Relation between Ki-67, ER, PR, Her2/neu, p21, EGFR, and TOP II-α Expression in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer Patients and Correlations with Prognosis

Yan, Jian,Liu, Xiao-Long,Han, Lu-Zhe,Xiao, Gang,Li, Ning-Lei,Deng, Yi-Nan,Yin, Liang-Chun,Ling, Li-Juan,Yu, Xiao-Yuan,Tan, Can-Liang,Huang, Xiao-Ping,Liu, Li-Xin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.2

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the transcription factor Ki-67, ER, PR, Her2/neu, p21, EGFR, and TOP II-${\alpha}$ in the tumor tissue of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC); in addition, we examined correlations between these markers. Two hundred and sixteen IDC patients, who were not previously been treated with chemo- or radiotherapy, were included in the study. All tumors were grade I-III. Expression of molecular markers was determined by immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Follow-up data were collected for 3 months to 10 years and analyzed for tumor recurrence, survival time, and prognostic risk factors. We determined Ki-67 expression correlates with the expression of ER, PR, HER-2, EGFR, and TOP-${\alpha}$, as well as lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, high tumor stage, and high TNM stage in IDC. Positive Ki-67 expression was a risk factor for rapid tumor recurrence and may help tumor progression, leading to poor prognosis in IDC. Ki-67 was directly correlated with EGFR, TOP II-${\alpha}$, lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, high tumor stage, and high TNM stage in the hormone receptor subtypes of breast cancer. In triple negative breast cancer, Ki-67 correlated with TOP II-${\alpha}$. Expression of Ki-67 correlated with that of ER, PR, HER-2, EGFR, TOP II-${\alpha}$, and p21. In addition, the biomarker Ki-67 has a role as a prognostic factor and indicates a poor prognosis in IDC.

Caffeine ameliorates allergic rhinitis in an ovalbumin-induced murine model

Yan Jing Fan,Eui Hyeog Han,Hyoung Tae Kim,Zhen Nan Yu,Thi Van Nguyen,Juan Jin,Ok Hee Chai,Changho Song 대한체질인류학회 2021 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.64 No.-

Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed pharmacologically active products worldwide. Caffeine exhibits various pharmacological activities in central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Additionally, caffeine exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-challenged rats. However, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of caffeine in allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been investigated yet. Therefore, we aimed to examine the anti-allergic effects of caffeine in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice in this study. Briefly, BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Caffeine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (Dex, 2.5 mg/kg) were treated by intranasal instillation of 20 µL/nasal cavity for 13 days. In this study, caffeine attenuated the nasal symptoms, including rubbing and sneezing. Caffeine ameliorated the inflammation in the lungs. In addition, caffeine reduced the thickness of the nasal mucosa, alleviated goblet cell hyperplasia and reduced mast cell recruitment in the nasal mucosa. Caffeine decreased OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 levels in the serum, whereas increased the level of OVA-specific IgG2a. Caffeine also reduced T helper (Th) 2 cytokines (interleukin(IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13) and Th17 family related factors (IL-17, IL-6, retinoic-related orphan receptor gamma, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3) levels and elevated Th1 cytokines (IL-12 and interferon gamma) levels in the nasal lavage fluid. However, the level of malondialdehyde was down-regulated, the levels of superoxide dismutase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 were up-regulated in the caffeine treatment. Collectively, we suggest that caffeine might have therapeutic effects on AR.

The Protective Role of TLR3 and TLR9 Ligands in Human Pharyngeal Epithelial Cells Infected with Influenza A Virus

Yan Han,Ming-yu Xu,Nan Sun,Dan-hong Liu,Zhi-jian Bo 대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.3

In this study we aim to extensively investigate the anti-influenza virus immune responses in humanpharyngeal epithelial cell line (Hep-2) and evaluate the protective role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)ligands in seasonal influenza A H1N1 (sH1N1) infections in vitro. We first investigated the expressionof the TLRs and cytokines genes in resting and sH1N1 infected Hep-2 cells. Clear expressions of TLR3,TLR9, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-β were detected inresting Hep-2 cells. After sH1N1 infection, a ten-fold of TLR3 and TLR9 were elicited. Concomitantwith the TLRs activation, transcriptional expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-β were significantlyinduced in sH1N1-infected cells. Pre-treatment of cells with poly I:C (an analog of viral double-strandedRNA) and CpG-ODN (a CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide) resulted in a strong reductionof viral and cytokines mRNA expression. The results presented indicated the innate immune responseactivation in Hep-2 cells and affirm the antiviral role of Poly I:C and CpG-ODN in the protectionagainst seasonal influenza A viruses.

The Protective Role of TLR3 and TLR9 Ligands in Human Pharyngeal Epithelial Cells Infected with Influenza A Virus

Han, Yan,Bo, Zhi-Jian,Xu, Ming-Yu,Sun, Nan,Liu, Dan-Hong The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.3

In this study we aim to extensively investigate the anti-influenza virus immune responses in human pharyngeal epithelial cell line (Hep-2) and evaluate the protective role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in seasonal influenza A H1N1 (sH1N1) infections in vitro. We first investigated the expression of the TLRs and cytokines genes in resting and sH1N1 infected Hep-2 cells. Clear expressions of TLR3, TLR9, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interferon (IFN)-${\beta}$ were detected in resting Hep-2 cells. After sH1N1 infection, a ten-fold of TLR3 and TLR9 were elicited. Concomitant with the TLRs activation, transcriptional expression of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\beta}$ were significantly induced in sH1N1-infected cells. Pre-treatment of cells with poly I:C (an analog of viral double-stranded RNA) and CpG-ODN (a CpG-motif containing oligodeoxydinucleotide) resulted in a strong reduction of viral and cytokines mRNA expression. The results presented indicated the innate immune response activation in Hep-2 cells and affirm the antiviral role of Poly I:C and CpG-ODN in the protection against seasonal influenza A viruses.

Postural Rehabilitation for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis during Growth

Hans-Rudolf Weiss,Marc Michael Moramarco,Maksym Borysov,Shu Yan Ng,Sang Gil Lee,Xiaofeng Nan,Kathryn Ann Moramarco 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.3

Long-term follow-up of untreated patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) indicates that, with the exception of some extremely severe cases, AIS does not have a significant impact on quality of life and does not result in dire consequences. In view of the relatively benign nature of AIS and the long-term complications of surgery, the indications for treatment should be reviewed. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that scoliosis-specific exercises focusing on postural rehabilitation can positively influence the spinal curvatures in growing adolescents. Experiential postural re-education is a conservative, non-invasive approach, and its role in the management of AIS warrants further study. This article reviews current evidence for the inclusion of various forms of postural reeducation in the management of AIS. Recent comprehensive reviews have been researched including a manual and PubMed search for evidence regarding the effectiveness of physical/postural re-education/physiotherapy programs in growing AIS patients. This search revealed that there were few studies on the application of postural re-education in the management of AIS. These studies revealed that postural re-education in the form of exercise rehabilitation programs may have a positive influence on scoliosis; however, the various programs were difficult to compare. More research is necessary. There is at present Level 1 evidence for the effectiveness of Schroth scoliosis exercises in the management of AIS. Whether this evidence can be extrapolated to include other forms of scoliosis- pattern-specific exercises requires further investigation. Because corrective postures theoretically reduce the asymmetric loading of the spinal deformities and reverse the vicious cycle of spinal curvature progression, their integration into AIS programs may be beneficial and should be further examined.

Undaria Pinnatifida Suppresses Nasal Inflammation via Inhibiting Eosinophil and Mast Cell Activation

Zhen Nan Yu,Chang Ho Song,Thi Van Nguyen,Juan Jin,Eui Hyeog Han,Yan Jing Fan,Hyoung Tae Kim,Ok Hee Chai 대한체질인류학회 2021 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.64 No.-

Undaria pinnatifida (U. pinnatifida), a brown alga commonly grown in the oceans of East Asia, has long been a part of human diet and medicine. Though U. pinnatifida has been reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-bacterial activities, its specific effect on allergic rhinitis (AR) disease has not been clarified. In this study, the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of U. pinnatifida extract (UPE) were investigated in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR. After UPE treatment, the nasal and lung allergy symptoms, nasal mucosal swelling, and goblet cell hyperplasia were obviously ameliorated. Oral UPE regulated the balance of T helper (Th) 1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells differentiation in AR mice in a dose-dependent manner. Accordingly, UPE attenuated the expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), Th17-related cytokine IL-17, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and up-regulated the secretion of Th1 and Treg cytokines including IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-10 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF). Also, UPE attenuated the migration of eosinophils to the nasal mucosa and NALF by inhibiting eotaxin, an eosinophil-specific chemoattractant, as well as suppressed Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a signaling pathway in eosinophils. The levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and IgG1 were decreased, and as a result, the allergic response was attenuated by UPE via inhibiting mast cells accumulation in nasal mucosa. These results suggested that UPE may have therapeutic potential for treating AR through modulating important immune cells in the immune system such as Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance, eosinophils and mast cells.

Effects of sintering temperature on pore characterization and strength of porous corundum-mullite ceramics

Wen Yan,Nan Li,Bingqiang Han 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.3

The effects of sintering temperature on the pore characteristics and strength of porous corundum-mullite ceramics made from Al(OH)3, kaolinite gangue and MgCO3 were investigated through an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury porosimetry measurement, etc. It was found that the sintering temperature strongly affects the formation of secondary mullite, and then changes the pore characteristics and strength. The formation of secondary mullite takes place extremely quickly at 1500 oC. The pore size distributions are bimodal in samples sintered at 1300 oC and 1400 oC,and mono-modal in samples sintered at 1500 oC and 1600 oC. The strength are the same and low when the sintering temperatures are 1300 oC and 1400 oC, and increase sharply when the sintering temperature is increased to 1500 oC. The most apposite mode is a sample sintered at 1500 oC which has a high mullite content (86.6 wt%), high apparent porosity (42%), high crushing strength (52 MPa) and a homogeneous pore size distribution.

Original Article: Biochemistry/Molecular Biology : Pharmacokinetic Study of Florfenicol in Healthy and Vibriosis-infected Pseudosciaena crocea after Oral Administration

( Li Wang ),( Yan Nan Han ),( Shan Jin ),( Yin Ma ),( Guo Liang Wang ),( Qing Song Zhao ),( Yin Er Chen ) 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.58 No.4

The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol were studied in healthy and vibriosis-infected large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) following administration of a single oral dose of 20 mg·kg(-1) at 25±2℃. After oral administration, florfenicol levels in tissues (liver, kidney, muscle, serum, and skin) were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. A two-compartment open model was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol following oral administration. Compared to the healthy group, the absorption rate of vibriosis-infected fish significantly decreased, peak-time (Tmax) delayed, maximum concentration (Cmax) declined, total body clearance decreased, the elimination half-life (T1/2β) was extended, and the area under the curve increased. These results indicate that a 20 mg·kg(-1) oral dose of florfenicol administered once daily continuously for 4 or 5 days can be used for the treatment of Vibrio alginolyticus infection in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea).

인지심리학 기반 포스터의 은유성 분석 연구 - 세계 자연보호기금(WWF) 동물보호 공익 광고를 중심으로 -

리얜화 ( Li Yan Hua ),쑨뤄슈 ( Sun Ruo Shu ),한문박 ( Han Wen Bo ),왕의난 ( Wang Yi Nan ) 한국상품문화디자인학회 2023 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.72 No.-

공익광고는 인간의 사회활동 중 가장 흔한 공익의 형태로, 시각적인 형식을 통해 올바른 가치관과 행위방식을 사회에 알리는 것으로, 인류가 지구 생태계를 파괴하는 것은 오늘날 인류가 직면해야 할 사회적 문제가 되고 있다. 본문은 세계자연보전기금(WWF)이 홍보하는 은유 공익포스터를 연구하여 공익포스터의 홍보효과에 대한 개선의견을 제시하는 동시에 향후 은유 공익포스터의 디자인 전략을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 인지심리학의 이론적 개념을 바탕으로 인지과정의 세 가지 인지요소 즉 주의, 기억, 인식을 도출하였다. 세 가지 인지 요소의 개념을 통해 세 가지 시각적 영향 요인, 즉 차별성, 유사성 및 의미 확장을 도출했다. 다음으로 포스터의 네 가지 디자인 요소(이미지, 컬러, 레이아웃, 타입)를 통해 포스터의 인지적 요소와 시각적 요소를 분석한다. 은유의 개념에 따라 포스터의 이미지를 본체와 유체로 나누고 최종적으로 포스터를 분석하기 위한 분석틀을 만든다. 결과로부터 은유 포스터는 식별하기 쉬운 효과가 필요하며 시청자는 포스터 이미지와 은유 이미지를 통해 연상할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 주의 효과가 있는 포스터는 기억하기 쉬운 효과가 없고 그 반대의 경우도 마찬가지다. 주의 효과는 기억 효과보다 포스터에서 더 일반적으로 사용된다. 시각인식에 영향을 미치는 요인 차원으로 분석해 보면 포스터와 함께 의미 확장되는 특징을 가지고 있기 때문에 시청자들은 포스터 이미지와 은유 이미지를 통해 두 이미지의 의미를 서로 확장시켜 궁극적으로 은유적인 효과를 만들어낸다. 셋째, 은유 포스터의 차별성과 의미 확장은 매우 중요하며 가장 은유적인 포스터를 형성하기 위한 필요한 조건이다. 마지막으로 위의 결론에 따라 은유 포스터의 디자인을 위한 디자인 전략과 제안을 제공한다. Public interest advertising is the most common form of public interest among human social activities, promoting the right values and manner of conduct to the society through visual forms. This study, based on the theoretical concept of cognitive psychology, derived the three cognitive elements of the cognitive process: attention, memory and cognition. Through the concept of three cognitive factors have derived three visual impact factors, namely differentiability, similarity and semantic extension. Next, through the four design elements of the poster, the cognitive elements and visual elements of the poster are analyzed. According to the concept of metaphor, divide the poster’s image into body and body fluid, and finally build an analysis frame to analyze the poster. It can be seen from the results that metaphor posters need an effect that is easy to identify and viewers can associate through poster images and metaphor images. Second, posters with attention effect have no catchy effect and vice versa. The attention effect is more commonly used in posters than the memory effect. Analyzed from the dimension of factors that affect visual perception, it is found that they have the feature of meaning expansion with posters. Therefore, viewers extend the meaning of the two images to each other through poster images and metaphor images, ultimately producing a metaphorical effect. Third, the differentiation and meaning extension of metaphor posters are very important, and are necessary and sufficient conditions to form the most metaphorical posters. Finally it provides design strategies and suggestions for the design of metaphor posters according to the above conclusions.

Patterns of Failure and Survival Trends in 3,808 Patients with Stage II Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosed from 1990 to 2012: A Large-Scale Retrospective Cohort Study

Xue-Song Sun,Di-Han Liu,Sai-Lan Liu,Qiu-Yan Chen,Shan-Shan Guo,Yue-Feng Wen,Li-Ting Liu,Hao-Jun Xie,Qing-Nan Tang,Yu-Jing Liang,Xiao-Yun Li,Jin-Jie Yan,Ming-Huang Hong,Jun Ma,Lin-Quan Tang,Hai-Qiang M 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.4

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival trends and patterns of failure in patients with stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy over the last 20 years. Materials and Methods Thirty-eight hundred and eight patients diagnosed with stage II NPC between January 1990 and December 2012 were involved in this retrospective cohort study. All patients were treated with RT. According to the main imaging techniques and RT technology, we categorized these patients into four calendar periods: 1990-1996, 1997-2002, 2003-2007, and 2008-2012. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) were served as the clinical outcome. Results After a median follow-up period of 84.7 months, we observed increasing trends in survival and disease control. The 3- and 5-year OS rates increased from 87.1% and 78.7% in the first calendar period to 97.4% and 94.5% in the last calendar period, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant increasing trends could be seen in the PFS and LRFS during the four calendar periods. In the subgroup analysis, the LRFS in patients older than 50 years at diagnosis showed greater improvement than younger patients. However, the rate of distant metastasis was stable and relatively low, as the 5-year DMFS ranged from 90.5% to 94.7% among the four calendar periods. Conclusion The survival rates in patients with stage II NPC showed increasing trends from 1990 to 2012. The advance of RT provided excellent locoregional control and enhanced OS.