이사의 감시의무에 관한 미국법의 동향

김건식 서울대학교 금융법센터 2023 BFL Vol.119 No.-

Organelle genome의 크기와 유형

김건식 中央大學校 文理大 生物學科 1985 生物學硏究 - 中央大學校 文理大 生物學科 Vol.24 No.-

연구발표 : 농지세제도 운영의 합리화로 세수를 증대하는 방안

김건식 대한지방행정공제회 1969 地方行政 Vol.18 No.185

株式發生을 통한 資金調達과 中小企業

金建植 한국법학원 1991 저스티스 Vol.24 No.1

倒産에 임박한 會社와 理事의 義務

김건식 한국상사법학회 2011 商事法硏究 Vol.30 No.3

I. Introduction Generally, management of a near-insolvent firm has three options: (1)restructuring(informal as well as informal), (2) liquidation, and (3) just waiting (doing nothing). Managers hestate to take either (1) or (2), because that means the loss of their job and/or their equity investment. This management inaction, which I call “the delay problem”, is problematic because managers, while making no restructuring efforts, may take actions detrimental to creditor interests. Our challenge is how to lead management to take an appropriate action at an early stage of business difficulty. Countries take divergent approaches in dealing with this delay problem. Germany imposes on directors a duty to initiate insolvency proceedings when there are grounds for insolvency (i.e., inability to pay or overindebtedness). On the other hand, UK takes a more flexible approach on this issue. Its so-called “wronful trading” rule imposes on directors a duty to minimize potential loss to the firm’s creditors when the firm is found to have no reasonable prospect for survival. The purpose of this paper is to examine various existing approaches in dealing with the delay problem from a comparative perspective. II. Direct Control of Management Behavior - Germany: Duty to initiate insolvency proceedings - France et. al.: Recapitalize or Liquidate Rule (ROL)- UK: wrongful trading III. Alternative Approaches Adopted to Control Management Behavior - US: “deepening insovency” doctrine - US: fiduciary duties to creditors - Korea & Japan: directors' liability to third parties - Korea: Enterprise Restructuring Promotion Act IV. Evaluation The divergent approaches discussed in the previous sections are discussed with respect to three points. - Who can best make a decision on how to proceed in a near-insolvent firm?- How to formulate an ideal rule in terms of two essential elements, i.e.,triggering point and required action?- How can we explain the divergence of existing approaches in dealing with this delay problem?V. Conclusion

주주총회 결의하자소송의 하자사유에 관한 입법론적 고찰 - 독일 주식법과의 비교법적 검토 -

김건식,최문희 한국상사법학회 2015 商事法硏究 Vol.34 No.3

It is well known that Shareholder Resolution lawsuits(hereinafter “SR Lawsuits) serve as an important remedy in civil law jurisdictions. The rules on SR lawsuits, however, vary widely even among civil law countries such as Korea, Japan and Germany. Those rules are not identical between Germany and Korea. The purpose of this paper is to examine the law of SR lawsuits in Korea in comparison with German law and from a broader comparative perspective. This paper proceeds as follows. First, to set a stage for our discussion of SR lawsuits in Korea, we set forth a short sketch on historical development of the rules of SR lawsuits in Germany, Japan, and Korea, especially focusing on the grounds for three types of SR lawsuits; rescission lawsuits, nullity lawsuits, and non-existent lawsuits(II). Second, we then discuss some of the salient features of German law on SR lawsuits in comparison with Korean law(III). Finally, we conclude with a few remarks about revision of rule of SR lawsuits in Korea (VII). As for a dividing line between rescission and nullity lawsuits, we want to make one observation. In Korea, to distinguish between nullity and rescission lawsuits based on the nature of defects as in Korea is certainly straightforward and easy to implement. A weakness of this approach lies in its lack of flexibility. A procedure defect, however, is less problematic in terms of rigidity because it may lead to an non-existence law suit if it is regarded as too serious. On the other hand, rigidity may matter in the case of substance defect. If the substance defect involved is not so material, it may be better to treat them as a ground for rescission, which is subject to requirements such as statute of limitation and discretionary dismissal. It may be better for Korea to follow the German approach in this respect by treating a substance defect as a ground for rescission, if the law alleged to be violated relates to the interest of minority shareholders, rather than that of third parties or the general public. Under this new approach, violation of the principle of equality of shareholders, for example, is to constitute a ground for rescission, rather than nullity.

마취 유도전 Lidocaine 근주가 Propofol 의 최면용량에 미치는 영향

김건식,강화자,최영규,이두익 대한정맥마취학회 1999 정맥마취 Vol.3 No.4

서론: 국소마취나 부위마취하에 수술을 하는 경우 통증 조절이 효과적이지 못하거나 불완전하면 마취과 의사는 전신마취에 쓰이는 약제를 사용을 고려하게 된다 . 본 연구에서는 국소 마취시 국소마취제를 연부 조직에 투여하는 상황을 만들기 위해 전신마취 유도전 여러 용량의 lidocaine을 근육에 주사한 후 lidocaine의 근주가 전신마취 유도제로 쓰인 propofol의 최면효과에 미치는 영향을 비교 관찰하였다. 방법: 미국 마취과학회 신체등급분류 1 및 2에 속하고 부인과 수술을 받는 여성 환자 75명을 대상으로 임의로 15개씩 5개의 군으로 나누어 전신마취유도 전에 대조군(1군)에는 saline 3 ㎖를, 4개의 실험군에는 4% lidocaine을 0.5 ㎎/㎏ (2군), 1.0 ㎎/㎏ (3군), 1.5 ㎎/㎏ (4군), 2.0 ㎎/㎏ (5군)을 대둔근에 각각 주사하였다. 10분 후에 propofol을 30초 간격으로 0.2 ㎎/㎏을 5초에 걸쳐 반복 정주하면서 환자에게 “눈을 떠 보세요”라고 2회 반복하여 반응을 보이지 않을때까지 주입하였다. 결과: 대조군에서 propofol의 최면용량은 1.72 ± 0.17 ㎎/㎏였으며 lidocaine을 마취유도 전 0.5와 1.0 ㎎/㎏을 근주한 2군과 3군에서 propofol의 최면용량은 대조군에 비해 유의한 감소가 없었으나 1.5와 2.0 ㎎/㎏을 근주한 4군과 5군은 대조군에 비해 유의한 감소를 보였다(P<0.05). 결론: 본 연구에서 lidocaine은 용량 의존적으로 propofol의 최면효과를 증가시키므로 마취유도전 연부 조직에 licodaine을 이미 주사하였다면 propofol의 마취유도 용량을 조절하여야 한다. Background: When a dose of local anesthetic is injected to provide pain relief for a surgical procedure, but is either insufficient and ineffective. the anesthesiologist should consider the use of drugs for general anesthesia. There is a growing interest in the possible interactions of local and regional anesthesia with drugs used for general anesthesia. We have compared the hypnotic requirements for intravenous propofolwhen intramuscular lidocaine was injected before induction of anesthesia. Methods: Seventy five women (ASA Ⅰ, Ⅱ) undergoing gynecological surgery were allocated randomly to one of five groups of 15 patients to receive propofol intravenously combined with intramuscular 4% lidocaine (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ㎎/㎏) or saline 10 min before induction of anesthesia, respectively. Propofol was administered in bolus doses of 0.2 ㎎/㎏ every 30 sec until loss of response to verbal command. Results: The mean dose of propofol for hypnosis in control group (saline) was 1.72 ± 0.17 ㎎/㎏. 0.5 (group 2) and 1.0 ㎎/㎏ (group 3) of lidocaine did not reduce significantly the hypnotic dose of propofol but 1.5 (group 4) and 2.0 ㎎/㎏ (group 5) of lidocaine reduced significantly. Conclusion: We conclude that if lidocaine is injected into soft tissue before induction of anesthesia by propofol, the intravenous dose of propofol should be modified because lidocaine enhances the hypnotic effect of propofol in a dose dependent manner.

승온하에서 UO2 소결체의 공기중 노출 온도에 따른 산화특성

김건식,김동주,이영우,오장수,김종헌,양재호,김선기 한국방사성폐기물학회 2014 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2014 No.05

뇌 동맥류 수술을 위한 Isoflurane 마취시 Sodium Nitroprusside 가 혈소판 응집기능에 미치는 영향

김건식,이희주,손창호,강화자,최영규,신광일 대한마취과학회 1996 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.31 No.2

Background: The intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside is widely used as a means of producing deliberate hypotension in a variety of clinical situations. However, sodium nitroprusside reported to inhibit platelet aggregation. So we studied the effects of sodium nitroprusside on platelet function in patients undergoing intracranial aneurysm surgery with isoflurane anesthesia. Methods: Platelet rich plasma from the patients receiving sodium nitroprusside was studied for aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine and collagen. Maximum aggregation rate and maximum aggregation time were evaluated from the samples collected at pre-sodium nitroprusside infusion, 30min and 90min after sodium nitroprusside infusion, respectively. At the same time, bleeding time was measured. Results: The mean maximum aggregation rate of adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine and collagen at pre-sodium nitroprusside infusion decreased significantly 30min and 90min after sodium nitroprusside infusion, respectively(P$lt;0.05). But the maximum aggregation time showed no significant change. Prolongation of bleeding time was not observed after sodium nitroprusside infusion. Correlation between the total sodium nitroprusside dose delivered and the maximum aggregation rate of adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine and collagen were significant (r=0.797(P$lt;0.05), r=0.732(P$lt;0.05) and r 0.737(P$lt;0.05)). Conclusions: In situation where sodium nitroprusside is administered for deliberate hypotensive anesthesia during intracranial aneurysm operation, the platelet aggregation was inhibited by sodium nitroprusside. However, bleeding time was not prolonged.

공공 일자리의 질이 구성원의 태도와 행동에 미치는 영향: 통합 리더십의 조절 효과

김건식 한국행정연구원 2022 韓國行政硏究 Vol.31 No.1

This study analyzes the effect of public job quality on public service motivation, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and innovative behavior. In addition, the present paper demonstrates that the integrative leadership moderates the relationship between job quality and the attitude and behavior of public employees. The study results using a pooled cross-sectional data provided by the Public Employee Perception Survey of the Korean Institute of Public Administration showed that, first, the job quality exponentially increased the public service motivation, and job quality positively interacted with the integrative public leadership. Second, public job quality positively relates to the organizational commitment and the relationship between them showed an exponential increase, meaning that the increasing rate of the organizational commitment increases as the job quality increases. The positive interaction between the public job quality and the organizational commitment was also founded. Third, the public job quality exponentially increased the organizational citizenship behavior, and the job quality positively interacted with the integrative leadership. Fourth, the innovative behavior increased as the quality of jobs increased, and the increasing rate of the innovative behavior increased as the level of job quality increased. This study also verified that the integrative public leadership moderated the non-linear relationship between job quality and innovative behavior in the public sector. This study suggests that the social attributes of the public job quality are the driving force that accelerates the increase in public service motivation, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and innovation behavior. This study also implies that such organizational effectiveness and performance can be further strengthened under the integrative leadership of managers. 본 연구는 공공부문에서 일자리의 질이 공공봉사동기, 조직몰입, 조직시민행동, 혁신 행동에 미치는 효과를 분석하고, 통합적인 리더십이 이들 간의 관계를 조절하는지를 실증하였다. 공직생활실태조사의 2018, 2019, 2020년도 원자료를 통합하여 분석한 결과, 첫째, 일자리의 질은 조직 구성원의 공공봉사 동기 수준을 높이고, 일자리의 질의 공공봉사동기에 대한 효과는 가속적으로 증가하는 지수함수적인 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 일자리의 질은 통합적 리더십과 상승적인 상호작용이 있음을 검증 하였다. 둘째, 일자리 질이 높을수록 조직몰입이 늘어나며, 조직몰입에 대한 효과는 가속적으로 증가 하는 지수함수적인 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 일자리의 질과 통합적인 리더십 수준 간의 상승 적인 상호작용을 검증하였다. 셋째, 일자리 질 수준이 높을수록 공직자의 조직시민행동이 늘어나며, 일자리의 질 수준과 조직시민행동 간에는 지수함수적인 관계가 있고, 일자리의 질과 통합 리더십 수준 간의 상승적인 상호작용이 있음을 검증하였다. 넷째, 일자리 질은 구성원의 혁신행동을 증가시키고, 혁신행동이 증가하는 정도는 일자리 질이 개선될수록 더욱 상승함을 확인하였다. 또한 일자리 질이 혁신행동이 관계하는 정도는 통합 리더십 수준이 높을수록 상승적인 상호작용이 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 일자리 질의 사회적인 속성이 공공봉사동기, 조직몰입, 조직시민행동 및 혁신행동을 가속적으로 증가시키는 추동력이며, 이와 같은 조직 효과성과 성과는 리더의 태도와 행동에 따라 더욱 강화될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.