김교신의 무교회운동 재고: 그 목표와 한계

김용복(박사) ( Yong Bok Kim ) 한국복음주의신학회 2010 성경과신학 Vol.54 No.-

이 연구는 김교신의 무교회운동을 재평가하는 데 목적이 있다. 김교신에게 성서연구는 어떤 의미가 있었는가? 그는 그 연구결과를 자신의 삶에서 어떻게 실천했는가? 이 연구는 이런 질문들에 대한 답을 추구하는 과정에서 김교신의 무교회운동이 지향한 목표와 그 한계점을 살펴보았다.김교신의 무교회운동은 두 가지 목표를 가지고 있었다. 하나는 이 땅에 참된 성서적 기독교를 세우는 일이고, 다른 하나는 신앙적 인간을 양성하여 민족의 운명을 개척하는 것이었다. 김교신이 추구했던 “참된 기독교”는 다른말로 “전적 기독교” 혹은 “조선산(朝鮮産) 기독교”를 구현하는 일이었다. 일반적으로 이 운동의 특징은 세 가지로 평가되어왔다. 첫째, 그것은 반교권운동이었다. 그는 제도화된 교회들의 전통주의와 신조주의를 거부했다. 둘째, 이 운동은 조선산 기독교를 추구했던 반선교사운동이었다. 셋째, 이 운동은 서당식 성서연구와 [성서조선]의 발간을 통한 민중운동이었다. 김교신은 자신의 민족을 사랑했으며, 참된 기독교를 구현하려고 노력했던 헌신적인 그리스도인이었다. 조선산 기독교라 불렸던 그의 신앙운동은 한국교회의 대안운동으로 평가될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 실천적인 측면에서 볼때, 몇 가지 문제들도 있다: 첫째, 무교회운동은 성서를 선택적으로 받아들였다. 둘째, 무교회운동의 방법은 김교신 자신의 개인적 경험과 성서해석에 크게 의존되어 있었다. 셋째, 김교신의 성서연구는 민중보다 지성인들에게 적합한 것이었다. 넷째, 운동의 지성적 측면을 너무 강조했기 때문에, 김교신은 일제시대에 민중의 실제적인 문제들에 참여하는 일에 소극적인 경향이 있었다. The purpose of this study is to reappraise the non-church[無敎會] movement of Kim Kyo-Shin. What did it mean to study the Bible for Kim? And how did he practice the result of the study in his life? In pursuit of the answers of these questions, the goals of the non-church movement and its limitations will be investigated. Kim’s non-church movement had two goals. The first one was to establish the true biblical Christianity in Chosun, and the other was to pioneer the national destiny by educating the faithful Christian believers. The true Christianity for Kim Kyo-Shin was to realize “total[全的] Christianity” or “Chosunsan(朝鮮産) Christianity” and he pursued these goals by criticizing formalistic and authoritarian Chosun Christianity of his days. In general, the characteristics of this movement have been evaluated from three aspects. First, it was against the existing church’s authoritarianism. He rejected traditionism and creedalism in the institutionalized churches. Second, it was an anti-missionary movement, which sought to establish the Chosunsan Christianity. Third, it was the people’s movement through his “Seodang(書堂) Bible Study” and publication of [Sungseo Chosun] (聖書朝鮮) Kim Kyo-Shin was a devout Christian who deeply loved his country, and tried to establish Chosunsan Christianity. One can easily credit his faith-movement called Chosunsan Christianity as the alternative Christianity in Korea. However, there are some problems in practice: First, the movement was to read the bible in a selective way. Second, the method of the faith-movement depended largely on Kim’s personal experience and biblical interpretation. Third, his Bible study was not oriented for common people but for the intellectual. Fourth, he focused too much on the intellectual aspect of the movement, and thereupon tended to be passive in participating in physical matters of the people during the Japanese regime.

초음파를 이용한 액체내의 공기방울 포획현상에 관한 연구

김용석,이희복,김용복 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 과학교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

본 연구에서는 초음파에 의해 액체 내에서 공기방울을 포획하는 연구를 수행하였다. 초음파 진동자를 최소의 전력으로 구동하여 안정된 공기방울을 포획하기 위해서는 임피던스 매칭이 필요했다. 초음파진동자의 임피던스는 매우 크므로 임피던스 매칭을 위해 고주파 변압기와 인덕터를 제작하였다. 안정된 공기방울은 증류수를 100℃에서 10분간 끓여서 하루동안 서서히 냉각시켜 물속의 산소용존량이 0.3∼0.5㎎/ℓ일 때 포획되었다. 본 장치의 초음파 공진 주파수는 약 26㎑이었다. In this study the bubble captures phenomena by using supersonic transducers were investigated. The operating minimum power for supersonic transducers requires impedance matching for optimal capture of a stabilized bubble. Because the impedance supersonic transducers of was high, we made high frequency transformers and inductor for impedance matching. The stabilized bubble was captured in the distilled water which boiled at 100℃ for 10 minute and then cooled down for a day until the dissolution of oxygen reached at 0.3∼0.5㎎/ℓ In this experiment the frequency of the acoustic resonance appeared at about 26 ㎑.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

생체분해성 고분자를 이용한 사시수술용 제형개발 및 효용성에 대한 연구

민병무,김용백,김승영,김창식,박근성,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

A new device, muscle clamping system was developed to facilitate exact quatifying technique A strabismus surgery, and reduce the risk of complications. The device is composed of a lower fixing body with three jaws and an upper supporting body. They are used to clip an extraocular muscle and fix it to the sclera with a single bite. Superior rectus recession on 16 rabbit eyes were performed with this new device. Conjunctival injection, muscle adhesion strength, and light microscopic findings were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The Conjunctival injection were minimal, adhesion power ranged from 420 to 600 gram gravity, which is sufficient in withstand the normal pull of human extraocular muscle. In microscopic exam, some Inflammatory cells and fibrosis were found. The new device was technically easy, fast, and accurate, so it may be useful in stabismus surgery.

후설의 생활세계와 문명비판

김용복 光云大學校 1995 인문사회과학논문집 Vol.24 No.-

AbstractThe Pupose of this study is, first, to elucidate the concept of the Lift-World (Lenbenswelt) in Edmund Husserl's phenmenology, and, second, to explore the impliccative meaning of Husserl's Criticism of modern civilization so-called the crisis of science.The contents of this study are as follows :

과학 탐구학습에서 인터넷의 활용 방안

김준태,이희복,김용복 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1998 과학교육연구 Vol.29 No.1

본 연구에서는 인터넷을 통해 과학 개념을 학습하라 수 있는 방안을 연구하는 데 목적이 있다. 과학탐구학습에서 인터넷은 학습자에게 탐구학습자료를 제시하고 탐구 방법을 안내해 탐구학습을 촉진하는 역할을 한다. 인터넷을 활용한 과학 탐구학습 방법으로는 개별탐구, 과제분담형 탐구, 과제분담형 탐구 수행후 협동학습을 통해 탐구과정의 전부 또는 일부를 수행한다. 탐구학습용 인터넷 자료는 HTML과 정지화상으로 작성된 기본자료와 CGI와 자바로 작성된 상호작용형 자료, AVI, MPEC 형식의 비디오 자료, GIF형식 등으로 작성된 애니메이션 자료 등으로 구성된다. 인터넷을 통해 채팅, 포럼, 가상실험을 함으로써 탐구를 수행할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to find the internet inquiry learning model. The role of internet in inquiry learning is to facilitate students' learning by serving of learning materials and guiding of inquiry process. The patterns of internet inquiry learning are individual, jigsaw style and cooperating after jigsaw. Students can carry out the whole or partial internet inquiry learning process. The inquiry learning materials are composed of text HTML and still image, interaction data programmed by CGI and JAVA, video data prepared by AVI and MPEC format and animation data prepared by GIF format. The internet inquiry learning can be carried out by chatting, forum, virtual experiment with inquiry materials.

철학과 문학의 이음새 : Derida's Reading of Husserl's the Theory of Meaning 데리다의 후설 의미론 읽기

김용복 광운대학교 인문사회과학연구소 1996 인문사회과학논문집 Vol.25 No.-

信用狀의 性質

金容福 건국대학교 1979 樂圓誌 Vol.14 No.1

信用狀의 讓渡에 관한 小考

金容福 건국대학교 1978 學術誌 Vol.22 No.1

The transfer of the credit is available when beneficiary, in a position of a middleman, purchases goods from domestic supplier. The beneficiary guarantees the third parties the payment of proceeds by extending to them the right of claim in accordance with the credits opened by buyers. The first beneficiary can attain his share later on, by means of the substitution of invoice, by making the transfer of the credit minus his share. As explained above, the transfer of the credit is a specific way of transaction. At the same time, it is aimed at the streamlining of the transaction in which buyers open the credit designated as "transferable" for buying agent, thus making the agent select eligible exporters and transfer the credit to them. The credit can not be transferred in principle. In such cases mentioned above or for the streamlining of trade finance, however, the credit can be transferred on the terms and conditions under which the applicant has the right to do so. But the right given to the thirst beneficiary is the one to make an order of the transfer, not the one of the transfer itself. Accordingly, the beneficiary holds the initiative of the transfer, but the transfer to be made through the endorsement is invalid. This differs from the case of cession of an obligation. The beneficiary can exercise the right to make an older of the transfer. At the request of the beneficiary, banks can make the transfer of the credit. This paper largely deals with such problems as (1) the form and character of the transferable credit, (2) the obligation in the transfer, (3) the terms and conditions on the transfer of the credit, and (4) the transfer of the proceeds of the credit. In discussing such problems, emphasis is placed on the practice of the transfer of the credit and the uniform customs and practice for documentary credits.

과학 성취도에 영향을 미치는 전두엽 연합령의 기능에 대한 종단적 연구

김영신,권용주,박윤복,구수정,정완호 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 2000 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally analyze influences of functional prefrontal lobe on science achievement in middle school students. In this longitudinal study, 47 students(male 19, female 27) were sampled in local area. The students were administered test of GALT(group assessment of logical thinking), CTST(classroom test of scientific test), FIT(figural intersection test), GEFT(group embedded figural intersection test), TOL(tower of London), WCST(Wisconsin card sorting test) at December 1997 and 1999. It is substitute science achievement for science grade each year. The resulted that prefrontal lobe was influenced upon science achievement. Science achievement statistically significant correlated with functional prefrontal lobe, specially logical thinking level, scientific reasoning, perseveration error. And, the development of functional prefrontal lobe functions did not only linear, but also each function has differ with development speed and period. School science classroom was suited high level students. Who has been grade C and D in first-grade, they did not improved. A first-grade achievement effect on science achievement. And also scientific reasoning ability effect on science achievement.