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Evaluation of layered and mixed passive treatment systems for acid mine drainage
Jeen, Sung-Wook,Mattson, Bruce Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 Environmental Technology Vol.37 No.22
<P>Laboratory column tests for passive treatment systems for mine drainage from a waste rock storage area were conducted to evaluate suitable reactive mixture, system configuration, effects of influent water chemistry, and required residence time. Five columns containing straw, chicken manure, mushroom compost, and limestone (LS), in either layered or mixed configurations, were set up to simulate the treatment system. The results showed that all of the five columns removed metals of concern (i.e. Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn) with a residence time of 15h and greater. Reaction mechanisms responsible for the removal of metals may include sulfate reduction and subsequent sulfide precipitation, precipitation of secondary carbonates and hydroxides, co-precipitation, and sorption on organic substrates and secondary precipitates. The results suggest that the mixed systems containing organic materials and LS perform better than the layered systems, sequentially treated by organic and LS layers, due to the enhanced pH adjustment, which is beneficial to bacterial activity and precipitation of secondary minerals. The column tests provide a basis for the design of a field-scale passive treatment system, such as a reducing and alkalinity producing system or a permeable reactive barrier.</P>
PONNUSAMY, Kannan,LEE, Sarah,LEE, Choong Hwan Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2013 Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol.77 No.4
<P>The microbial community and the metabolites of barley nuruk were studied to determine the time-dependent correlation between the fermentation of microbes and metabolites. Samples were analyzed by a polyphasic approach based on culture-dependent, culture-independent (PCR-DGGE and qPCR analysis), and metabolite analysis using GC-MS. Barley nuruk consists of varying amounts of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. The PCR-DGGE results showed that only one phylotype, Aspergillus oryzae, was predominant throughout fermentation, reaching a maximum on day 9. The bacterial load was higher on day 6 of fermentation, and then gradually decreased because of increased fungal activity. The shift in fungal and bacterial diversity observed by DGGE was further confirmed by qPCR analysis. In addition, microbes closely related to Pantoea agglomerans and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera appeared to play key roles in the fermentation of barley nuruk. GC-MS analysis combined with multivariate analysis, including PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA, showed fermentation time-dependent metabolite patterns. A total of 21 metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols, were identified. In particular, glycerol, malic acid, fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose were produced at the early fermentation stages (0-6 d), whereas glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, mannitol, and xylitol were produced during the latter stages of fermentation (9-18 d). Mixed culture fermentation was found throughout the natural fermentation of barley nuruk starter. Most likely, A. oryzae had a major role in saccharification, along with other mixed cultures.</P>
Xing, Zhi-Cai,Han, Seung-Jin,Shin, Yong-Suk,Koo, Tae-Hyung,Moon, Sungmo,Jeong, Yongsoo,Kang, Inn-Kyu Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2013 Journal of biomaterials science, Polymer edition Vol.24 No.1
<P>Hydroxyapatite (HA)-containing polymers have been proposed for improving the biological properties of bone cements. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has long been used to secure orthopedic implants to skeletal bones. The aim of this study was to determine whether the incorporation of HA nanoparticles into the PMMA nanofibrous scaffolds enhances the biological functions of osteoblasts. The number of osteoblasts adhered and proliferated on the PMMA/HA nanofibrous scaffolds was significantly larger than that on the PMMA alone. The cytoskeletal organization and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the osteoblasts on the PMMA/HA nanofibrous scaffolds were clearly higher than that on the PMMA control. The amount of calcium ions released from 20 wt% HA-containing PMMA nanofibrous scaffolds (PMMA/HA20) was much higher than that released from 10 wt% HA-containing PMMA nanofibrous scaffolds (PMMA/HA10) (HA, 10 wt%). These findings suggested that osteoblast differentiation was accelerated by the incorporation of HA into the PMMA nanofibrous scaffolds. Therefore, the incorporation of HA into the PMMA nanofibrous scaffolds could be a useful method. This can be used for providing PMMA scaffolds with enhanced osteogenic properties.</P>
Kang, Byung-Jae,Kim, Yongsun,Lee, Seung Hoon,Kim, Wan Hee,Woo, Heung-Myong,Kweon, Oh-Kyeong Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2013 Journal of biomaterials science, Polymer edition Vol.24 No.10
<P>Repair of bone defects is a difficult clinical problem for reconstructive surgeons. Bone tissue engineering using an appropriate scaffold with cells is a new therapy for the repair of bone defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro osteogenesis of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) cultured in a combination of collagen I gel and a porous serum-derived albumin scaffold. A serum-derived albumin scaffold was prepared with canine serum by cross-linking and freeze-drying procedures. Ad-MSCs were seeded into serum-derived albumin scaffolds with or without collagen I gel, and were exposed to osteogenic differentiation conditions in vitro. After 28?days of in vitro culture, the distribution and osteogenic differentiation of Ad-MSCs cultured in the scaffold were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and calcium colorimetric assay. Ad-MSCs showed more homogeneous distribution and osteogenic differentiation in the scaffold with collagen I gel than without collagen I gel. ALP activity and extracellular matrix mineralization in the construct with type I collagen were significantly higher than in the construct without type I collagen (p?<?0.05). In conclusion, the combination of collagen I gel and the serum-derived albumin scaffold enhanced osteogenic differentiation and homogenous distribution of Ad-MSCs.</P>
Park, Hyun-Jung,Shim, Hyun Soo,Kim, Kyung Soo,Han, Jeong-Jun,Kim, Jin Su,Ram Yu, A.,Shim, Insop Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2013 Nutritional neuroscience Vol.16 No.2
<P>Phosphatidylserine, a major acidic phospholipid in the brain, has been studied extensively in regard to its actions on brain functions. The present study examined the effects of Krill phosphatidylserine (Krill-PS) on the learning and memory function and the neural activity in the normal young rats.</P>
Nitric oxide suppresses L-type calcium currents in basilar artery smooth muscle cells in rabbits
Sharma, Naveen,Bhattarai, Janardhan Prasad,Hwang, Pyoung Han,Han, Seong Kyu Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2013 Neurological research Vol.35 No.4
<P>Nitric oxide (NO) is well known to be a vasodilator, and NO donor compounds are currently used for treating vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the action mechanism of cerebral vascular relaxation is not yet clear. L-type calcium channels have been determined to play an essential role in smooth muscle contraction. To investigate the role of L-type calcium channels in NO-induced relaxation of basilar smooth muscle cells, we examined the effect of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on calcium (Ca2+) currents using smooth muscle cells isolated from a rabbit basilar artery.</P>