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Application of cyclophosphazene derivatives as flame retardants for ABS
Young Jae Shin,Young Rok Ham,Sun Hee Kim,Dae Hee Lee,Sang Beom Kim,Chul Soon Park,Young Mi Yoo,Jin Gon Kim,권수한,신재섭 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.3
Cyclotriphosphazene derivatives were synthesized for use as a non-halogen flame retardant for ABS. Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene was reacted with phenol, catechol, or 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene,respectively, and the fire retardant ability of each product in ABS resin was characterized by UL 94 and LOI tests. The mechanical properties of ABS compounds containing one of these flame retardants were also examined. The derivative (HNCP) synthesized from 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene showed the best flame retardance among these derivatives studied. Synergistic effects with novolac were observed in the cases using the derivative (PNCP) obtained from phenol, but little synergistic effects were observed in cases using HNCP. 2010 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
( Young Rok Ham ),( Kwang In Park ),( Hong Jin Bae ),( Hyun Jun Ju ),( Won Ik Jang ),( Dae Eun Choi ),( Ki Ryang Na ),( Kang Wook Lee ),( Young Tai Shin ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Introduction: Among patients with end-stage renal disease owing to hemolytic uremic syndrome, 29.2% may have thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA) later. However, 0.8% of patients owing to other causes may develop TMA after transplantation. Post-transplant TMA is a complication of solid organ transplantation, which remains difficult to treat. In post-transplant TMA immunosuppressants are implicated in causing the disease. The calcineurin inhibitors(CNI) such as cyclosporin and tacrolimus are typical causative agents, but sirolimus(SIR) has also been associated with TMA. SIR is used in synergy with CNI as a potent immunosuppressive agent in solid-organ transplantation and in conversion from CNIs to less nephrotoxic immunosuppressant. An increase in the occurrence of TMA is reported with the combined use of SIR and CNI in solid-organ transplants. However improvement of post-transplant TMA by conversion from CNI to SIR was reported rarely. We report a case of improvement of post-transplant TMA after conversion from tacrolimus to SIR. Case: A 46-year-old woman with unknown cause ESRD underwent living related renal transplantation from her son. Surgery was uneventful, and she had a good urine output immediately after surgery. Renal function improved from pre-transplant serum creatinine 9.3 mg/dL to 0.68 mg/dL, 1 week after operation. Immunosuppressants were cyclosporin, mycophenolate and prednisolone. She complained of abdominal discomfort and serum creatinine increased to 2.99 mg/dL 2 week after transplantation. Acute humoral rejection was suspected on transplanted kidney biopsy (C4d positive). Plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin injection and rituximab were introduced to overcome acute humoral rejection. Cyclosporin was replaced with tacrolimus. Serum creatinine decreased slowly after treatments. TMA(many schistocytes on peripheral blood smear, hemoglobin 6.8 g/dL and platelet count 20,000/μL) appeared 1 week after conversion from cyclosporin to tacrolimus. Plasma exchange was continued and fresh frozen plasma was transfused. Tacrolimus was replaced with SIR. Microangiopatic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia recovered and serum creatinine was normalized 2 weeks after conversion from tacrolimus to SIR.
Microencapsulation of imidazole curing agent for epoxy resin
Young Rok Ham,Dong Ho Lee,Sun Hee Kim,Young Jae Shin,Minhee Yang,신재섭 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.5
An epoxy resin–imidazole system was used to form the adhesives for the anisotropic conducting film (ACF), and a latent curing system was necessary for the ACF. In this study, 2-phenylimidazole (2PhI) was encapsulated for the latent curing system. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as the wall material, and the solvent evaporation method was used to form the microcapsule. The effects of the ratio of 2PhI and PCL,and the effects of themolecular weight of PCL were investigated during the microcapsule formation. The amount of 2PhI in themicrocapsule was measured using TGA. The permeability of the microcapsuleswas measured in ethanol, and the shelf life of the microcapsules was also studied for the epoxy resin. The curing behavior was examined using DSC. In the curing reaction of the epoxy resin, the microcapsule of 2PhI exhibited a delayed kinetic behavior compared to pure 2PhI. This microcapsule of 2PhI exhibited a long shelf life, and the curing did not occur in this microcapsule–epoxy resin system at 20 8C for more than 30 days. 2010 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A comparison of some imidazoles in the curing of epoxy resin
Young Rok Ham,Sun Hee Kim,Young Jae Shin,Dong Ho Lee,Minhee Yang,Ji Hye Min,신재섭 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.4
An epoxy-imidazole resin system was used to form an anisotropic conducting film (ACF) for electronic equipment applications. In this study, the curing behaviors of an epoxy resin with imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4(5)-methylimidazole,and 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-ethyl-4(5)-methylimidazole were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the curing times were determined at 150 and 180 8C. The polymerization mechanism for the epoxy resin with imidazoles was examined, and the DSC results matched the mechanism. 2-Methylimidazole exhibited the fastest reaction time among the imidazoles used in this study.
A Case of Urine Leakage: An Unusual Complication after Renal Biopsy
Young Rok Ham,Kang Ryun Moon,Hong Jin Bae,Hyun Jun Ju,Won Ik Jang,최대은,나기량,이강욱,Young-Tai Shin 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2011 전남의대학술지 Vol.47 No.3
Renal biopsy is a crucial method in the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure of unknown origin, nephrotic syndrome, suspicious interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis as a possible cause of hematuria or proteinuria. Complications occur in 2% to 8% of patients after percutaneous renal biopsy. Complications include gross hematuria,perirenal hematoma, arteriovenous fistula, aneurysm, injury of other organs,and urine leakage. Urine leakage as a complication after kidney biopsy is rare. We experienced a case of urine leakage into the intra-abdominal cavity after renal biopsy.
An Early-Maturing, High-quality and High-yielding Rice Variety "Oraebyeo"
Jin Kwan Ham,Young Boum Shin,Youn Sang Cho,Jae Rok Kim,Soon Kwan Hong,Yong Bok Kim,An Soo Lee,Jong Goo Sa,Seong Kyung Kim,Jeong Ki Hong 한국육종학회 2007 한국육종학회지 Vol.39 No.4
"Oraebyeo" is mutation of a high quality japonica cultivar, Ilpumbyeoa new japonica rice(Oriza sativa L.) cultivar developed from by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) treatment on fertilized egg cell by the rice breeding team of Gangwon Provincial Agricultural Res. & Ext. Service in 2006. This variety heads 20 days earlier than Ilpumbyeo and similar to that of Odaebyeo an early maturing leading cultivar of northern plain area of Korea. Compared with Odaebyeo has a good semi-erect plant type with lodging tolerance due to much shortened plant hight(l2cm shorter than Odaebyeo). Oraebyeo has similar panicle number with Odaebye where as it has more spikelets per panicle. However, this variety less the ratio of ripened grains and 1,000 grain weight than those of Odaebyeo. The yield performance of this cultivar in milled rice was about 5.09MT/ha in local adaptability test conducted for three years 2002-2004 and 5.51MT/ha in the demonstration plot of farmer's field.
Simple method for the fabrication of 1-hydroxypyrene-imprinted TiO2 gel nanofilms
Do-Hyeon Yang,Young Rok Ham,Mee-Hye Oh,Yeo Seong Yoon,신재섭,김용대,김헌 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.2
In this study, 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP)-imprinted TiO2 gel films were prepared by spin coating. Incorporation of the template molecules and their removal were confirmed by UV–vis absorption spectra measurements. Guest selectivity of the 1-OHP-imprinted TiO2 film was estimated to be 1.6, 1.9, and 1.4 against benzoic acid (BA), 1-naphthol (1-NA), and 4-(phenylazo)benzoic acid (4-PABA)-imprinted TiO2 film, respectively. The 1-OHP-imprinted films demonstrated greater binding to 1-OHP than the reference imprinted films. Similar results were obtained with the BA, 1-NA, and 4-PABA-imprinted films, and their guest selectivity against the reference imprinted films amounted to 1.2–3.1 times greater. This result suggests that the binding cavity of the imprinted TiO2 gel matrices discriminates between molecular size, shape, and functional groups. Although much improvement is still needed, this imprinting process is a simple, useful, and less time-consuming way to prepare discriminative receptor cavities.