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Jimenez-Perez, Zuly Elizabeth,Singh, Priyanka,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Lee, Myoung Hee,Yang, Deok Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3
Background: Bioactive compounds in plant extracts are able to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles through the process of green synthesis. Panax ginseng is an oriental medicinal herb and an adaptogen which has been historically used to cure various diseases. In addition, the P. ginseng leaves-mediated gold nanoparticles are the value-added novel materials. Its potential as a cosmetic ingredient is still unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, moisture retention and whitening properties of gold nanoparticles (PgAuNPs) in cosmetic applications. Methods: Cell-free experiments were performed to evaluate PgAuNP's antioxidant and moisture retention properties and inhibition activity on mushroom tyrosinase. Furthermore, in vitro cell cytotoxicity was evaluated using normal human dermal fibroblast and murine B16BL6 melanoma cells (B16) after treatment with increasing concentrations of PgAuNPs for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Finally, in vitro cell assays on B16 cells were performed to evaluate the whitening effect of PgAuNPs through reduction of cellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Results: In vitro DPPH radical scavenging assay results revealed that PgAuNPs exhibited antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. PgAuNPs exhibited moisture retention capacity and effectively inhibited mushroom tyrosinase. In addition, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide results revealed that PgAuNPs were not toxic to human dermal fibroblast and B16 cells; in addition, they significantly reduced melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and mRNA expression of melanogenesis-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase in B16 cells. Conclusion: Our study is the first report to provide evidence supporting that P. ginseng leaves-capped gold nanoparticles could be used as multifunctional ingredients in cosmetics.
광촉매 활성 평가를 위한 더덕의 산화 아연 나노파티클의 One-pot 합성
Hashmoonah Ali,Zuly Elizabeth Jimenez Perez,Ramya Mathiyalagan,Josua Markus,Gokulanathan Anandapadmanaban,허준,Indra Bajikh,양덕춘 한국약용작물학회 2018 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2018 No.10
Background : Codonopsis lanceolata is a perennial herb called as ‘Deodeok’ (더덕) in Korea. The roots of C. lanceolate has been reported to have some antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The chemically reactive saponins of C. lanceolata might be used as a capping agent for the surface of ZnO nanoparticle, ultimately making it a highly efficient photocatalyst. Methods and Results : In this paper, we report the one-pot green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via precipitation method using root extract of C. lanceolata. The structure of green synthesized Cl-ZnO NPs was characterized using XRD, EDX, DLS and morphology using TEM. The FT-IR exhibited the information about the functional groups that capped the metal nanoparticle and the formation of metal NPs was confirmed by UV–vis spectra at 356nm. The Cl-ZnO NPs were evaluated for their catalytic activity by measuring the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution under UV light (365 ㎚). The result showed efficient degradation of MB, which was degraded 70% within 30 min by Cl-ZnO NPs. Conclusion : This study proves that the green route synthesized ZnO NPs from the root extract of C. lanceolata are low cost, time efficient, bio-degradable and non- toxic. The UVvis spectra confirmed the synthesis of ZnO NPs from C. lanceolata root extract. The Cl- ZnO NPs mediated catalysis exhibited high photocatalysis rate in short time. Ultimately, the green rapid synthesized Cl-ZnO NPs from root extract can be used as an efficient
Engineering Human Brain Organoids: From Basic Research to Tissue Regeneration
Jeong Hye-Jin,Jimenez Zuly,Mukhambetiyar Karakoz,Seo Minwook,Choi Jeong-Won,박태은 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2020 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.17 No.6
Background: Brain organoids are self-organized from human pluripotent stem cells and developed into various brain region following the developmental process of brain. Brain organoids provide promising approach for studying brain development process and neurological diseases and for tissue regeneration. Methods: In this review, we summarized the development of brain organoids technology, potential applications focusing on disease modeling for regeneration medicine, and multidisciplinary approaches to overcome current limitations of the technology. Results: Generations of brain organoids are categorized into two major classes by depending on the patterning method. In order to guide the differentiation into specific brain region, the extrinsic factors such as growth factors, small molecules, and biomaterials are actively studied. For better modelling of diseases with brain organoids and clinical application for tissue regeneration, improvement of the brain organoid maturation is one of the most important steps. Conclusion: Brain organoids have potential to develop into an innovative platform for pharmacological studies and tissue engineering. However, they are not identical replicas of their in vivo counterpart and there are still a lot of limitations to move forward to clinical applications.
Eun Jung Lee,Zuly Jiménez,Kwang‑Hoon Seo,Gi Baeg Nam,Young‑Gyu Kang,Tae Ryong Lee,Donghyun Kim,양덕춘 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1
Coumestrol (CMS), one of the soybean isoflavonoids which contains several benefits for maintaining skin function including antiageing properties. In this study, we evaluated various explant sources and plant genotypes to determine competent soybean adventitious root materials for the mass production of CMS, and investigated their skin care efficacies to be used as a novel cosmetic ingredient. Adventitious roots were directly induced from in vitro seedling derived from the mature seeds, extracts were prepared and refluxed for enzymatic deglycosylation. In vitro cell cytotoxicity was evaluated using normal human dermal fibroblast and murine B16 melanoma cells after treatment with increasing concentrations of methanol soybean adventitious roots extracts for 72 h. Finally, in vitro cell assays on HDF cells were performed to evaluate the effect of the soybean adventitious roots extracts in collagen production. The root induction frequency and biomass productivity were significantly affected by plant genotypes, explant sources, the type of auxin used and its concentration. The total CMS production (per 1 L medium) after 4 weeks of culture in a bulb-type bubble bioreactor (3 L capacity) was the highest in the adventitious roots induced from the radicles of Glycine max, ‘Sinhwakong’. Different strengths of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were tested to develop culture protocols and the highest total CMS production (per 1 L medium) was observed at 1/2 MS. The content of coumestrin, the glycoside form of CMS, was higher than that of CMS in the roots cultured in 1/2 MS medium for 4 weeks in a bioreactor. The final content of CMS in the ethanol extract after enzymatic deglycosylation was 81.3-fold higher than non-enzymatic deglycosylation. Almost all the coumestrin in the roots were converted to CMS. Further, the enriched CMS root did not exhibit any cell cytotoxicity in normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and murine B16 melanoma cells (B16) for 72 h. In addition, in vitro collagen production assay on HDF cells showed that the enriched CMS root increased the collagen production compared to the coumestrol, daidzein, and non-enzyme-treated sample. Thus, enriched CMS root could be potential ingredient for the cosmetic applications
Jimé,nez Pé,rez, Zuly Elizabeth,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Markus, Josua,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Kang, Hyun Mi,Abbai, Ragavendran,Seo, Kwang Hoon,Wang, Dandan,Soshnikova, Veronika,Yang, Deok Chun DOVE MEDICAL PRESS 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.12 No.-
<P>There has been a growing interest in the design of environmentally affable and biocompatible nanoparticles among scientists to find novel and safe biomaterials. <I>Panax ginseng</I> Meyer berries have unique phytochemical profile and exhibit beneficial pharmacological activities such as antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, antiaging, and antioxidant properties. A comprehensive study of the biologically active compounds in ginseng berry extract (GBE) and the ability of ginseng berry (GB) as novel material for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GBAuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (GBAgNPs) was conducted. In addition, the effects of GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs on skin cell lines for further potential biological applications are highlighted. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs were synthesized using aqueous GBE as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their size, morphology, and crystallinity. The nanoparticles were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity activities and for morphological changes in human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma skin cell lines. The phytochemicals contained in GBE effectively reduced and capped gold and silver ions to form GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs. The optimal synthesis conditions (ie, temperature and v/v % of GBE) and kinetics were investigated. Polysaccharides and phenolic compounds present in GBE were suggested to be responsible for stabilization and functionalization of nanoparticles. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs showed increased scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals compared to GBE. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs effectively inhibited mushroom tyrosinase, while GBAgNPs showed antibacterial activity against <I>Escherichia coli</I> and <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>. In addition, GBAuNPs were nontoxic to human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma cell lines, and GBAgNPs showed cytotoxic effect on murine melanoma cell lines. The current results evidently suggest that GBAgNPs can act as potential agents for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and antibacterial activities. In addition, GBAuNPs can be further developed into mediators in drug delivery and as antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and protective skin agents in cosmetic products. Consequently, the study showed the advantages of using nanotechnology and green chemistry to enhance the natural properties of GBs.</P>
Wang, Dan-Dan,Jin, Yan,Wang, Chao,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Perez, Zuly Elizabeth Jimenez,Baek, Nam In,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Markus, Josua,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1
Background: Ginsenoside F1 has been described to possess skin-whitening effects on humans. We aimed to synthesize a new ginsenoside derivative from F1 and investigate its cytotoxicity and melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16BL6 cells using recombinant glycosyltransferase enzyme. Glycosylation has the advantage of synthesizing rare chemical compounds from common compounds with great ease. Methods: UDP-glycosyltransferase (BSGT1) gene from Bacillus subtilis was selected for cloning. The recombinant glycosyltransferase enzyme was purified, characterized, and utilized to enzymatically transform F1 into its derivative. The new product was characterized by NMR techniques and evaluated by MTT, melanin count, and tyrosinase inhibition assay. Results: The new derivative was identified as (20S)-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},12{\beta}$,20-tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene-20-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside(ginsenoside Ia), which possesses an additional glucose linked into the C-3 position of substrate F1. Ia had been previously reported; however, no in vitro biological activity was further examined. This study focused on the mass production of arduous ginsenoside Ia from accessible F1 and its inhibitory effect of melanogenesis in B16BL6 cells. Ia showed greater inhibition of melanin and tyrosinase at $100{\mu}mol/L$ than F1 and arbutin. These results suggested that Ia decreased cellular melanin synthesis in B16BL6 cells through downregulation of tyrosinase activity. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the mass production of rare ginsenoside Ia from F1 using recombinant UDP-glycosyltransferase isolated from B. subtillis and its superior melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16BL6 cells as compared to its precursor. In brief, ginsenoside Ia can be applied for further study in cosmetics.