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주정폐수의 혐기성 소화처리시와 포기처리시 처리특성에 관한 연구
金煥起,李城白,黃譚勇 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1
The wastewater of alcohol manufactory plant has very high suspended soild and BOD concentration, acidity, and high temperture. Thus most of the plants drive on anaerobic digestion method of biological treatment because of using a lot of generated methane gas and possible to disinfect pathogenic bacteria in sluge and wastewater. But because of the problem in the concentration of anaerobic treatment water, second treatment is necessary 2-step activated treatment for increasing treatment efficiency. The purpose of this study was performed to know a difference between last 1-step digestion 1-step aeration treatment and 2-step digestion 2-step aeration treatment with retention time in digestion and aerator. The obtained results can be summarized as follows; 1. The concentration characteristic of alchohol production wastewater was analyzed COD 50,000∼80,000㎎/ℓ, BOD 22,000∼41,000㎎/ℓ, SS 20,000∼45,000㎎/ℓ, pH 4.1∼4.2, and 75∼80℃ according to the raw material of alchohol. 2. In case of the anaerobic digestion method of rice-barley wastewater, average COD removal rate of 2-step digestion appeared to 91.9% compared to average COD removal rate 59.3% on 1-step digestion. It is necessary to drive above 20 day of retention time in metane degestor because of increasing organic load causing the decrease of pH and the increase of VFA/COD within aerator. 3. Alcohol wastewater of tapioka is generally much treatment efficiency of 2-step digestion than that of 1-step digestion, but below 2.7㎏-COD/㎥·d of COD bulk load showed the possibility of treatment at 1-step and 2-step digestion method. 4. Amount of gas generation in anaerobic digestion was almost similar at 1-step and 2-step digestion. 5. In the result of aerobic treatment, treatment efficiency of 2-step consecutive aeration was highly about 3% compared to 1-step combined aeration and in the condition of COD 4,000㎎/ℓ, COD load 800㎏ -COD/d, COD volume-load 0.8㎏-COD/㎥·d were difficult two treatment methods both. 6. pH and VFA concentrations are considered as important factors to determine VFA restriction and the harmfulness of fatty acid was seemed to be related to pH. VFA in 1-step digestion appeared strong change with the increase of input wastewater quantity, but 2-step digestion was treated to stable change in output COD 1,230∼2,246㎎/ℓ.
Prevalence and Associated Factors for Non-adherence in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
( Dam Kim ),( Ji-young Choi ),( Soo-Kyung Cho ),( Chan-Bum Choi ),( So-Young Bang ),( Hoon-Suk Cha ),( Jung-Yoon Choe ),( Won Tae Chung ),( Seung-Jae Hong ),( Tae-Hwan Kim ),( Tae-Jong Kim ),( Eunmi K 대한류마티스학회 2018 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Objective. To estimate the prevalence of non-adherence to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) medication and identify the associated factors for non-adherence in RA patients. Methods. Among the KORean Observational study Network for Arthritis 3,523 patients who completed a questionnaire about the adherence to RA medication were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: 1) adherent group, patients who skipped medication ≤5 days within the past 2 months; and 2) non-adherent group, patients who skipped ≥6 days of medication. The baseline characteristics were compared, and multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the associated factors for non-adherence. Results. The non-adherent group had 339 patients (9.6%). The common causes of non-adherence were forgetfulness (45.8%), absence of RA symptoms (24.7%), and discomfort with RA medication (13.1%). Younger age (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, p<0.01) and higher income (OR 1.70, p<0.01) were associated with an increased risk of non-adherence. Whereas higher functional disability (OR 0.68, p<0.01) and oral corticosteroid use (OR 0.73, p=0.02) were associated with a decreased risk of non-adherence. The associated factors differed according to cause of non-adherence. Having adverse events (OR 2.65, p=0.02) was associated with the risk of non-adherence due to discomfort with RA medication while a higher level of education (OR 2.37, p=0.03) was associated with the risk of non-adherence due to an absence of RA symptoms. Conclusion. The 9.6% of Korean RA patients were non-adherent to RA medication. The associated factors differed according to the cause of non-adherence. Therefore, an individualized approach will be needed to improve the adherence to RA medication. (J Rheum Dis 2018;25:47-57)
Kim, Soojin,Jeong, Jaewon,Jung, Hye-Seon,Kim, Bokyung,Kim, Ye-Eun,Lim, Da-Sol,Kim, So-Dam,Song, Yun Seon The Korean Society for Brain and Neural Science 2017 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.26 No.4
<P>Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which block inactivation of GLP-1, are currently in clinical use for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, GLP-1 has also been reported to have neuroprotective effects in cases of cerebral ischemia. We therefore investigated the neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, exendin-4 (ex-4), after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was induced in rats by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of ex-4 or ex9-39. Oxygen-glucose deprivation was also induced in primary neurons, bEnd.3 cells, and BV-2. Ischemia-reperfusion injury reduced expression of GLP-1R. Additionally, higher oxidative stress in SOD2 KO mice decreased expression of GLP-1R. Downregulation of GLP-1R by ischemic injury was 70% restored by GLP-1R agonist, ex-4, which resulted in significant reduction of infarct volume. Levels of intracellular cyclic AMP, a second messenger of GLP-1R, were also increased by 2.7-fold as a result of high GLP-1R expression. Moreover, our results showed that ex-4 attenuated pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> after MCAO. C-Jun NH<SUB>2</SUB> terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, which stimulates activation of COX-2, was 36% inhibited by i.c.v. injection of ex-4 at 24 h. Islet-brain 1 (IB1), a scaffold regulator of JNK, was 1.7-fold increased by ex-4. GLP-1R activation by ex-4 resulted in reduction of COX-2 through increasing IB1 expression, resulting in anti-inflammatory neuroprotection during stroke. Our study suggests that the anti-inflammatory action of GLP-1 could be used as a new strategy for the treatment of neuroinflammation after stroke accompanied by hyperglycemia.</P>
증례 : 류마티스 ; Infliximab으로 치료한 건선 관절염 환자의 지염 1예
김담 ( Dam Kim ),손일웅 ( Il Woong Sohn ),김진주 ( Jin Ju Kim ),최윤영 ( Yun Young Choi ),정경희 ( Kyong Hee Jung ),김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),성윤경 ( Yoon Kyoung Sung ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.80 No.2S
저자들은 건선 관절염으로 NSAIDs를 사용하던 환자에서 양측 엄지손가락의 지간 관절 및 말단과 양측 발의 지간 관절을 대칭적으로 침범한 건선 관절염에 의한 지염을 관찰하였고, infliximab을 투여하여 치료한 예를 경험하여 이런 예가 국내에서 보고가 없었으므로 이를 보고한다. 또한 본 환자에서는 단순 방사선 사진에서의 변화가 뚜렷하지 않아 bone scan 중 blood pool image로의 추적관찰이 유용했다. Dactylitis is a hallmark feature of psoriatic arthritis. It is usually managed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral corticosteroids. Some cases have been treated successfully with intravenous corticosteroids or some disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Recently, inflximab has been reported as an effective treatment for dactylitis that is resistant to conventional treatment. This report describes a 37-year-old man with psoriatic arthritis who had multiple dactylitis on both thumbs and great toes. He was resistant to conventional treatment but was effectively treated with infliximab. This report highlights the effectiveness of infliximab for dactylitis, and the usefulness of blood pool imaging from bone scans as a method for determining treatment response. (Korean J Med 2011;80:S310-S313)
기후변화협약에 대응하는 건물에너지 정책에 관한 의식조사 연구
김혜진(Kim, Hye-Jin),탁지연(Tak, Ji-Yeon),이민정(Lee, Min-Jeong),이하연(Lee, Ha-Yeon),김소담(Kim, So-Dam),최주혜(Choi, Ju-Hye),김나임(Kim, Na-Im),김은서(Kim, Eun-Seo),김병선(Kim, Byung-Seon) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.37 No.2
According to Paris Agreement that will replace Kyoto Protocol, Korea set a target of 37% reduction in Business As Usual (BAU). Buildings account for about 30% of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, and many countries are promoting the policy to supply green building. Korea induces energy efficiency improvement and energy saving of buildings through a range of policies. However, it has a difficulty in producing actual effect by problems of the process of policy formulation and lack of awareness of policy demanders. Therefore, I searched solutions to supply green building and save energy using buildings to analyse and examine ordinary citizens pertaining to government policy.
황칠나무 꽃의 곤충 방화, 화밀의 분비 특성과 당 함량 및 아미노산 분석
김문섭(Kim Moon-Sup),김혜수(Kim Hyeusoo),김소담(Kim So-Dam),박상진(Park Sang-Jin),송정호(Song Jeong-Ho),김세현(Kim Sea-Hyun) 한국양봉학회 2015 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.30 No.4
This study was conducted to provide a basic data such as honeybee visit and secreted nectar for possibility of development as a honey plant, Dendropanax morbifera Lev. The surveyed tree’s flowers bloom during 23 days in U-san park, Gwang-yang city in 2014. It is showed that more Apis mellifera visited flowers in priority than other pollinators, so the percentage of A. mellifera which visited flowers was 69%. And number of visited honeybees per flowering lateral bunch can be assumed 47.3 honeybees for a day. Nectar volume secreted by nectary was 4.5㎕ and dry nectar volume was 0.48㎕ from one flower. Nectar concentration showed 20.9% and sugar contents of a flower is 79.4㎍, averagely. So, the minimum estimates of honey harvest for a flower was 93.4㎍. Analysis of amino acid showed that Phenylalanine, Glutamine and Proline were more abundant. Especially, Phenylalanine ratio shows 67.2%. Finally, the surveyed D. morbifera is considered as possible sub-honey plant because of its visited honeybee data and nectar characteristics such as nectar sugar and amino acid contents.
Minha Kim,So-Dam Kim,Kyoung In Kim,전은혜,Min Gee Kim,Yu-Ree Lim,Enkhmaa Lkhagva-Yondon,Yena Oh,Kwangmin Na,정영철,진병관,송윤선,Myung Shin Jeon 한국뇌신경과학회 2021 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.30 No.2
Stroke causes systemic immunosuppression. T lymphocytes are involved in infarct size in the early stages of stroke. However, the phenotypes of T lymphocytes and their functions in peripheral immune organs and the brain have not been well analyzed in the acute and chronic phases of stroke. Here, we investigated pathological phenotypic alterations in the systemic immune response, especially changes in T lymphocytes, from one day to six months after ischemic stroke in mice. Impairment in thymocyte numbers, development, proliferation, and apoptosis were observed for up to two weeks. The number of mature T cells in the spleen and blood decreased and showed reduced interferon-γ production. Increased numbers of CD4- CD8- CD3+ double-negative T cells were observed in the mouse brain during the early stages of stroke, whereas interleukin (IL)-10+ Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes increased from two weeks during the chronic phase. These phenotypes correlated with body weight and neurological severity scores. The recovery of T lymphocyte numbers and increases in IL-10+ Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes may be important for long-term neurological outcomes. Dynamic changes in T lymphocytes between the acute and chronic phases may play different roles in pathogenesis and recovery. This study provides fundamental information regarding the T lymphocyte alterations from the brain to the peripheral immune organs following stroke.
김담 ( Dam Kim ),정소담 ( So Dam Jung ),손창남 ( Chang Nam Son ),최지영 ( Ji Young Choi ),이승훈 ( Seung Hun Lee ),김이석 ( Yee Suk Kim ),성윤경 ( Yoon Kyoung Sung ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회지 Vol.87 No.2
Atypical femoral fractures are characterized by a subtrochanteric or diaphyseal location. Recent studies have suggested that long-term treatment with bisphosphonates might be associated with the occurrence of atypical femoral fractures. The present report describes a case involving a 60-year-old woman with left buttock pain that was unassociated with trauma. Her hip pain was initially considered to be a symptom of her underlying rheumatoid arthritis, but a plain radiography, bone scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an insufficiency fracture in the lateral shaft of the left proximal femur. She had been treated with a bisphosphonate for 4.5 years because of a previous vertebral fracture. Her chronic, long-term rheumatoid arthritis and history of bisphosphonate administration were considered to be associated with the development of her atypical femoral fracture. (Korean J Med 2014;87:240-244)