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${\pi}$형 거더를 가진 4경간 사장교의 동적거동에 관한 실험적 연구
조재영,김영민,이학은,윤기용,Cho, Jae-Young,Kim, Young-Min,Lee, Hak-Eun,Yoon, Ki-Yong 한국방재학회 2004 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.4 No.1
Generally, a ${\pi}$-type girder composed of two I-type girders is known to have a significant disadvantage in wind resistance design because of aerodynamic instability. A representative bridge for this girder was Tacoma Narrows Bridge. Since Tacoma Narrows Bridge had very low stiffness of the bridge structure and its cross-section shape had aerodynamic instability, the bridge collapsed after severe torsion and vibration events in 19m/s wind speed. Aerodynamic vibration can be avoided by enhancing structural stiffness and damping factor and conducting a study of cross-section shapes. This study shows the angle of attack for the four-span cable stayed bridge having ${\pi}$-type cross-section and describes the aerodynamic characteristics of the changed cross-section with aerodynamic vibration damping additions, by carrying out two-dimension vibration tests. As a result of uniform flow and turbulent flow, the study shows that because the basic ${\pi}$-type cross-section alone can have efficient wind resistant stability, there is no need to have additional aerodynamic damping equipment. Since this four 230m-main-span bridge has a large frequency and also has a big stiffness compared to other bridges containing a similar cross-section, it has aerodynamic stability under the design wind speed. 일반적으로, 2개의 I형 거더로 이루어진 ${\pi}$형거더는 공기역학적으로 불안하여 내풍설계에 있어 매우 불리 한 것으로 알려져 있다. 공기역학적 진동은 구조물의 강성이나 감쇠의 향상, 단면 형상의 연구 등에 의해 억제될 수 있으므로 본 연구에서는 ${\pi}$ 형단면을 가진 4경간 사장교에 대해 영각과 공기역학적 제진장치의 추가로 인한 단면의 변화에 따른 2차원 진동실험을 통하여 공기역학적 특성을 파악하도록 하였다. 등류와 난류에서의 실험결과 본 교량단면은 기본단면만으로도 내풍안정성을 충분히 갖추고 있기 때문에 페어링(Fairing) 및 베플(Baffle Plate) 등의 추가적인 공기역학적 제진장치가 필요하지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 이는 본 교량의 경우 주경간이 230m인 4경간으로 이루어져 있어 비슷한 단면을 가진 교량에 비하여 수직 및 비틀림 진동수가 크고 강성이 크기 때문에 설계풍속 내에서 공기역학적으로 안정한 것으로 보여진다.
맥류 기계화 적응재배 양식과 적응품종의 생태에 관한 연구
조재영,Jae-Young Cho 한국작물학회 1970 Korean journal of crop science Vol.- No.8
맥류의 기계화적응재배로서 드릴파와 점파를 품종과 비료수준을 달리하여 실행의 보통재배 및 광파재배와 비교시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 대맥의 최적품종은 안전 다수 조숙인 당여이고, Barsoy는 내동성이 약하였다. 2. 소맥의 최적품종은 영광으로서 안전 다수 대립이나 성숙이 늦다. 원광은 도복이 심하였다. 3. 배비는 보통비보다 다수이고 도복이 약간 조장된 이외에는 재배적위험성도 없었다. 4. 내동 내도복성품종을 취택하면 배비조건에서도 드릴파나 점파가 안전하다. 5. 보통재배에 대한 증수율은 대맥에서는 20cm간격의 드릴파 16%, 광파 13%, 20${\times}$12cm의 점파가 12%였고, 소맥에서는 광파 9%, 20 ${\times}$ 13 cm의 점파 8%, 20cm 간격의 드릴파 7%였다. 6. 이들의 증수원인으로서는 수수의 증대가 가장 뚜렷하다. 7. 파종량의 증대는 드릴파 증수의 주인으로 되지 않은 것 같다. 8. 점파나 드릴파는 성숙을 다소 조장하는 경향이 있다. 9. 점파재배는 파종작업중의 필연적인 답압에 의하여 소맥에서 발아를 조장하는 효과가 있었다. 10. 드릴파나 점파에서는 좀더 밀식함으로서 더욱 증수할 여지가 있을 것 같다. To research the seeding systems and the varieties adapted to mechanization in barley and wheat culture in Korea, the studies were carried out from October, 1969 to June, 1970 at Suwon. In these studies, six kinds of seeding systems of drilling and dibbling that seems to adapted to mechanization were tested as compared with the customary seeding system, furrowing moderately or widely, using three varieties of barley, Suwon #18, Barsoy and Buhufng, and three varieties of wheat, Wonkwang, Yucseung #3 and Yeungkwang, under the two fertilizer levels of standard and double. The summarize results gained were as follows; 1. Buhung seemed to be the most suitable variety in barley as it yielded the most and matured early and grew the safest. Barsoy suffered from winter injury. 2. Yeungkwang seemed to be the most suitable variety in wheat as it yielded the most and produced the largest grain ani grew the safest, however it matured late. Wonkwang suffered heavily from lodging injury. 3. More yield were produced and there were no increase of cultural dangers except lodging in double fertilizer level. 4. Seeding system of drilling and dibbling seems to be able to put in practice safely under the double fertilizer level when lodging resistant varieties are selected. 5. Rate of yields increase in comparison with the customary seeding system of moderate furrowing were 16 percent in drilling of 20 centimeter spacing, 13 percent in wide furrowing and 12 percent in dibbling of 20 ${\times}$ 12 centimeter spacing in barley and also 9 percent in wide furrowing, 8 percent in dibbling of 20 ${\times}$ 12 centimeter spacing and 7 percent in drilling of 20 centimeter spacing in wheat. 6. The most important cause of above yields increase seems to be the increase of spike number per unit area. 7. Yields increase by drilling as compared with furrowing was not caused by higher rate of seeding. 8. The plants matured a bit earlier by drilling and dibbling. 9. Better stands of seedling were fount in dibbling due to the promotion of germination by tramping. 10. An increase of yields will be expected by decreasing the spacing in drilling and dibbling.
F-59 Outcome of Regular Inhaled Treatment in GOLD A Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
조재영,( Chang-hoon Lee ),( Yong-il Hwang ),( Jin Hwa Lee ),( Tae-hyung Kim ),( Ji-hyun Lee ),( Yeon-mok Oh ),( Kwang Ha Yoo ),( Ki-suck Jung ),( Sang-do Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.124 No.0
Aims: The 2017 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Report recommends a bronchodilator for all group A patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, evidence in support of this recommendation is lacking. Methods: To determine whether regular inhaled treatment in 2017 GOLD group A patients with COPD improves their health outcomes including exacerbations and symptoms, we recruited patients from two Korean prospective cohorts. Eligible COPD patients had a modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score of less than 2, an St. George’s respiratory questionnaire for COPD (SGRQ-C) total score of less than 25, and had no more than one exacerbation and no hospitalizations during the previous year. Results: After propensity score matching, there were 107 patient pairs, with and without regular treatment. The incidence rates of exacerbations in those with and without regular treatment were not significantly different (incidence rate ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.68-2.25). Significant differences in favor of regular treatment were observed at 6 and 12 months for the SGRQ-C total scores (P = 0.031 and P = 0.025, respectively), and at 12 months for the mMRC score (P = 0.014). Regular bronchodilator monotherapy also resulted in significantly better scores on the SGRQ-C (P = 0.007) and mMRC (P = 0.004) compared with no regular treatment at 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Regular inhaled treatment in group A patients with COPD did not reduce the exacerbation rate, but did provide symptomatic benefit. Our findings support the 2017 GOLD.