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Cardiovascular Risk Is Elevated in Lean Subjects with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Kim Yuna,Han Eugene,Lee Jae Seung,Lee Hye Won,Kim Beom Kyung,Kim Mi Kyung,Kim Hye Soon,Park Jun Yong,Kim Do Young,Ahn Sang Hoon,Lee Byung-Wan,Kang Eun Seok,Cha Bong-Soo,Lee Yong-ho,Kim Seung Up 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2022 Gut and Liver Vol.16 No.2
Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity are independently associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the leading cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. Many NAFLD patients are lean, but their ASCVD risk compared to obese subjects with NAFLD is unclear. Methods: Data from the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database were analyzed (n=4,786). NAFLD was defined as a comprehensive NAFLD score ≥40 or a liver fat score ≥–0.640. ASCVD risk was evaluated using the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association guidelines. Results: The frequency of subjects without NAFLD, with obese NAFLD, and with lean NAFLD was 62.4% (n=2,987), 26.6% (n=1,274), and 11.0% (n=525), respectively. Subjects with lean NAFLD had a significantly higher ASCVD score and prevalence of a high ASCVD risk (mean 15.6±14.0, 51.6%) than those with obese NAFLD and without NAFLD (mean 11.2±11.4, 39.8%; mean 7.9±10.9, 25.5%; all p<0.001). Subjects with lean NAFLD and significant liver fibrosis showed a significantly higher odds ratio for a high risk for ASCVD than those with obese NAFLD with or without significant liver fibrosis (odds ratio, 2.60 vs 1.93; p=0.023). Conclusions: Subjects with lean NAFLD had a significantly higher ASCVD score and prevalence of high risk for ASCVD than those with obese NAFLD. Similarly, lean subjects with significant liver fibrosis had a higher probability of ASCVD than obese subjects in the subpopulation with NAFLD.
Iterative Relay Scheduling with Hybrid ARQ for Type-2 Relays
Yuna Lee,Sung-Ho Cho,Sung Sik Nam 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1
We propose an iterative relay scheduling with hybrid ARQ (IRS-HARQ) which realizes fast jump-in/successive relaying and subframe decoding to facilitate user equipment (UE or type-2) relays for next-generation cellular systems (e.g., LTE-Advanced), especially when operating in an open-loop and transparent mode. The proposed IRS-HARQ aims to increase the achievable data rate by iteratively scheduling a relatively better UE relay closer to the end user in a probabilistic sense, provided that the UE relay-to-end user link should be operated in an open-loop and transparent mode. The latter is due to the fact that not only there are no dedicated control channels between the UE relay and the end user but also a new cell is not created. Under this open-loop and transparent mode, we implement the IRS-HARQ by partially exploiting the channel state information, based on the overhearing mechanism of ACK/NACK for HARQ.
Yuna Lee,Seunggu Kang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.10
The crystallization behavior and microstructural change in glass-ceramics with a cordierite composition were analyzed as a function of concentration and etching time of the HF solution in order to enhance the degree of crystallinity of the glass. Compared to a specimen without etching, the glass frit specimens etched with HF solution showed increased crystalline peak intensities of the μ-cordierite phase in the XRD pattern. The crystal size in the glass matrix also increased with an increasing concentration of the HF solution for the etched glass frit. The crystal peak intensity of the α-cordierite phase in the glass-ceramics made with glass frit etched with 0.5-1.5 wt% HF solution had a slightly higher value than that of pure glass frit regardless of the etching time. The intensity of the specimen with etched glass frit with 3.0 wt% HF solution, however, was lower than that of the specimen of the pure glass frit. Obviously, for the glass-ceramics etched with HF solution of various conditions, the α-cordierite phase is more favorable for crystallization than the α-cordierite phase. This study revealed that the microstructure and ratio of the crystallinity of the α-cordierite phase over the α-cordierite phase in the obtained glass-ceramics could be controlled by changing the HF-etching conditions followed by a heat treatment process.
Study of Optimal Metalization Process for High Efficient n-TOPCon Solar Cells
Yunae Cho(조윤애),June Sung Park(박준성),Yong Jin Kim(김용진),Dohyung Kim(김도형),Sang Hee Lee(이상희),Kyung Taek Jeong(정경택),Min Gu Kang(강민구),Sungeun Park(박성은),Hee-eun Song(송희은),Hae-Seok Lee(이해석) 한국태양에너지학회 2023 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.4