위계적 선형 모형(HLM)을 이용한 유아의 수학적 성향 관련 변인 탐색

변선주,김숙자 한국유아교육학회 2016 정기학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.1

본 연구는 위계적 선형 모형(HLM)을 이용하여 유아의 수학적 성향에 영향을 미치는 변인을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상은 B지역 공·사립 유치원 만 5세반 유아 246명과 이들의 어머니 246명, 그리고 담임교사 23명이다. 유아의 수학적 성향에 대한 유아수준 변인(유아의 성별 및 월령, 수학지식, 어머니의 수학적 태도, 가정수학교육환경)과 교사수준 변인(수학적 태도, 수학교과교육학지식, 수학교수효능감)의 주 효과 및 두 수준 변인간의 상호작용 효과를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 우선, 유아수준 변인 중 월령은 유아의 수학적 성향 전체와 융통성, 자신감, 지속성, 자기점검, 적용성에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 수학지식은 유아의 수학적 성향 전체와 하위 구성요소 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로, 교사수준변인 중 수학교과교육학지식이 융통성에 영향을 미쳤으며, 융통성을 제외한 나머지 하위 구성요소와 수학적 성향 전체에서는 교사수준 변인 모두가 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로, 상호작용 효과를 살펴본 결과 유아의 성별과 교사의 수학교과교육학지식, 유아의 수학지식과 교사의 수학적 태도 간 상호작용이 하위 구성요소 중 자기점검에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

위계적 선형 모형(HLM)을 이용한 유아의 수학적 성향 관련 변인 탐색

변선주 ( Byun Sun Joo ),김숙자 ( Kim Suk Ja ) 한국유아교육학회 2017 유아교육연구 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구는 위계적 선형 모형(HLM)을 이용하여 유아의 수학적 성향에 영향을 미치는 변인을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상은 B지역 공·사립 유치원 만 5세반 유아 246명과 이들의 어머니 246명, 그리고 담임교사 23명이다. 유아의 수학적 성향에 대한 유아수준 변인(유아의 성별, 월령, 수학지식, 어머니의 수학적 태도, 가정수학교육환경)과 교사수준 변인(수학적태도, 수학교과교육학지식, 수학교수효능감)의 주 효과 및 두 수준 변인간의 상호작용 효과를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아수준 변인은 월령이 유아의 수학적 성향 전체와 융통성, 자신감, 지속성, 자기점검, 적용성에 영향을 미치고 수학지식이 유아의 수학적 성향 전체와 하위 구성요소 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 교사수준 변인은 수학교과교육학지식이 유아의 수학적 성향 중 융통성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 유아의 성별과 교사의 수학교과교육학지식, 유아의 수학지식과 교사의 수학적 태도 간 상호작용이 유아의 수학적 성향 중 자기점검에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. This study aimed to determine the extent to which the variables that influence young children s mathematical disposition explain such disposition, using Hierarchical Linear Modeling(HLM). The subjects of this study were 246 children aged 5 years old sampled from 23 different classes in the city of B, their 246 mothers, and the 23 homeroom teachers of the classes. This study explored variables relating to the level of young children gender, age, mathematical knowledge, mother s attitude toward mathematics, educational environment within the home regarding mathematics and variables relating to the level of teachers attitude toward mathematics, pedagogical content knowledge in mathematics, mathematics teaching efficacy , the variables main effects on the children s mathematical disposition, as well as any interactive effects between the two groups of variables. Results of the study were as follows: First, only age and mathematical knowledge appeared to have significant effects on children s mathematical disposition. Second, teachers mathematical knowledge was seen to ifluence the flexibility in children s mathematical disposition. Third, both interactive effects between children s gender and teachers mathematical pedagogic content knowledge, and interactive effects between children s mathematical knowledge and teachers mathematical attitude were seen to have influence over self-monitoring in children s mathematical disposition.

학업성취(學業成就)와 관련(關聯)된 자아개념변인(自我槪念變因), 불안변인(不安變因), 학습습관변인(學習習慣變因), 성취동기변인(成就動機變因), 인성변인(人性變因)에 대한 통합분석(統合分析)

김억환 ( Uk Hwan Kim ),구병두 ( Byung Doo Ku ),변호걸 ( Ho Kul Byun ),김부국 ( Boo Kuk Kim ) 건국대학교 교육연구소 1992 교사와 교육(구 교육논집) Vol.16 No.-

This study was designed to synthesize quantitatively the master`s theses and doctoral dissertations focusing on effects of academic achievements in affective function variable group. This task was accomplished by utilizing the meta-analysis technigue of research integration as defined by Glass(1982). Basically, meta-analysis is a statistical analysis of summary findings of many empirical studies. its purpose is to draw reliable and general conclusions from a large and complex body of literature on a common topic. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative synthesis of 53 master`s theses and doctoral dissertations focusing on the effects academic achievements in affective function variable group. The affective function variable group categorized five independent variables in this study. These five independent variables are self-concept, anxiety, learning attitude, achievement motivation, and personality. This study also assessed the relationship between moderator variables and effect size. The moderator variables investigated included grade, curriculum area, experimental period, number of subject, source of studies, sex, geographic area, and school type. This study set the following questions to be answered. Problem 1 : How large are the effect sizes of the five independent variables selected in this study? Problem 2 : How large are the effect sizes of the interaction effect between five inde-pendent variahbes and eight moderator variables? The standard procedures analogous to those performed during primary research were used in this meta-analysis: locating studies(data collection), coding the characteristics and outcomes of the studies (evaluation of date points) and using statistical procedures of meta-analysis in order to describe the overall and subs ample effects(data analysis and interpretation). The result of this study may be summarized as follows. 1. The grand average degree of effect size of the academic achievement factors proposed in this study turned out to be .478. This means that if the average effect size of academic achievement variables of the controlled group is 50 percentile in the normal distribution, that of the experimental group becomes 68.44 percentile. As it were, the latter surpasses the former by 18.44 percentile. 2. Among the five independent variables of academic achievement proposed in this study, learning attitude variable showed the highest effect size, its effect size being 1. 134. The second highest one is achievement motivation whose effect size is .752. The 3th highest one is self-concept variable whose effect size is .534. The 4the highest one is personality variable whose effect size is .270. On the other hand, anxiety variable was proved to have the lowest effect size in this study. 3. The learning attitude variable had the most effect on academic achievements regardless of male or female, grades(ages), and subjects.

장소자산(場所資産)의 변용(變容) 양상(樣相)으로 본 ‘시코쿠헨로’

변정아 ( Byun Jung-a ) 한국일본근대학회 2019 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.65

본 연구는 ‘시코쿠헨로’가 가지고 있던 역사자원을 현재의 시코쿠의 관광콘텐츠로서 활용할 수 있는 장소자산의 변용에 주안점을 두고 분석하고자 한다. ‘시코쿠헨로 88개소’는 시코쿠 4개 현 전체를 관통하며 분포되어 있는 시코쿠 전체 자산이다. 따라서 4개현 지자체의 지역 정책 시스템 하에 지역 간 협의와 협력이 이루어져야 시코쿠 전체 장소자산으로서 효과를 상승시킬 것이다. ‘시코쿠헨로’는 일본 불교의 종류를 총 망라하고 있는 독특한 순례길이므로 대중은 종파에 얽매이지 않고 순례를 할 수 있다. 현재의 시코쿠헨로는 종교적 가치의 엄중함 없이 유연한 방식의 순례를 권장하기 때문에 국적, 성별, 연령에 상관없이 관광객 개인의 상황에 따라 자유롭게 순례 방법을 선택할 수 있다. 순례 행위 자체는 현재까지 전통으로서 명맥을 유지하지만 시간에 따라 형태, 의미, 목적은 다소 변용되었다. 따라서 시코쿠헨로도 시대에 맞게 종교적인 수행뿐만 아니라 병의 치유·공양 외에, 마음의 위안을 찾아 휴식과 건강증진, 등산이나 하이킹의 연장, 관광여행의 일환 등, 다양한 형태로 현대인의 힐링 여행으로서 재발견되며 관광콘텐츠로 부활하고 있다. This research focused on the change of place asset to utilize the historical resources of ‘Shikoku Henro’ as tour contents of present Shikoku. ’88 Places in Shikoku Henro’ are the asset of the whole Shikoku, distributed throughout 4 hyun of Shikoku. Therefore, the effect of the place asset of the entire Shikoku can be improved when regional agreement and cooperation is made under the regional policy system of the local governments of 4 hyun. ‘Shikoku Henro’ is a unique pilgrimage that encompasses the kinds of Japanese Buddhism, so the people can make a pilgrimage without being tied to a sect. Since current Shikoku Henro encourages a flexible way of pilgrimage without a strict religious value, visitors are free to choose how to make a pilgrimage regardless of their nationality, gender, or age. The pilgrimage act itself retains life as a tradition so far, however its form, meaning, and purpose have been somewhat changed along with time. Accordingly, Shikoku Henro is rediscovered as a healing journey of modern people in various ways such as relaxation, health promotion, extension of the mountain climbing and hiking, a part of travel, besides religious performance proper for Shikoku Henro Era, and is revived as a tourism content.

學業成就와 關聯된 自我槪念變因, 不安變因, 學習習慣變因, 成就動機變因, 人成變因에 대한 統合分析

金億煥,具炳斗,邊虎杰,金富國 建國大學校 敎育硏究所 1992 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This study was designed to synthesize quantitatively the master's theses and doctoral dissertations focusing on effects of academic achievements in affective function variable group. This task was accomplished by utilizing the meta-analysis technigue of research integration as defined by Glass(1982). Basically, meta-analysis is a statistical analysis of summary findings of many empirical studies. its purpose is to draw reliable and general conclusions from a large and complex body of literature on a common topic. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to conduct a quantitative synthesis of 53 master's theses and doctoral dissertations focusing on the effects academic achievements in affective function variable group. The affective function variable group categorized five independent variables in this study. These five independent variables are self-concept, anxiety, learning attitude, achievement motivation, and personality. This study also assessed the relationship between moderator variables and effect size. The moderator variables investigated included grade, curriculum area, experimental period, number of subject, source of studies, sex, geographic area, and school type. This study set the following questions to be answered. Problem 1 : How large are the effect sizes of the five independent variables selected in this study? Problem 2 : How large are the effect sizes of the interaction effect between five independent variahbes and eight moderator variables? The standard procedures analogous to those performed during primary research were used in this meta-analysis : locating studies(data collection), coding the characteristics and outcomes of the studies (evaluation of date points) and using statistical procedures of meta-analysis in order to describe the overall and subsample effects(data analysis and interpretation). The result of this study may be summarized as follows. 1. the grand average degree of effect size of the academic achievement factors proposed in this study turned out to be .478. This means that if the average effect size of academic achievement variables of the controlled group is 50 percentile in the normal distribution, that of the experimental group becomes 68.44 percentile. As it were, the latter surpasses the former by 18.44 percentile. 2. Among the five independent variables of academic achievement proposed in this study, learning attitude variable showed the highest effect size, its effect size being 1.134. The second highest one is achievement motivation whose effect size is .752. The 3th highest one is self-concept variable whose effect size is .534. The 4the highest one is personality variable whose effect size is .270. On the other hand, anxiety variable was proved to have the lowest effect size in this study. 3. The learning attitude variable had the most effect on academic achievements regardless of male or female, grades(ages), and subjects.

e-Learning 상호작용 유형별 과정개설 실태 및 만족도 분석

변숙영 ( Sook Young Byun ),이수경 ( Soo Kyoung Lee ),권성연 ( Soung Youn Kwon ) 한국교육정보미디어학회(구 한국교육정보방송학회) 2007 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.13 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 기업에서 활용되고 있는 e-Learning 과정의 상호작용 유형에 따른 과정개설 실태와 만족도를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여, 노동부에서 실시한 e-Learning 기관평가 자료(2006)와 노동부에서 실시한 e-Learning 컨텐츠 심사운영 사업의 자료가 유기적으로 연계된 총 76개 기업 및 e-Learning 교육기관의 2,986개 과정 데이터를 분석하였다. 구체적으로 첫째, e-Learning 과정의 상호작용 유형별(유형1, 유형2, 유형3; 3으로 갈수록 상호작용의 밀도가 높아짐)로 과정 개설 실태 및 학습자 만족도를 분석하였고, 둘째, 이러한 분석결과가 과정 특성 변인별(기관유형, 강사 당 학습자 비율, 개발방법, 과정유형, 학습수준, 자격관련유무, 학습시간)로 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 첫째, e-Learning 과정의 상호작용 유형에 따른 개설빈도는 대부분 과제 및 평가에 대한 교강사 첨삭 지도 중심의 상호작용(유형 2)이 주를 이루고 있었다. 둘째, 기업 e-Learning 특성 변인들과 상호작용 유형간에는 유의미한 관계가 나타났다. 셋째, 상호작용 유형별 학습자 만족도를 살펴본 결과 극히 제한된 상호작용이 이루어진 유형 1보다는 적극적인 상호작용이 적용된 유형2와 유형3의 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 기관의 유형, 강사1인당 학생수, 컨텐츠 개발 방법, 자격관련 유무, 학습시간 변인과 상호작용 유형에 따라 학습자 만족도에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of e-Learning courses and learner`s satisfaction level according to the interaction types. The 2,986 course data of 76 institutes(corporations and e-Learning institutes), which were from the documentation of ``e-Learning institute evaluation(2006)`` and ``e-Learning courses certification(2006)`` in Ministry of Labor, were analyzed in the study. Using the data, the current courses of e-Learning and learners` satisfaction level by e-learning course interaction types were analyzed. Further the results were studied according to the various variables of course characteristics. As a result, firstly, the most frequent opening course opening was the second type of interaction(teacher`s main interaction activities in correcting assignment and evaluating learner`s achievement). Secondly, the significant relationship was found between the variables of course characteristics and interaction types. Thirdly, learners showed higher satisfaction level about the interaction of type 2 and type 3 than restricted interaction type of 1. Fourthly, learner`s satisfaction level was significantly different in the course characteristics(the number of students by a teacher, the content development method, the existence or nonexistence of license connection) and interaction types(type 1, type 2, type 3).

초등학교 남학생의 BMI 수준에 따른 신체구성, 체력, HOMA 및 혈중 지질변인 농도의 비교

변자영(Ja Young Byun),김기진(Ki Jin Kim) 한국발육발달학회 2012 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of body composition, physical fitness, blood lipid profile, and insulin resistance of elementary school boys (16grade) according to body mass index (BMI) levels. Subjects were divided into 3 groups (Obese: 95% above, Over-weight: 85% above, Normal weight) according to BMI levels. Body composition items (% body fat, WHR (waist hip ratio), lean body mass, skinfold thickness, and body circumference) of obese and over-weight group were significantly (p<.05) higher than normal weight group. HDL-C of obese group was significantly (p<.05) lower than normal weight group, and TG and insulin concentration of obese and over weight group were significantly (p<.05) higher than Normal weight group. Glucose and HOMA-IR of Over weight group were significantly (p<.05) higher than normal weight group. Grip strength per body weight of obese group was significantly (p<.05) lower than normal weight group. In conclusion, body composition and blood variables showed a declining trend according to decreasing BMI. Wheres physical fitness showed an increasing trend according to decreasing BMI. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the changes in insulin resistance according to BMI levels in a child.

소셜 네이티브 광고(Social Native-ads) 태도 및 효과에 관한 연구 : 페이스북 스폰서 광고를 중심으로

변혜민,심성욱 한국광고PR실학회 2016 광고PR실학연구 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 모바일을 통해 페이스북을 이용하는 사용자를 대상으로 네이티브 스폰서 광고에 대한 태도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 페이스북 네이티브 스폰서 광고에서 ‘친구 추천’ 유무에 따라 광고 효과에 차이가 있을 것인지를 살펴보았는데, 방해성·브랜드 태도·구전 의도는 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 광고로 인지하였는지에 따라 방해성과 구전 의도는 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 페이스북 네이티브 스폰서광고에서 ‘좋아요(Like)’ 수에 따라 광고 효과에 차이를 보일 것인지 살펴보았는데, 광고태도·구전 의도·구매 의도는 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 페이스북 네이티브 스폰서 광고에서 ‘콘텐츠 소재’에 따라 차이를 보일 것인지 살펴보았는데, 주 효과와 광고 인지를 하였는지에 따른 차이 모두 유의미한 결과를 나타내지 않았다. 넷째, 세부적으로 페이스북 네이티브 스폰서 광고에서 각 변인 간의 관계를 살펴보았는데, ‘좋아요’ 수는 광고 태도에 유의미한 차이를 나타내었다. 또한, ‘친구 추천’ 유무는 브랜드 태도에 유의미한 차이를 나타내었다. 다섯째, 페이스북 네이티브 스폰서 광고 태도에 대한 영향요인이 광고 효과에 유의미한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았는데, 광고 태도에는 정보성을 제외한 오락성· 방해성·신뢰성·자연스러움·프라이버시 침해가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. This study is to find the attitude toward social media advertising thorough Facebook users. First, there is significant result between friend recommendation and no recommendation on attitude toward brand and purchase intention. Second, there is a significant result depending on a number of recommendation in case of attitude toward advertising and purchase intention. Third, there is no significant result between video and still cut. Fourth, number of like and the recommendation of friends’ had an impact on attitude toward advertising. Fifth, attractiveness, intrusiveness, believability, and privacy except for informativeness had an impact on attitude toward advertising

Facial Flap Repositioning in Posttraumatic Facial Asymmetry Perfect

변일환,변단,백우열 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2016 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.17 No.4

Perfect facial and body symmetry is an important aesthetic concept which is very difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. Yet, facial asymmetries are commonly encountered by plastic and reconstructive surgeons. Here, we present a case of posttraumatic facial asymmetry successfully treated with a unique concept of facial flap repositioning. A 25-year-old male patient visited our department with severe posttraumatic facial asymmetry. There was deviated nasal bone and implant to the right, and the actual facial appearance asymmetry was much more severe compared to the computed tomography, generally shifted to the right. After corrective rhinoplasty, we approached through intraoral incision, and much adhesion from previous surgeries was noted. We meticulously elevated the facial flap of both sides, mainly involving the cheeks. The elevated facial flap was shifted to the left, and after finding the appropriate location, we sutured the middle portion of the flap to the periosteum of anterior nasal spine for fixation. We successfully freed the deviated facial tissues and repositioned it to improve symmetry in a single stage operation. We conclude that facial flap repositioning is an effective technique for patients with multiple operation history, and such method can successfully apply to other body parts with decreased tissue laxity.

UV-B 반복노출에 따른 항산화효소의 변성 및 활성저하와 RGP렌즈의 차단효과

변현영,이은정,오대환,김소라,박미정 한국안광학회 2015 한국안광학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: The present study was conducted to reveal the correlation of structural denaturation and decrease of enzyme activity when the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were repeatedly exposed to UV-B, and further investigate whether the denaturation and inactivation of those enzymes can be effectively blocked by using UV-inhibitory RGP lens. Methods: Each enzyme solution was prepared from the standardized SOD and CAT, and repeatedly exposed to UV-B of 312 nm for 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours a day over 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. Structural denaturation of SOD and CAT induced by repeat UV-B irradiation was confirmed by the electrophoretic analysis, and their enzyme activity was determined by the colorimetric assay using the proper assay kit. At that time, the change in structure and activity of the antioxidant enzymes directly exposed to UV-B was compared to the case that UV-B was blocked by UV-inhibitory RGP lens. Results: SOD exposed repeatedly to UV-B showed the polymerization pattern in the electrophoretic analysis when it repeatedly exposed for 30 min a day, however, the change of its activity was less than 10%. On the other hand, CAT repeatedly exposed to UV-B reduced size and density of the electrophoretic band which indicated a structure denaturation, and its activity was significantly decreased. In the case that the repeat exposure time was longer, CAT activity was completely lost even though some enzyme band occurred in the electrphoretic analysis. In addition, the degeneration of CAT due to UV-B irradiation was inhibited to some extent by using RGP lens with a UV-B blocking of 63.7%, however, it was not completely inhibited. Conclusions: From these results, it was revealed that the structural denaturation of antioxidative enzymes was not perfectly correlated with the reduction in enzyme activity according to the type of enzyme. It is recommended to minimize the exposure time to UV when wearing contact lens, or wear the contact lenses having UV blocking rate of the FDA Class I blocker or the sunglasses having equivalent UV-blocking rate for reducing the damage of antioxidative enzymes induced by UV. 목적: 본 연구는 안구에 존재하는 항산화효소인 superoxide dismutase(SOD)와 catalase(CAT)가 UV-B에 반복적으로 노출되었을 때 유발되는 구조변성 및 활성저하의 상관관계를 밝히며, 자외선 차단 RGP렌즈의 사용으로 효소의 변성과활성저하가 효율적으로 차단되는가를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 방법: SOD와 CAT의 표준품으로 각각의 효소용액을 제조하고 하루 30분, 1시간 및 2시간씩 312 nm의 UV-B에 1, 2, 3, 4 및 5일 동안 반복적으로 노출시켰다. 이 때 UVB에직접 노출시킨 항산화효소의 구조 및 활성변화를 자외선 차단기능이 있는 RGP렌즈로 UV-B를 차단시킨 경우와비교하였다. UV-B 반복노출에 따른 SOD와 CAT의 구조변성은 전기영동분석으로 확인하였으며, 이들 효소활성은 분석키트를 이용하여 비색분석법으로 측정하였다. 결과: UV-B에 반복노출된 SOD는 일일 30분 조사조건으로 반복노출되었을 때에도 전기영동분석에서 효소다중화(polymerization)가 관찰되었으나 활성의 변화는 10% 이내로 나타났다. 반면UV-B에 반복노출된 CAT은 전기영동 시 효소밴드크기나 진하기가 감소하여 구조변성이 나타났음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 반복노출시간이 긴 경우 CAT은 전기영동분석에서 효소밴드를 보임에도 불구하고 그 활성은 완전히 소실되었다. 또한 UV-B 조사로 인한 CAT의 변성은 63.7%의 UV-B 차단기능을 가진 RGP렌즈의 사용으로 어느 정도 억제되었으나완전히 억제되는 것은 아니었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 UV-B 반복노출에 따른 항산화효소의 구조변성은 그 종류에 따라 효소활성의 감소정도와 반드시 일치하는 것은 아님을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 자외선으로 인한 항산화효소의 손상을막기 위하여서는 콘택트렌즈를 착용한 상태에서 자외선 노출시간을 최소화하거나, FDA Class I 차단제에 해당하는 UV 차단율을 가지는 콘택트렌즈를 착용 또는 이에 상응하는 UV차단율을 가지는 선글라스를 덧착용할 것을 권장한다.