 도입이다. 성희롱의 경우 행위가 이루어짐과 동시에 정신적ㆍ신체적 건강 피해가 야기되고 피해자가 속한 공동체 구성원에 의해 추가적인 피해가 발생할 가능성이 매우 높다. 따라서 전문가와의 상담과 가해자와의 분리, 그리고 피해자가 원할 경우에는 성희롱 행위가 발생한 공동체와 거리를 두는 것도 다양한 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 방안이다. 셋째, 산업재해에서의 상해의 기준을 트라우마 후의 심리적 트라우마로 확장하고 직업훈련생, 채용을 위해 지원한 자, 고용관계가 이미 종료된 자 등으로 적용 대상의 범위를 확대할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 성희롱이 발생하는 한국 사회의 구조적인 성별 위계 시스템에 대한 적극적인 문제제기로 건강한 생활환경을 조성하여 성희롱이 발생하지 않도록 예방하는 것이 무엇보다 필요하다. This study examines issues, heretofore neglected, which have negative impacts on the health of victims of sexual harassment in South Korea. We review the current status of legal and institutional measures inteded to support victims in their recovery from sexual harassment, as well as the available assistance in he form of financial compensation. At the outset, in order to bring about increased attention to this issue, this study reviews current South Korean legal provisions, observes the extent to which these provisions actually overlook damage to victims’ health, and furthermore, how current practices aggravate damages to the victims. Next, after reviewing the European Union’s measures, as upheld by its member states, for the prevention of sexual harassment, the protection of its victims when it does occur, and corroborating regulatory health reports, this study lays out its proposed recommendations for the South Korean system. As for the improvements of measures to protect the victims of sexual harassment, first there needs to be a legal effort to define sexual harassment as a sub-category of harassment. Damage caused by the sexual harassment not only consists of mental and physical health violation but also additional damage caused by the act of bystanders and bullies blaming the victim rather than the perpetrator. Also the incident evokes violation of victim’s labor rights and their rights to learn where their lives become unstable. However, currently, Korea lacks a legal basis to protect such extensive damage of the victims. Therefore, by providing a legal basis for regulating the harassment is very effective in guaranteeing the right to health in a reactive approach to health damage caused by sexual harassment and a proactive preventive measure to ensure a safe living environment. Second, is to introduce the ancillary health system such as providing a therapeutic consultation and a leave system. In the case of sexual harassment, the moment when the violation happens, it causes both mental and physical health damage and there is a high chance of additional damage that can be caused by the community members where the victim resides. Thus providing a therapeutic consultation with the expert, separating victim and offender, and if the victim wishes, keeping the victim away from the community where the sexual harassment occurred is a way which can minimize other various damages. Thirdly, there is a need for expanding the criteria of injury in an industrial accident as a psychological trauma and comprehensively expanding the range of subject to vocational trainees, people who have applied for the position and employees whose contract has been terminated. Lastly, there is a need to actively raise issues about the structure of hierarchical gender system which perpetrates sexual harassment in Korea to create a healthy living environment where it could prevent the occurrence of sexual harassment.

스마트폰 애플리케이션을 이용한 헤어스타일 상담시 소비자만족에 미치는 영향

강민아 ( Min-a Kang ),진용미 ( Yong-mi Jin ) 한국미용예술경영학회 2012 미용예술경영연구 Vol.6 No.3

As the smartphone market is growing at an annual rate of over 50%, the distribution of smartphones to consumers is gathering momentum. Smartphones have the operating system similar to that of PC (personal computer) and the emergence of applications without any constraint of time and space has stimulated the use of the space called ‘smart business’. The applications are conveniently used by consumers who can download various information easily. However, little studies have been conducted on the hair style application despite a growing interest in the hair style application. This study looked into¹⁾ three different categories of the smartphone application, hair style, consultation, etc. Based on the findings of this study, the consumers who were provided with reliable information had higher satisfaction in using the hair application, particularly when they obtained and used the accurate information related to the smartphone application based on those categories. In addition, the hair application could be used to acquire various information such as the makeup, use of beauty device, location of fashion and beauty parlor, sales management, etc., at an affordable price without constraint of time and space. After all, hair applications were not used only at the beauty parlors, but also had a significant effect on the satisfaction of consumers when they provided the information related to the hair style and beauty treatment. The results of this study will provide the basic data for the marketing strategies targeting the beauty industry in which the applications are developing fast.

성폭력 피해아동 부모를 위한 인지행동치료 프로그램 개발

강민아(Kang, Min-A),김혜정(Kim, Hae-Jung) 한국피해자학회 2010 被害者學硏究 Vol.18 No.2

The authors have developed the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) program for the parents with sexually abused child. The aim of this program is to reduce the parents' stress and to learn the sufficient coping strategies that let the parents help the sexually abused child. CBT for the parents consists of three components which include training of coping skills , gradual exposure and parenting skill. The initial component is training of coping skills to express and change parents' own emotions and negative thoughts, to cope and manage their own stress and to provide the general information on sexually abused child. The second component is gradual exposure. Gradual exposure helps parents confront and cope with discussion about the abuse and train parents for the skills of talking with their children directly about the abuse. If parents have a personal history of the abuse, it is recommended that parents deal on their history. The third component focuses on parenting skill that may be used in managing behavioral problems, particularly any problems that may develop in response to the abuse. and it includes training regarding how to present sex education in proportion to the age and personal safety skills information to the child

완전 고환성 여성화증후군 환자에 생긴 Sertoli 세포선종 1 예

강민아(Min A Kang),김종호(Jong Ho Kim),최석철(Suck Chul Choi),양회생(Hoe Saeng Yang),심재철(Jae Chul Sim),김정란(Jung Ran Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.1

Testicular feminization is an uncommon genetic disorder with considerably familial predisposition and results in total feminization due to end-organ unresponsiveness to androgens. It is characterized by the presence of testes in phenotypically female with adequate breast development, normal extemal genitalia, absence of mullerian structures, and meager or absence of body hair. These patients characteristically have male karyotype(XY) and negative sex chromatin and are at increased risk of undergoing malignant transformation of the undescended gonad. In recent times, the malignant potential of the dysgenetic gonads in the intersex patients with a Y chromosome has been stressed by many authors, but few reports of an association between testicular feminization syndrome and benign tumors such as Sertoli cell adenomas. In the present study, postoperative pathology revealed that the gonads were Sertoli cell adenomas. The main features of clinical presentation and histological studies are briefly discussed with a review of the literature.