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박상호(Sangho Park),안우현(Woo Hyun Ahn),박대연(Daeyeon Park),김정기(Jeong-Ki Kim),박승민(Sung-Min Park) 한국정보과학회 2001 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.7 No.5
플래시 메모리는 기존의 회전식 자기 매체에 비해서 속도가 빠르고, 충격에 강한 장점이 있다. 이런 특성으로 인해 기존의 가전, 통신 기기, 휴대 기기에서 저장매체로써 플래시 메모리의 사용이 증대하고 있고, 더불어 저장 매체로 플래시 메모리를 사용한 파일 시스템의 필요성도 증가하고 있다. 저장 매체로써 플래시 메모리는 위와 같은 장점 외에 두 가지 문제점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 데이타를 덧쓸 수가 없다는 점이다. 데이타를 덧쓰기 위해서는 데이타를 저장하기 전에 플래시 메모리를 지워야 하는데, 지우는 작업은 1초 정도의 시간이 소요된다. 따라서, 플래시 메모리에 저장된 데이타를 수정할 때, 시간이 오래 걸리게 되는데, 본 논문에서는 기존의 LFS(Log-structured File System) 방식으로 데이타를 저장하여 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하였다. 플래시 메모리의 두 번째 문제점은 수명이 제한되어 있다는 점이다. 본 논문에서는 cleaning policy 를 통하여 수명을 최대한 연장시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 본 논문에서 구현한 플래시 파일 시스템은 소용량 저장매체에 적합한 FAT를 사용하여 성능을 향상시켰고, FAT를 구현할 때 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 해결하였다. 또한, 차례 쓰기, 무작위 쓰기의 실험을 통해서 성능을 분석하였다. Advantages of flash memories are their shock resistance and fast read speed, which is much faster than that of a HDD. Because of these characteristics, they are increasingly used in the traditional household electric appliance and portable handset and ,therefore, development of file systems which use them as storage medium is increasingly needed. But they have two problems as storage medium. First, data stored in them cannot be overwritten: it must be erased before new data can be stored. Unfortunately, this erase operation usually takes about one second. Consequently, updating data in flash memories takes long time. In this paper, their problem is solved by using a data update mechanism like LFS(Log-structured File System). Second, their erase operations are restricted. We propose novel cleaning policy in order to increase the life cycle. We implemented FAT file system, which is suitable to small storage medium and solved problems, which usually happen in implementing FAT. We evaluated the performance of sequential writes and random writes on our implemented flash file system.
Roles of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensates in Respiratory Clinical Fields
Hye Jung Park, M.D., Ph.D.,Yong Jun Choi, M.D.,Min Jae Lee, M.D.,Min Kwang Byun, M.D., Ph.D.,Sangho Park, B.S.,Jimyung Park, M.D., Ph.D.,Dongil Park, M.D., Ph.D.,Sang-Hoon Kim, M.D., Ph.D.,Young Sam K 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2024 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.87 No.1
Background: Exhaled condensates contain inflammatory biomarkers; however, theirroles in the clinical field have been under-investigated. Methods: We prospectively enrolled subjects admitted to pulmonology clinics. Wecollected exhaled breath condensates (EBC) and analysed the levels of six and 12biomarkers using conventional and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results: Among the 123 subjects, healthy controls constituted the largest group (81participants; 65.9%), followed by the preserved ratio impaired spirometry group (21patients; 17.1%) and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) group (21patients; 17.1%). In COPD patients, platelet derived growth factor-AA exhibited strongpositive correlations with COPD assessment test (ρ=0.5926, p=0.0423) and COPD-specificversion of St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) score (total, ρ=0.6725,p=0.0166; activity, ρ=0.7176, p=0.0086; and impacts, ρ=0.6151, p=0.0333). GranzymeB showed strong positive correlations with SGRQ-C score (symptoms, ρ=0.6078,p=0.0360; and impacts, ρ=0.6007, p=0.0389). Interleukin 6 exhibited a strong positivecorrelation with SGRQ-C score (activity, ρ=0.4671, p=0.0378). The absolute serum eosinophiland basophil counts showed positive correlations with pro-collagen I alpha 1(ρ=0.6735, p=0.0164 and ρ=0.6295, p=0.0283, respectively). In healthy subjects, forcedexpiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity demonstrated significantcorrelation with CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3)/macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (ρ=0.3897 and p=0.0068). FEV1 exhibited significant correlation with CCL11/eotaxin(ρ=0.4445 and p=0.0017). Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers in EBC might be useful to predict quality of lifeconcerning respiratory symptoms and serologic markers. Further studies are needed.
Enhancing TCP Performance over Wireless Network with Variable Segment Size
Park, Keuntae,Park, Sangho,Park, Daeyeon The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2002 Journal of communications and networks Vol.4 No.2
TCP, which was developed on the basis of wired links, supposes that packet losses are caused by network congestion. In a wireless network, however, packet losses due to data corruption occur frequently. Since TCP does not distinguish loss types, it applies its congestion control mechanism to non-congestion losses as well as congestion losses. As a result, the throughput of TCP is degraded. To solve this problem of TCP over wireless links, previous researches, such as split-connection and end-to-end schemes, tried to distinguish the loss types and applied the congestion control to only congestion losses; yet they do nothing for non-congestion losses. We propose a novel transport protocol for wireless networks. The protocol called VS-TCP (Variable Segment size Transmission Control Protocol) has a reaction mechanism for a non-congestion loss. VS-TCP varies a segment size according to a non-congestion loss rate, and therefore enhances the performance. If packet losses due to data corruption occur frequently, VS-TCP decreases a segment size in order to reduce both the retransmission overhead and packet corruption probability. If packets are rarely lost, it increases the size so as to lower the header overhead. Via simulations, we compared VS-TCP and other schemes. Our results show that the segment-size variation mechanism of VS-TCP achieves a substantial performance enhancement.
Park, Jaehyun,Jeon, Byongtae,Kang, Sungki,Oh, Mirae,Kim, Myonghwa,Jang, Seyoung,Park, Pyojam,Kim, Sangwoo,Moon, Sangho Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9
This study was conducted to investigate changes in blood enzyme parameters and to evaluate the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), antler growth and body weight during the antler growth of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Serum enzyme activity and IGF-1 concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from the jugular and femoral veins at regular intervals during the antler growth period. Blood samples were taken in the morning from fasted stags (n = 12) which were healthy and showed no clinical signs of disease. Alfalfa was available ad libitum and concentrates were given at 1% of body weight to all stags. The experimental diet was provided at 9 am with water available at all times. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during antler growth, but alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased with antler growth progression, and the highest alkaline phosphatase concentration was obtained 55 days after antler casting. Serum IGF-1 concentrations measured from blood samples taken from the jugular vein during antler growth, determined that levels of IGF-1 was associated with body weight and antler growth patterns. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were higher at the antler cutting date than other sampling dates. Antler length increased significantly during antler growth (p<0.001), and there was a similar trend to between right and left beams. Body weight increased with antler growth but was not significant. Consequently it appeared that serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was related to antler growth and both antler growth and body weight were associated positively with IGF-1 concentrations during antler growth.
Park, Hyun Ah,Kwon, Ok-Kyoung,Ryu, Hyung Won,Min, Jae-Hong,Park, Min-Woo,Park, Mi-Hyeong,Paik, Jin-Hyub,Choi, Sangho,Paryanto, Imam,Yuniato, Prasetyawan,Oh, Sei-Ryang,Ahn, Kyung-Seop,Lee, Jae-Won D.A. Spandidos 2019 International journal of molecular medicine Vol.43 No.4
<P><I>Physalis peruviana</I> L. (PP) is well known for its various properties, including its antioxidant property. In our previous study, the protective effects of PP against cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation were confirmed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PP against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation. Treatment with PP inhibited the numbers of eosinophils and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of animal models with OVA-induced allergic asthma. PP also significantly decreased the production of total immunoglobulin E in the serum. Lung sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin revealed that the influx of inflammatory cells was decreased in the lungs of mice treated with PP compared with cells in the OVA group. The increased expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and T cell marker KEN-5 were also reduced following PP treatment in the lung tissues compared with those in the OVA group. The PAS staining results showed that PP attenuated the overproduction of mucus in the lung. Additionally, western blot analysis revealed that PP significantly downregulated the activation of nuclear factor-κB/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and upregulated the expression of heme oxgenase-1 in the lungs. In an <I>in vitro</I> experiment, PP effectively reduced the levels of LPS-stimulated MCP-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that PP has considerable potential in the treatment of allergic asthma.</P>
Ficus vasculosa Wall. ex Miq. Inhibits the LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Park JI-Won,Park Jin-Mi,Eum Sangmi,Kim Jung Hee,Oh Jae Hoon,Choi Jinseon,Bach Tran The,Sinh Nguyen Van,Choi Sangho,Ahn Kyung-Seop,Lee Jae-Won 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.50 No.4
Ficus vasculosa Wall. ex Miq. (FV) has been used as a herbal medicine in Southeast Asia and its antioxidant activity has been shown in previous studies. However, it has not yet been elucidated whether FV exerts anti-inflammatory effects on activated-macrophages. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the ameliorative property of FV methanol extract (FM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 macrophages. The experimental results indicated that FM decreased the production of inflammatory mediators (NO/PGE2) and the mRNA/protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. FM also reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results also demonstrated that FM improved inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated A549 airway epithelial cells by inhibiting the production of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, FM suppressed MAPK activation and NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by LPS. FM also upregulated the mRNA/protein expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in RAW264.7 cells. In an experimental animal model of LPSinduced acute lung injury, the increased levels of molecules in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were suppressed by FM administration. Collectively, it was founded that FM has anti-inflammatory properties on activated-macrophages by suppressing inflammatory molecules and regulating the activation of MAPK/ NF-κB signaling.