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Formation and Evaluation of the Coalition Government in Korea
Lee, Haeng-Jun,Jo, Sung-Ho 대한지방자치학회 2021 한국지방자치연구 Vol.23 No.1
경기도의 연합정치 성과에 대한 분석을 실시함에 있어 정책연합, 정부연합이라는 두 가 지 분류기준을 주요변수로 규정하였다. 아울러, 경기도 연합정치를 평가함에 있어 한국과 같은 지방자치단체의 독임제 기관구성 하에 연합정치의 성과를 분석하여 연합정치의 활성 화를 위한 방안으로서 지방자치제도 개선방안을 제시하였다. 경기도 연합정치의 한계로 행정업무 지연의 문제 등 연합정치로 인한 다양한 사업으로 인해 많은 예산이 반영되고 해당 부서의 중요사업에 대한 검토를 신속하게 이루어져야 함 에도 불구하고, 보고 및 결제단계 증가로 시간소요 또한 증가하는 등의 문제점이 나타났다. 향후 경기도 연합정치를 활성화시키고 나아가 이를 실천하기 위한 지방자치제도의 개선 방안으로 첫째, 기관구성의 다양화이다. 둘째, 지방장관제 도입이다. 셋째, 광역시도 의회의 역량을 강화하는 것이다. 넷째, 지방선거제도의 개편이다. On the other hand, comparing the first and second periods in terms of the governmental coalition, the allocation of power and the improvement of the coalition process can be mentioned. First, from the aspect of power allocation, the first stage handed over to the opposition party the vice governor of social integration, which is responsible for the three countries of health, welfare, environment, and women's family. In the second stage(Cho Sung-Ho et al., 2017), In this way, the opposition party is able to share power with the opposition party. At the same time, it introduced the coalition chairperson system, which further strengthened the power of political parties participating in the coalition. In addition, by establishing a unified political arbitration committee to facilitate the conflict situation that occurred under the coalition government, the coalition government made soft landing. In the future, we will suggest ways to improve the local autonomy system to revitalize the Gyeonggido coalition politics and to practice it. First, diversification of organization. Second, the introduction of local ministers. Third, the metropolitan city should strengthen its capacity. Fourth, it is a reorganization of local electoral system.
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Effect of Novel Quick Freezing Techniques Combined with Different Thawing Processes on Beef Quality
Jo, Yeon-Ji,Jang, Min-Young,Jung, You-Kyoung,Kim, Jae-Hyeong,Sim, Jun-Bo,Chun, Ji-Yeon,Yoo, Seon-Mi,Han, Gui-Jung,Min, Sang-Gi Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.6
This study investigated the effect of various freezing and thawing techniques on the quality of beef. Meat samples were frozen using natural convection freezing (NF), individual quick freezing (IQF), or cryogenic freezing (CF) techniques, followed by natural convection thawing (NCT) or running water thawing (RT). The meat was frozen until the core temperature reached $-12^{\circ}C$ and then stored at $-24^{\circ}C$, followed by thawing until the temperature reached $5^{\circ}C$. Quality parameters, such as the pH, water binding properties, CIE color, shear force, and microstructure of the beef were elucidated. Although the freezing and thawing combinations did not cause remarkable changes in the quality parameters, rapid freezing, in the order of CF, IQF, and NF, was found to minimize the quality deterioration. In the case of thawing methods, NCT was better than RT and the meat quality was influence on the thawing temperature rather than the thawing rate. Although the microstructure of the frozen beef exhibited an excessive loss of integrity after the freezing and thawing, it did not cause any remarkable change in the beef quality. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CF and NCT form the best combination for beef processing; however, IQF and NCT may have practical applications in the frozen food industry.
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Recycling and LFA‐1‐dependent trafficking of ICAM‐1 to the immunological synapse
Jo, Jae‐,Hyeok,Kwon, Min‐,Sung,Choi, Hyang‐,Ok,Oh, Hyun‐,Mee,Kim, Hyang‐,Jin,Jun, Chang‐,Duk Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of cellular biochemistry Vol.111 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Little is known about how adhesion molecules on APCs accumulate at immunological synapses. We show here that ICAM‐1 on APCs is continuously internalized and rapidly recycled back to the interface after antigen‐priming T‐cell contact. The internalization rate is high in APCs, including Raji B cells and dendritic cells, but low in endothelial cells. Internalization is significantly reduced by inhibitors of Na<SUP>+</SUP>/H<SUP>+</SUP> exchangers (NHEs), suggesting that members of the NHE‐family regulate this process. Once internalized, ICAM‐1 is co‐localized with MHC class II in the polarized recycling compartment. Surprisingly, not only ICAM‐1, but also MHC class II, is targeted to the immunological synapse through LFA‐1‐dependent adhesion. Cytosolic ICAM‐1 is highly mobile and forms a tubular structure. Inhibitors of microtubule or actin polymerization can reduce ICAM‐1 mobility, and thereby block accumulation at immunological synapses. Membrane ICAM‐1 also moves to the T‐cell contact zone, presumably through an active, cytoskeleton‐dependent mechanism. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ICAM‐1 can be transported to the immunological synapse through the recycling compartment. Furthermore, the high‐affinity state of LFA‐1 on T cells is critical to induce targeted movements of both ICAM‐1 and MHC class II to the immunological synapse on APCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1125–1137, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>
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Sang-Jo Park,Jun-Hong Park,Chan-Yong Kim,Young-Jin Seo,Oh-Heun Kwon,Jong-Gun Won,Suk-Hee Lee 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the soil fertility about plastic film house, upland, and orchard in Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The surface chemical properties of soil samples were investigated every 4 year from 2000 year at upland, 2001 year at orchard, and 2002 year at plastic film house. During 12 year’s monitoring, mean soil pH was increased by 0.7 and 0.8 pH unit from pH 5.7 in upland and orchard, respectively, 0.5 pH unit from pH 6.5 in plastic film house. About 50% of all the field samples occupied within the recommended pH range (pH 6-7). Although soil organic matter (SOM) was gradually increased by about 10 g ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> for 12 years, 40% of orchard, 49% of plastic film house, and 77% of upland soil samples were still below the 3% SOM. The mean concentration of available phosphate for 12 years in upland, orchard, and plastic film house were 530, 600, and 760 mg ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The relative frequencies exceeding the recommended available phosphate range (300-550 ㎎ ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>) were 43%, 53%, and 66% at upland, orchard, and plastic film house soils, respectively. NH₄OAc exchangeable K⁺ of upland, orchard, and plastic film house in the last soil test were 0.8, 0.9, and 1.6 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The relative frequencies above the recommended K level were 56% and 70% of orchard and plastic film house soil samples, respectively. The levels of crop nutrients except exchangeable Ca and Mg in upland soil were tended to increase gradually in the three fields. Exchangeable Mg, EC, available phosphate, organic matter and soil pH could be used as principle components to differentiate the chemical properties of three land fields. This analysis revealed that the soil fertility was affected by cropping method and field management, although additional research is needed to assess the importance of management on soil chemical properties and many fields indicate an opportunity for improvement in fertilizer management.
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Investigation of the groundwater contamination around Landfill where slaughtered animals were buried
( Jun Jo Bark ),( Hae Sun Jung ),( Jong Tae Woo ),( Sung Sik Lee ) 한국가축위생학회 2006 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.29 No.4
This study was designed to investigate if there were groundwater contamination in 17 landfill where slaughtered animals were buried during the crisis of 2002 foot-and-mouth-disease(FMD) outbreaks in Gyeonggi province. From March to August 2005 groundwater was collected once a month from 17 sites, and examined with potential for hydrogen(pH), colour, turbidity, lead(Pb), arsenic(As), mercury(Hg), cadmium(Cd), copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), aluminium(Al), nitrate-nitrogen(NO3-N), ammonia-nitrogen(NH3-N), microbial pathogen and Escherichia spp. In the examination of NH3-N which of the mean concentration was from not-detected(ND) to 0.05mg/l. The range of NO3-N level was 0.3-24.1㎎/ℓ. However, groundwater from four sites was to go beyond the drinking water quality standard (DWQS), i.e., the mean concentration of those were 15.5㎎/ℓ(site 1), 20.7㎎/ℓ(site 9), 24.1㎎/ℓ(site 13) and 10.6㎎/ℓ(site 17). In the investigation of pH, colour and turbidity, all of the pH were below of DWQS (pH 5.8-6.6), but one site in color test and four sites in turbidity test were over the standard level. Among 9 metal ions examined, Mn was in excess of DWQS, and its concentration was 2.4㎎/ℓ. Pb, Cd, Hg and As were not traced. The contents of Cu, Zn, Fe and Al were ND-0.22㎎/ℓ, 0.01-0.05㎎/ℓ, ND-0.05㎎/ℓ and 0.03-0.16㎎/ℓ, respectively. Escherichiae spp were not identified, but bacterial colonies were detected at 3 groundwater including 2 sites over the DWQS at the level of 491 CFU/㎖ (site 4) and 217 CFU/㎖ (site 15).
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The Recognition of KOREANS in Air Terrorism and CRIME Outbreaks in NORTHEAST ASIA
Jo Sung-gu,Choi Bong-jun J-INSTITUTE 2016 Public Value Vol.1 No.1
After the 9/11 terror attack in America in 2001, the world is modifying laws related to aviation safety for measures of air terrorism and crime prevention, and is reinforcing professionals. However, Korea, the key point of the aviation distribution in Northeast Asia, air terrorism began mainly through the isolation of North Korea and conflict in the international society and these cases are : the kidnap-ping of Chang-rang aircraft of Korean National Airlines (1958), the kidnapping of YS-11 of KAL (1969), kidnap-ping of F-27 of KAL (1971), emergency landing of B747 of KAL of Murmansk attack (1978), attack of MIG-23 on KAL007 (1983), attempted case of the kidnapping of B727 of KAL (1985), destruction of KE858 of KAL (1987), attempted case of the kidnapping of B747 (1988), attempted case of the kidnapping of KAL388 (1993), and the current isolation of North Korea is threatening Northeast Asia and is intensifying tension. Furthermore, overseas tourists are rapidly increasing in Northeast Asia including Korea and the use of air-craft is expanding, so the safety of Northeast Asia is severely threatened through terror and crimes in the air-planes and airports. Therefore, this study randomly selected Korean tourists who used airports and planes and investigated recognition in air terrorism outbreaks, and first, as the place of the occurrence of air terrorism and crime, 75.1% said airports and 24.9% said on board. Many of these thought air terrorism and crime could occur easily before boarding as it is freer and there is a big floating population so it is easier to hide bombs in baggage. Second, the tourists thought the cause of air terrorism and crime outbreaks was because of the insecurity of the North Korean government with 86.9%, and 13.1% in the conflict of international society. Recently, because North Korea is suffering from the 3 generation leadership, nuclear development, lack of food, and the re-striction and isolation of the international society, the tourists thought the internal conflicts that rise can lead to terror in South Korea. With the discussion point of this study, Korean tourists thought the cause of air terrorism and crime out-breaks in Northeast Asia was North Korea. However, these kinds of air terrorisms and crime can kill many lives at once and while these outbreaks can lead Northeast Asia into war, North Korea has committed many air terrorisms and crimes in the past. Therefore, the isolation of the international society which began from the nuclear development of North Korea, must make an effort not to threaten Northeast Asia into air terrorisms and crimes but for the peace of Northeast Asia.
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