섬 문화유산 현지조사의 가치와 활용

김애경 국립해양문화재연구소 2022 해양문화재 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to promote interest in island cultural heritage and provide useful information obtained through on-site surveys so that it can be used productively by the government in the implementation of policies on island cultural heritage and the effort to set the right direction for policies aiming at the development of islands. The study also seeks to contribute to the creation of a momentum for the development of a variety of contents from the cultural materials collected through the process of surveying the island heritage sites. The main discussion in this study is focused on the latest research trends regarding island cultural heritage and government policies aiming at the development of islands. The discussion includes an analysis of the heritage sites in the islands and under the waters off the islands. Cultural heritage items and sites in the islands are great evidences showing the historical importance of the lands containing them. In Korea, a great majority of its islands are located in the seas off the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, which feature numerous sea routes used since the ancient times by the vessels of China and Japan as well as Korea. That explains why archaeological discoveries continue to be made in the waters surrounding the islands. The National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage has been interested in the excavation of underwater cultural assets and the history of the islands located at the excavated sites. The surveys on the island cultural heritage sites started in 2007 and continued up to 2021, during which a total of 19 inhabited islands have been studied. The surveys led to the production of printed reports and documentary videos focusing on the history and culture of the surveyed islands. The institute had been dedicated to the development of new methods for the study of island cultural heritage in the course of research activities that spanned more than ten years. In addition to the survey and research activities, the instituted has also been keenly interested in ideas to exploit the research results in setting the right direction for the island heritage research projects joined both by experts and inhabitants of the islands concerned. Islands have their own spatial domain independent of the main land, creating their own assets to be studied in various fields of archaeology, history, folklore, architecture, livelihood, life history, transportation, and natural environment. Making records about the cultures and histories of islands is now an urgent task considering the fact that more and more islands lose their people and become uninhabited. By the same token, the passage of time demands new measures to deliver the records of island cultural heritage to future generations. That is why researches on island cultural heritage require innovation in methodology so that their results can effectively use the new media of the digital age to turn them into valuable assets for future generations.

도서해양 민요공동체 산다이의 섬 사이 교류와 의미

홍순일 한국민요학회 2014 한국민요학 Vol.40 No.-

이 논문은 ‘놀이를 지향하는 소리문화의 연행물’인 산다이를 도서해양 문화공동체의 관점에서 주로 완도(보길도 포함), 증도, 지도, 거문도, 남해도(창선도 포함) 등의 현지조사 자료로 살펴지고, 산다이문화의 교차적 공간확장에 초점을 두는 동시에 현사회에서 산다이의 소통적 문화행위가 논의된 것이다. 우선 민요공동체(산다이)는 섬의 시각에 따라 여러 가지 상황을 볼 때 섬마을사람들에 발생하는 공동의 유대나 집합정신을 지녔다. 즉, 민요공동체(산다이)의 일반성은 문화권역이 전개되고, 지역문화가 특성화된 실체로서, 놀이를 지향하는 소리문화의 연행물이고, 도서민 남녀의 갱신활동(更新活動)으로서 시가무(詩歌舞)+놀이라는 전유행위를 통해 형성·유통된다. 그리고 자연적·역사적·사회적 조건에 근거한 일상·생산·갱신활동의 통일과 그 작용에 의해서 변화·발전한다. 또한 그 개별성은 신앙, 의례, 놀이, 노동 등이 통합된 개방적 장르 체계를 가지고, 민요공동체의 독특한 기능을 환기한다. 그리고 민요공동체의 의미를 부여하는 자체의 문예발전사를 가진다. 그런데 이러한 산다이의 문화적 성격은 도서민이 교차적 공간확장을 통해 어로활동을 전개하는 면에서 더욱더 활성화될 수 있다. 다음으로 도서민이 산다이문화를 유통시키는 모습의 하나는 ‘섬 자체’이다. 도서민은 민속공동체의 장기지속과 교육을 위해 일생의례, 세시풍속과 관련시켜 시가무를 융합시키는 산다이를 한다. 그 결과 도서지역 민요의 연행은 시가를 조합하고, 시가무를 융합하며, 시가무와 놀이를 결합한다. 이와 동시에 마을 또는 마을간 이동을 통해 신명풀이을 추구한다. 도서민이 산다이문화를 유통시키는 모습의 다른 하나는 섬 사이인 ‘섬에서 섬으로’이다. 도서민은 지역특산물의 단기변화에 따른 생산을 위해 생산의례, 민속놀이와 관련시켜 원정 어로활동을 할 때 시가무를 융합시키는 산다이를 한다. 도서민이 혼인 또는 어기(漁期)·어장(漁場)·어종(魚種)에 따라 교차적으로 조기, 멸치 등 고기잡이 공간을 한국 해역으로 확장해 가기 때문이다. 끝으로 산다이문화는 어장권간의 결절점(結節點)을 형성하고 있는 문화코드이다. 산다이문화는 ‘예술대상+예술가+예술작품+독자·청중·관객’의 관계 속에서 어로문화의 구비전승자원과 함께 살필 때 해류에 따른 고기잡이로 섬에서 섬으로 유통되고, 도서민이 구비문학의 창조성을 공동체에 부여하며, 또한 삶의 본래 모습을 새롭게 돌아보게 한다. This study speculated on Sandai, ‘a Sori cultural performance towards play,’ mainly through spot surveys on Wan-do (including Bogil-do), Jeung-do, Ji-do, Geomoon-do, Namhae-do, etc., from the perspective of island-sea cultural community, and focused on the crossing space expansion of a Sandai culture, at the same time, reviewed on Sandai’s communicative cultural activity in the present society. First, a folksong community (Sandai) contains ties or group spirits in common which occur in islands residents according to the viewpoint of islands in consideration of a few circumstances. In short, the general characteristics of a folksong community (Sandai) are a reality of the development of cultural district and the specialty of a local culture; a Sori-cultural performance towards play; and a renewal activity of island men and women, and the characteristics are produced and circulated through a monopoly activity which consists of poem-song-dance and play. Moreover, it became changed and developed through unity and interaction of daily life-production-renewal activities based on natural-historical-social conditions. In addition, its individual characteristics possess open genre systems in which religion, ceremony, play, labor, etc., are integrated, and recall a unique function of a folksong community. It also has its own literature history which endows the meaning of a folksong community. Meanwhile, these cultural characteristics Sandai can be increasingly activated through the aspect that island people do fishery through crossing space expansion. Second, one of scenes through which island people circulate their Sandai cultures is ‘island itself.’ Island people present Sandai performances that converge poem, song and dances in linkage with rites of passage and seasonal customs for the purpose of long-term existence and education of the community. As a result, the folksong performance in the island regions combines poem and song, converges poem, song and dance, and conjoins poem-song-dance with play. At the same time, people pursue delight by moving from town to town. The other scene in which island people distribute their Sandai cultures is ‘from island to island’ circulation. The residents play Sandai performances when they go an away fishing in relation to a rite of production and a folk game, for the production based on the short-term change of a local specialty. It is because island people increasingly expands their fishing spaces of yellow corbina, anchovy, and so on in cross-sectional boundaries according to wedding, or fishing season, fishing ground and fish species. Last, the Sandai culture is a culture code which forms a node between fishery bounds in Korea. The Sandai culture enables people to distribute cultures from fishery island to island according to sea currents; assign the creativity of oral literature to a community; and reflect their original nature when the Sandai culture is reviewed together with the oral heritage of a fishery culture in relation to ‘artistic subject+artist+artworks+reader-spectator-audience.’

제주 섬의 역사성과 복수성을 활용한 제주도 해양관광콘텐츠 개발방안 연구

이웅규 ( Lee Woong-kyu ),정민의 ( Jung Min-eue ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2018 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구는 제주도가 섬의 정체성을 나타내고 매력 있는 해양관광도시로서 지속가능한 발전을 추구하기 위한 방안 중의 하나로 제주도의 역사성과 복수성을 활용하여 해양관광콘텐츠로 개발하고자 한다. 그 방안을 적극적으로 고찰하기 위해 국내외에서 발간된 다양한 연구논문과 정기간행물, 정부문서와 신문기사 등의 2차 자료를 중심으로 문헌 고찰하였다. 이에 본 연구는 해양관광콘텐츠란 본래 창의력·상상력을 원천으로 문화적 요소가 체화되어 경제적 가치를 창출하는 문화관광상품을 의미한다고 정의하였다. 그래서 섬의 역사성과 복수성을 활용한 제주도의 해양관광콘텐츠 개발을 위해서는 정책적으로는 영화, 에니메이션, 음악, 비디오물, 게임물, 멀티미디어콘텐츠, 캐릭터, 만화 및 디지털콘텐츠 등 각 분야의 시설확충과 전문인력 양성, 고부가가치 문화상품, 문화산업의 해외지원 확대뿐만 아니라 그 속에 내재되어 있는 문화적 상상력을 총체적으로 발휘해야 한다고 논의했다. 특히, 제주도의 해양문화 콘텐츠 원형에 창의력과 상상력이 가미되면 제주도의 역사성과 복수성을 더욱 부각시키며 정체성과 공적 이미지 창출에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 경제적 가치를 창출하는 해양관광콘텐츠가 될 것이기 때문이다. 본 연구는 제주도의 역사성과 복수성으로 수렴되는 해양관광콘텐츠는 제주도의 해양문화콘텐츠 원형 발굴에서 시작된다는 전제하에 문헌고찰을 통해 세 가지 범주에서 제시하였다. 첫째 사람, 문화, 물자 교류의 역사성과 복수성을 보여주는 문화원형을 개발해야 한다. 둘째, 국제성을 보여 주는 문화원형을 발굴하여 초국가적 영역성을 개발해야 한다. 셋째, 다층적인 문화가 누적된 문화원형 발굴을 통해 한국현대사의 질곡의 현장이 가득한 시·공간을 개발해야 한다. 특히, 제주도를 해항도시로 자리매김 한다면, 해항도시가 가진 역사적, 철학적 비전이 다양성과 창의성을 기반으로 하는 창의도시의 그것보다 훨씬 유연하고 역동성을 담으며 제주도의 역사성과 복수성에 어울릴 것이다. 또한 ‘21세기 해양의 시대의 해양전진기지, 제주’보다는 ‘21세기 유라시아 해항도시 네트워크의 결절점, 제주’가 역사성과 복수성을 반영하면서도 미래 지향적인 비전으로 다가올 것이다. 해항도시 제주가 가진 교류의 역사성, 복수성, 국제성, 문화의 잡종성을 드러내는 문화콘텐츠 원형은 여기에 상상력이 가미될 때 생명력을 가지며 나아가 경제적 가치를 창출하는 해양관광콘텐츠가 될 것이다. 향후 제주 섬의 역사성과 복수성을 활용한 해양관광콘텐츠 개발방안은 반드시 정치적 요구에 따라 각종 특별법을 만들어 섬 성(性)을 무시한 정책개발들을 남발해서는 안 된다. 제주섬 정책은 국토종합계획과 다른 차원에서 수립되어야 한다. 지역 간 경계도 없고 국가 간 물리적 경계도 존재하지 않는 해양과 바다의 특성을 고려해야 한다. 또한 제주도민들과 해양문화콘텐츠의 원형복원을 고려한 육지와 차별화된 해양관광콘텐츠 프로그램, 지역주민의 참여가 이루어지면서 미래가치가 우선적으로 고려된 제주 섬의 역사성과 복수성을 활용해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to explore the sustainable development of JejuIsland as an attractive marine tourism city. For this purpose, we will develop the contents of marine tourism using the historical and plural nature of Jeju Island. In order to positively examine these methods, a literature review was conducted focusing on secondary research articles such as research papers, periodicals, government documents and newspaper articles published in and outside the country. In this study, the definition of marine tourism contents is defined as cultural tourism products that create economic value by incorporating cultural elements originating from creativity and imagination. Therefore, we would like to develop Jeju Island’s marine tourism contents utilizing the history and pluralism of the island. The policy was to expand the facilities, expertise, and support for high value-added cultural products and cultural industries in the fields of film, animation, music, video, game, multimedia, character, cartoon and digital contents. They also discussed that the cultural imagination inherent in itshould be exercised as a whole. Especially, Jeju Island’s creativity and imagination are needed for the prototype of marine culture contents. If we emphasize the historical and pluralism of Jeju Island, it will contribute to the creation of identity and public image. It will also be a marine tourism content that creates economic value. This study pointed out that Jeju Island marine tourism contents, which are represented by history and plurality, originated from the exploration of marine culture content prototypes. First, we must develop a culture prototype showing the history and pluralism of the exchange of people, culture, and materials. Second, it is necessary to develop transcontinental territoriality by discovering cultural prototypes showing internationality. Third, it is necessary to develop a city and a space filled with Korean history through the accumulation of multi-layered cultural circles. Especially, if Jeju Island becomes a sea port city, it will become a maritime tourism city filled with the historical and philosophical vision of the sea port city. In addition, ‘Nautical point of Eurasia maritime city network in the 21st century, Jeju’ rather than ‘Maritime advance base of the 21st century marine era, Jeju’ will come to be a future-oriented vision reflecting historical and pluralism. It is important to find a cultural content prototype that reveals the history, sexuality, internationality, and cultural hybridity of an exchange city Jeju. If imagination is added to this, it will become Jeju Island with vitality, and it will become a marine tourism content that creates economic value.

민속문화재는 누구의 것인가? -지정제도에서 등록제도로의 이행에 대해-

린쳉웨이[林承緯] 실천민속학회 2022 실천민속학연구 Vol.39 No.-

Intangible cultural heritage has gradually captured the attention of the public in the 21 century, as it becomes more integrated with the purposes and inspirations for tourism, economic development, and culture. It has even become a demonstration of national strength as various countries actively promote international cultural resources. Promoted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the “Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage” has expanded the protection of global culture from “exclusive world heritage” of the past to intangible cultural assets.Furthermore, following the global trend of preservation, various countries have begun to value the protection of both tangible and intangible cultural elements. When Taiwan amended the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act in 2005, the most significant revision was the enactment of substantive formal protection measures for intangible cultural heritage and the creation of two preservation categories in the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, namely folk customs and relevant cultural artifacts, as well as traditional arts. Based on Taiwan’s Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, the protection of folk customs between 2006 to 2016 was implemented using the method of “designation” for national-level protection, and “registration” for local-level protection. The law was again revised in 2016, changing the listing method of national-level folk cultural assets from designation to registration. The goal was to reduce excessive interference by national laws and regulations such as the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act. A review is perhaps necessary for such a transformation in the concept of folk cultural asset preservation, and whether it has had a direct impact in the preservation of folk culture in recent years. Taipei City, which has undergone the most comprehensive urbanization, will serve as an example in this article, focusing on the local status of folk culture asset preservation as a way to understand the current status of such efforts. In particular, the ongoing “Shezi Island Bombing of the Earth God” folk cultural asset registration will be closely examined. In the early years, construction restrictions were imposed on Shezi Island due to the low-lying terrain. This limitation has hindered urbanization of the region, but also preserved its rich local traditions, including the “Bombing the Earth God” custom during the Lantern Festival in the beginning of the year. Recently, the implementation of urban renewal programs have gradually rebuilt traditional settlements on Shezi Island. In response, local residents wish to register the “Bombing of Earth God” ritual as a cultural asset, perhaps as a way of slowing down excessive urbanization efforts. However, the revision of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, changing the listing method from designation to registration has also had an effect on local regulations regarding cultural preservations, which has also made it more difficult for Shezi Island residents to protect their homeland through the preservation of folk cultural assets. The social impact of such transformation in preservation policies reveal another type of close relationship between the preservation of folk cultural assets and the development of social communities.

진도의 바다 세계와 진도 문화의 해양문화관광 자원화 방안

홍석준(Seok-Joon Hong) 목포대학교 도서문화연구소 2006 島嶼文化 Vol.28 No.-

한반도 서남해 지역의 바다와 섬의 역사와 문화의 보고(寶庫)이자 산실이기도 한 진도는 예로부터 전남의 예향 전통을 계승한 지역으로도 유명한 곳이다. 진도는 육지세계와는 다른 역사와 문화를 보유해 왔다. 진도 나름대로의 고유하면서도 독특한 도서성(insularity)으로 인해 중앙정부의 집권체제에서 벗어나 바다와 섬만의 고유성과 진정성을 보전할 수 있었다. 다도해의 절경을 배경으로 유구한 시간의 흐름 속에서 형성, 변모해 온 진도의 다양하고 복합적인 역사ㆍ문화적 자원과 민속문화는 21세기 새로이 세계로 향하는 신해양 실크로드의 문화중계자(culture hub)로서의 역할을 담당할 것임에 틀림이 없다. 각종 해상문화자원의 활용과 레포츠의 응용, 건강과 진정한 의미에서의 웰빙(well-being)에 대한 관심, 세계화의 진전 등의 21세기 신해양시대의 변화는 진도와 진도 사람들의 새로운 변화를 요구하며, 이는 관광의 활성화라는 주제에서도 예외가 될 수 없다. 이러한 관점에서 향후 진도의 사회와 문화는 과거의 문화적 흔적에서 연유한 세계와 단절되어 육지로부터 유배된 사람들이 집결하여 신세타령을 위한 음풍농월이나 중앙 회기로의 막연한 기대나 동경을 염원하는 소극적이고 비관적인 관점이 지배하던 과거의 부정적인 이미지에서 벗어나 21세기 신해양 시대를 주도하면서 전 세계의 해양세계의 가치와 원리를 재구축하는 해양문화의 전진기지이자 문화 발신지로서의 역할을 담당하는 주체적 모습으로 재구성되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 이를 위해선 진도에 대한 새로운 인식이 무엇보다도 절실히 요구되며, 이에 대한 역사문화 관련 이야기를 만들어내고, 이를 콘텐츠화하고자 하는 인적 자원의 양성과 이에 대한 기술적, 물적 지원이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이 글에서는 진도의 역사와 문화를 해양문화관광을 위한 자원화 방안을 마련하기 위해 진도의 문화를 어떻게 관광자원화할 것이며, 이를 위한 효과적인 홍보 방안은 무엇인가를 집중적으로 다루고자 한다. 이를 위해 진도의 역사와 문화가 갖는 역사적, 문화적 특징과 의미에 주목하여, 이를 바다관광 자원화하기 위한 실질적 방안과 연계하여 진도 문화의 콘텐츠화를 위해선 어떻게 하는 것이 바람직한 것인가를 논의한다. Jindo, one of the islands which are located in the southwestern area of Korea Peninsula, is very famous for a precious cultural area of Korean traditional historic-cultural heritage, especially an island that has a lot of cultural characteristics and meanings of insularity, which has been regarded as the image of separation or remoteness. However, Jindo should be born as one of the new place that has diverse insular and maritime cultural heritage and cultural contents can be created and utilized by the reinterpretations of Jindo's cultural heritage. This paper examines the cultural characteristics and meanings of Jindo's historic-cultural heritage, and investigates the method of how Jindo's cultural resources can be produced, developed and utilized by the reinterpretations of Jindo culture, especially focused on those of 'separation of sea' phenomenon observed in Jindo island. In this paper, I suggest several ways of how historic-cultural heritage in Jindo should be developed and practiced by the reinterpretation or reconstruction of previous image of sea world in geneneral, and by that of Jindo island in particular.

제주도 문화콘텐츠 브랜드 개성이 관광 만족도, 추천의도 및 재방문의도에 미치는 영향

김지수 ( Kim Ji-soo ),김종무 ( Kim Jong-moo ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회(구 시각디자인학회) 2018 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.63 No.-

본 논문에서는 제주도의 문화유산 및 문화콘텐츠의 종류, 브랜드 개성, 관광만족도, 추천의도 및 재방문의도에 대한 이론적 배경을 선행논문을 통하여 살펴보고 연구에 필요한 이론을 정리하였다. 이론적 배경에서 제주도 문화콘텐츠를 ‘자연경관’, ‘체험시설’, ‘특화거리’로 설정하고, 제주도 문화콘텐츠 브랜드 개성이 관광만족도, 추천의도 및 재방문의도에 미치는 영향을 제주도를 방문한 204명의 관광객을 대상으로 설문을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 제주도 문화콘텐츠 브랜드 개성 요인은 ‘전통성’, ‘역동성’, ‘혁신성’으로 나타났다. 둘째, 제주도 문화콘텐츠 브랜드 개성 중 ‘전통성’이 관광만족도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 제주도 문화콘텐츠의 브랜드 개성 ‘전통성’, ‘역동성’, ‘혁신성’ 모두 추천의도와 재방문의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 결과가 제주도 문화콘텐츠 브랜드 개성과 관광객의 태도를 이해하는데 기초자료가 될 것이다. In this thesis, the theoretical background of the cultural heritage of Jeju Island, kind of cultural contents, brand individuality, tourism satisfaction, recommendation intention, and revisit intention was examined through the precedent thesis, and the theory necessary for this study was arranged. In the theoretical background, Jeju Island cultural contents were set as the ‘natural landscape’, ‘experience facility’, and ‘specialized street’, and the brand individuality of Jeju Island cultural contents was set as the ‘traditionality’, ‘dynamics’, and ‘innovativeness’, and the effect of the brand individuality of Jeju Island cultural contents on the tourism satisfaction, recommendation intention, and revisit intention through a survey targeting 204 tourists who visited Jeju Island. According to the study, first, it was confirmed that three factors: ‘traditionality’, ‘dynamics’, and ‘innovativeness’ were the brand individuality of Jeju Island cultural contents. Second, it was confirmed that ‘traditionality’, ‘dynamics’, and ‘innovativeness’, brand individuality factors of Jeju Island cultural contents, let tourists want to recommend Jeju to their acquaintances or visit Jeju again. Third, it was confirmed the ‘traditionality’ among 3 factors: ‘traditionality’, ‘dynamics’, and ‘innovativeness’, brand individuality factors of Jeju Island cultural contents, had the biggest effect on the tourism satisfaction, recommendation intention, and revisit intention. This result will be basic materials for understanding Jeju cultural contents brand personality and the attitude of tourists.

『玆山魚譜』의 해양생태인문학적 가치와 융합연구 제언

남진숙(Nam, Jin-Sook),이영숙(Lee, Young- Suk) 문학과환경학회 2019 문학과 환경 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구는 정약전(1758~1816)의 『자산어보』(『玆山魚譜』)를 해양생태인문학적 관점에서 현대적 가치를 재인식하고, 나아가 학제간 해양생태문화콘텐츠 융합연구의 방향을 제언한 논문이다. 흑산도는 정약전의 『자산어보』가 집필된 공간으로, 해양문화콘텐츠의 문화원형을 가진 곳이다. 『자산어보』는 정약전의 삶과 학문적 철학이 담겨있고 생물학, 인문학, 민속학, 음식학 등 다양한 학문의 영역을 내포 있어, 해양생태인문학적 도서로서 의미와 가치를 지닌다. 따라서 『자산어보』의 문화원형 가치를 살려 ‘인문학, 예술학, 공학’등 융복합의 연구결과를 현실화, 실현화, 실용화할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 자산어보에 나오는 물고기의 속성 및 특징을 파악하여 캐릭터 하고, 그것을 토대로 다양한 콘텐츠를 개발하는 것이다. 예를 들어 스토리텔링과 콘텐츠의 시각화 및 에셋(Asset) 연구, VR(가상현실, Virtual Reality) 해양생태지도 구현기술 연구의 융합이 그 지점이다. 이는 섬을 물리적으로 개발하는 것보다 그 섬이 가진 문화원형의 자원을 활용하는 것이 섬과 바다를 보존하고, 더불어 해양생태계와 인간이 공존하는 방향이다. 본 논문은 자산어보의 가치를 현대적으로 재인식하고, 단선적인 기존의 연구를 넘어서 융복합적인 연구의 가능성을 폭넓게 시사하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. This is a paper to reconsider the modern values from marine ecohumanistic viewpoints on Jeong Yak-jeon’s Jasan-eobo , book on the fish species of Heuksan Island, and furthermore proposes the direction of interdisciplinary research on marine eco-cultural contents convergence. Heuksando(island) is a place where Jeong Yak-jeon’s Jasan-eobo was written, and it has a cultural prototype of marine cultural content. Jasaneobo has meaning and values as a book of marine eco-humanities because it contains Jeong Yak-jeon’s life and academic philosophy, and covers various fields such as biology, humanities, folklore and food science. Therefore, if we take advantage of the cultural prototype value of Jasan-eobo , the research results of convergence of humanities, art studies, engineering and so on, could be realized and put into practice. For this purpose, it is to characterize the attributes and characteristics of fish appearing on Jasan-eobo , and to develop various contents based on them. For example, the convergence of storytelling and content visualization, asset research, VR(virtual reality) and marine ecological mapping technology research are the point. Utilizing the island’s cultural prototype resources rather than physically developing the island is more about preserving the island and the sea. In addition, it is the direction in which humans coexist with the marine ecosystem. This paper is meaningful in that it recognized the value of Jasaneobo in a modern way, and has extensively suggested the possibility of convergence research beyond the one-sided existing research. 본 연구는 정약전(1758~1816)의 『자산어보』(『玆山魚譜』)를 해양생태인문학적 관점에서 현대적 가치를 재인식하고, 나아가 학제간 해양생태문화콘텐츠 융합연구의 방향을 제언한 논문이다. 흑산도는 정약전의 『자산어보』가 집필된 공간으로, 해양문화콘텐츠의 문화원형을 가진 곳이다. 『자산어보』는 정약전의 삶과 학문적 철학이 담겨있고 생물학, 인문학, 민속학, 음식학 등 다양한 학문의 영역을 내포 있어, 해양생태인문학적 도서로서 의미와 가치를 지닌다. 따라서 『자산어보』의 문화원형 가치를 살려 ‘인문학, 예술학, 공학’등 융복합의 연구결과를 현실화, 실현화, 실용화할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 자산어보에 나오는 물고기의 속성 및 특징을 파악하여 캐릭터 하고, 그것을 토대로 다양한 콘텐츠를 개발하는 것이다. 예를 들어 스토리텔링과 콘텐츠의 시각화 및 에셋(Asset) 연구, VR(가상현실, Virtual Reality) 해양생태지도 구현기술 연구의 융합이 그 지점이다. 이는 섬을 물리적으로 개발하는 것보다 그 섬이 가진 문화원형의 자원을 활용하는 것이 섬과 바다를 보존하고, 더불어 해양생태계와 인간이 공존하는 방향이다. 본 논문은 자산어보의 가치를 현대적으로 재인식하고, 단선적인 기존의 연구를 넘어서 융복합적인 연구의 가능성을 폭넓게 시사하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. This is a paper to reconsider the modern values from marine ecohumanistic viewpoints on Jeong Yak-jeon’s Jasan-eobo , book on the fish species of Heuksan Island, and furthermore proposes the direction of interdisciplinary research on marine eco-cultural contents convergence. Heuksando(island) is a place where Jeong Yak-jeon’s Jasan-eobo was written, and it has a cultural prototype of marine cultural content. Jasaneobo has meaning and values as a book of marine eco-humanities because it contains Jeong Yak-jeon’s life and academic philosophy, and covers various fields such as biology, humanities, folklore and food science. Therefore, if we take advantage of the cultural prototype value of Jasan-eobo , the research results of convergence of humanities, art studies, engineering and so on, could be realized and put into practice. For this purpose, it is to characterize the attributes and characteristics of fish appearing on Jasan-eobo , and to develop various contents based on them. For example, the convergence of storytelling and content visualization, asset research, VR(virtual reality) and marine ecological mapping technology research are the point. Utilizing the island’s cultural prototype resources rather than physically developing the island is more about preserving the island and the sea. In addition, it is the direction in which humans coexist with the marine ecosystem. This paper is meaningful in that it recognized the value of Jasaneobo in a modern way, and has extensively suggested the possibility of convergence research beyond the one-sided existing research.

섬관광 실태와 활성화 방안 연구 -전남 도서·연안지역을 중심으로-

김준 국립목포대학교 도서문화연구원 2008 島嶼文化 Vol.0 No.32

A comfortable and pleasant environment is necessary for a good tourist site and cultural characteristics are also essential. Tourists would like to experience the uniqueness of local nature, history and culture and mingle with local residents. To urbanites, islands are novel sites. They would like to pay a visit to an island and stay there. Every island has its own cultural system and islanders have developed their unique life stories. Island humanities have existed. Island tourism should be something differentiated from that carried out elsewhere. Islanders have their own lifestyle and value system. To urbanites, islands should be an escape from the hustle and bustle of their city life. Island development should be carried out with the focus on insularity, island culture and island humanities. High-end tourism, in particular, needs to be something associated with local residents. An analysis of successful island tourism will tell you that it is utilizing the ecological environment and cultural resources of islands, first of all. Second, it is developing sightseeing programs using resources in nearby islands. Third, the development of tourism resources is based on the everyday life of local residents. South Jeolla Province has sufficient island tourism resources. For it to become a Mecca of island tourism, it should place priority on the establishment of a method of development based on a solid roadmap, demand and value system. The direction should be set in a sustainable way, with the ecology, culture and economy of the island(s) taken into account, with the aim to make it (or them)a nice place to stay all year round. Environment Carrying Capacity should be considered first in setting up such a strategy. In developing island tourism products, the local environment, community and culture should be those that can enjoy the benefits, not those asked to make sacrifices.

Cultural Landscape and Ecotourism in Bali Island, Indonesia

Hakim, Luchman,김재은,홍선기 한국생태학회 2009 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.32 No.1

This paper describes the role of ethnoecology in supporting tourism. We conducted a case study on the island of Bali (Indonesia), the famous tourism destination. We review the culture, nature and ecotourism prospects of Bali and then extend our discussion to examine the role of indigenous philosophies in building the destination’s image. Bali has a rich culture and natural resources that have been utilized and managed through an indigenous philosophy called Tri Hita Karana. Ethnoecology is widely applied and appreciated in the society and has produced Balinese cultural landscapes that have become significant tourism attractions. There has been a recent increase in tourist desire to explore genuine Balinese culture, so ethnoecology has a significant role in the quest to preserve and conserve such indigenous cultural landscapes. Ethnoecology is a key to ensuring and sustaining the images and authenticity of Bali Island. In this paper, we considered the landscape of rice paddies as a cultural landscape and resource for tourism. The structure and function of paddy terrace landscapes is based on the ethnoecology of Tri Hita Karana; therefore, in order to understand nature and ecotourism in Bali Island, knowledge of indigenous philosophy is indispensable. Cultural landscapes that link human and natural systems are not only places of natural beauty but also provide background information about the history of human adaptations to nature. This paper describes the role of ethnoecology in supporting tourism. We conducted a case study on the island of Bali (Indonesia), the famous tourism destination. We review the culture, nature and ecotourism prospects of Bali and then extend our discussion to examine the role of indigenous philosophies in building the destination’s image. Bali has a rich culture and natural resources that have been utilized and managed through an indigenous philosophy called Tri Hita Karana. Ethnoecology is widely applied and appreciated in the society and has produced Balinese cultural landscapes that have become significant tourism attractions. There has been a recent increase in tourist desire to explore genuine Balinese culture, so ethnoecology has a significant role in the quest to preserve and conserve such indigenous cultural landscapes. Ethnoecology is a key to ensuring and sustaining the images and authenticity of Bali Island. In this paper, we considered the landscape of rice paddies as a cultural landscape and resource for tourism. The structure and function of paddy terrace landscapes is based on the ethnoecology of Tri Hita Karana; therefore, in order to understand nature and ecotourism in Bali Island, knowledge of indigenous philosophy is indispensable. Cultural landscapes that link human and natural systems are not only places of natural beauty but also provide background information about the history of human adaptations to nature.

920년대 코니아일랜드(Coney Island): 미국의 놀이공원과 대중문화

김서형 ( Seo Hyung Kim ) 이화사학연구소 2014 梨花史學硏究 Vol.0 No.48

Since the turn of the century, amusement park has been more common by providing lots of entertainments and fun. After the 20th century, the most representative amusement park in the United States was Coney Island, which located at Brooklyn, New York State. This place has important historical meaning in that it reflected many changes in the American society. Especially, with the leisure culture at Coney Island, the public could experience mass production and consumerism, which were the results of economical growth and prosperity. Also, they could play an important role to create and appropriate new American culture. In this meaning, from the turn of the century to 1920s, to examine popular culture of Coney Island in American society, and to analyze the process to create, spread and appropriate for the public as an active agent. Most of all, Coney Island was the place to show popular culture that was created on the base of consumption and leisure in this period and to show typical characteristics and patterns of American culture. Laborers, women and immigrants, who had been excluded and isolated from the traditional culture appeared as other agents of new American culture. Their various experiences, cultural customs and voices could represent the tolerance for variety of American society that had experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization. So, through Coney Island, laborers, women and new immigrants could create new popular culture and they played important agents to enjoy entertainments and leisure in this period. The early 20th century was the period, in which the desire to create and appropriate new leisure culture of the public was so strong. And Coney Island was the key place to create this kind of popular culture. Because of Coney Island, the public began to recognize the need of new culture that could represent their economical and social status in American society. So, Coney Island was the most representative symbol for the American popular culture in American society.