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서원 유학전파와 명청시기 남서지방 정체성 의식의 흥기(興起) - 문옹, 윤진 등 인물기호를 중심으로 한 토론 -
( Taehwa Hong ) 한국서원학회 2017 한국서원학보 Vol.5 No.-
書院儒學傳播的重要作用之一, 表現爲對地方文化認同意識的推動。就川、?、?、黔構成的明淸西南中國來看, 符號化的歷史人物是當時書院儒學傳播的重要介質, 在數百年中不斷變遷, 展示幷塑造着西南士人的文化心理和精神世界。文翁、尹珍在諸歷史人物符號中逐漸取得優勢, 頻繁出現于與書院相關的歷史敍事中, 幷進入書院的祭祀之所、參與其具體的文化傳播, 這旣是對明淸西南地方認同意識興起的深刻說明, 又在其中發揮了重要作用。漢學在西南書院的興起、傳播是其主要動力之一。由之形成的西南地方認同意識超越于具體書院之外, 在思想文化界中從明中葉一直持續到民國之初, 有力參與了近代中國完成其大一統觀念和實踐的歷史進程。
Han, Dongyeob,Hong, Taehwa,Lee, Yonghan,Kim, Dong-Hyun Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2021 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.25 No.3
Purpose: To develop a 3D magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method for application in high resolution knee cartilage PD, T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> mapping. Materials and Methods: A novel 3D acquisition trajectory with golden-angle rotating radial in k<sub>xy</sub> direction and interleaved echo planar imaging (EPI) acquisition in the k<sub>z</sub> direction was implemented in the MRF framework. A centric order was applied to the interleaved EPI acquisition to reduce Nyquist ghosting artifact due to field inhomogeneity. For the reconstruction, singular value decomposition (SVD) compression method was used to accelerate reconstruction time and conjugate gradient sensitivity-encoding (CG-SENSE) was performed to overcome low SNR of the high resolution data. Phantom experiments were performed to verify the proposed method. In vivo experiments were performed on 6 healthy volunteers and 2 early osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Results: In the phantom experiments, the T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> values of the proposed method were in good agreement with the spin-echo references. The results from the in vivo scans showed high quality proton density (PD), T<sub>1</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> map with EPI echo train length (N<sub>ETL</sub> = 4), acceleration factor in through plane (R<sub>z</sub> = 5), and number of radial spokes (N<sub>spk</sub> = 4). In patients, high T<sub>2</sub> values (50-60 ms) were seen in all transverse, sagittal, and coronal views and the damaged cartilage regions were in agreement with the hyper-intensity regions shown on conventional turbo spin-echo (TSE) images. Conclusion: The proposed 3D MRF method can acquire high resolution (0.5 mm<sup>3</sup>) quantitative maps in practical scan time (~ 7 min and 10 sec) with full coverage of the knee (FOV: 160 × 160 × 120 mm<sup>3</sup>).
Kim, Min-Oh,Hong, Taehwa,Kim, Dong-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Magnetic resonance imaging Vol.46 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To develop a B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> mapping during the transient phase of balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) imaging which can be used for subsequent B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> inhomogeneity compensation.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Two images with different flip angles (FA) are acquired using single-shot spiral technique during the transient phase of bSSFP with three consecutive RF pulses and balanced gradients. Under the assumptions that the transmit (B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>) field varies slowly in spatial domain and T<SUB>1</SUB> and T<SUB>2</SUB> relaxation effects are negligible during 2·TR, B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> was estimated using the two magnitude images and bSSFP data was sequentially acquired. B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> estimation error due to the assumptions and other factors such as FA and off-resonance were assessed using Bloch simulation. Phantom and in vivo experiments were performed with α-2α-3α scheme.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The simulation results indicated that the proposed method was less sensitive to T<SUB>1</SUB> relaxation and B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> mapping FA (α) of approximately 60° produced minimum estimation error. The B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>-induced intensity variation was reduced with the proposed method in the phantom experiment. For both the phantom and in vivo experiments, the estimated B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> map showed comparable to the conventional B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> map using spin-echo DAM.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> map was estimated during the transient phase of bSSFP and subsequently compensated bSSFP images. There was no scan time increment and hence the technique can be used in a prescan manner for B<SUB>1</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> mapping or shimming.</P>