Articulation Patterns of Children who Developed Articulation Disorders Associated with Ankyloglossia

박선영(Sun-Young Park),심선희(Sun-Hee Shim),장은실(Eun-Sil Jang),엄태훈(Tae-Hoon Eom),김영훈(Young-Hoon Kim),이순주(Soon-Ju Lee) 대한소아신경학회 2013 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.21 No.3

목 적 : 설소대와 조음장애의 관련성과 설소대 환아에서 조음장애 유무를 감별하는데 필요한 임상지침을 제시하기 위해 조음장애를 동반한 설소대 환아의 조음양상의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지 의정부성모병원 소아청소년과 외래를 방문한 124명의 환아 중 설소대를 제외한 다른 조음기관의 해부학적 이상, 신경학적 질환이나 발달/언어지연을 가진 46명의 환아를 제외한 총 78명을 설소대 유무에 따라 각각 환자군 23명과 대조군 55명으로 나누어 그림자음검사를 통해 조음양상을 비교분석하였다. 결 과 : 두 군에서 조음오류를 보인 자음유형에 따라 집계한 각 환자수는 연구개비음의 경우에만 차이를 보였다. 하지만 자음유형에 따른 조음오류의 환자별 관찰빈도수의 총합은 양순파열음, 연구개파열음과 연구개비음에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 조음오류의 변화유형에 따라 집계한 환자수는 두 군에서 차이를 보이지 않았다. 하지만 조음변화 유형에 따른 환자별 관찰빈도수의 총합은 환자군에서 전설음화와 마찰음화가 낮게 관찰되었고, 경음화와 격음화과 높게 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 설소대를 동반한 조음장애 환아의 일부에서 해부학적 이상을 동반하지 않은 기능적 조음장애 환아와 구별되는 특징을 보이는 결과를 관찰할 수 있었지만, 이를 설소대를 동반한 모든 조음장애 환아로 일반화할 수는 없었다. 따라서 설소대와 조음장애의 관련성은 여전히 논란의 여지가 있으며, 또한 수술적 치료를 포함한 설소대 치료를 결정하는데 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : We investigated articulation patterns in children with ankyloglossia who developed articulation disorders in order to determine the relationship between ankyloglossia and articulation disorders, and to clinically detect children who have articulation disorders associated with ankyloglossia. Methods : The participants of this study were 23 children with articulation disorders that accompanied ankyloglossia and 55 controls with functional articulation disorders independent of anatomical problems, who were admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2012. All children underwent speech-language pathologic evaluation using the Picture Consonant Articulation Test (PCAT; Young-Tae Kim, 1994). We retrospectively compared collected data between the subject and control groups using Fisher's exact test and odds ratio tests with a 95% confidential interval for categorical variables and the independent Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables. Results : The number of patients with articulation errors in the velar nasal was lower significantly only in the subject group (P =0.038). The total numbers of articulation errors in the bilabial plosive, velar plosive and velar nasal also were lower (P=0.007, P˂0.001, and P=0.034, respectively). There were no differences in the numbers of patients with articulation errors according to phonological changes between the two groups. However, the total numbers of fronting and frication were lower in the subject group (both P˂0.001), but the total numbers of plosivation and tensing were higher (P =0.002 and P =0.008, respectively). Conclusion : This study showed that the relationship between an articulation disorder and ankyloglossia is doubtful, although some results suggest that ankyloglossia may cause articulation errors only in certain individuals. Therefore, clinicians should be careful when determining the relationship between ankyloglossia and articulation disorders and use caution when making a treatment decision.

우울장애 환자에서 자살 시도와 트립토판 수산화 효소(Tryptophan Hydroxylase) A218C 유전자 다형성과의 관련성

심세훈,황보영,권영준,정희연,이분희,김용구 대한신경정신의학회 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.2

Objectives : Several lines of evidence suggest the serotonergic dysfunction involved in the biological susceptibility of suicide. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin, Plays a vital role in serotonin metabolism. In a case-control study, we investigated whether the TPH gene was a susceptible factor for suicidal behavior in depressive patients. Methods : The subjects were 218 depressed patients who attempted suicide and visited emergency rooms in multi-medical centers. One hundred thirty hospitalized non-suicidal depressed patients and the 161 normal controls were matched with the suicidal group. Individuals in all 3 groups were evaluated independently by a Structured Clinical Interview for the purpose of establishing a DSM-IV criteria diagnosis (SCID). The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated using Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). Results : There was no significant difference in genotype distributions and allele frequencies of TPH intron 7 A218C polymorphisms among 3 groups. Furthermore, no significant difference in genotype counts and allele frequencies of the polymorphisms was found among lethal suicidal depressed patients, non-suicidal depressed patients and the normal controls. Conclusion : This study suggests that the A218C polymorphism of the TPH gene is unlikely to have a major effect on the susceptibility of suicidal behaviors in depressive patients.

HMM에 의한 연속음성 인식 시스템의 구현

심장엽,김상범,김주성,김수훈,이영재,허강인 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1996 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.4 No.1

This paper is a study on the composition of Real-Time Continuous Speech Recognition System for Man-Machine Interface and it examines the posibility that applies to automatic system. The Continous Speech Recognition System is composed of Contivuous Distribution HMM model and algorithm of One Pass DP method. The System is composed so that it may detect start point and end point of speech data which are converted into samples by 10 KHz, 8 bit A/D whthin real time, then so that it may recognie them by one Pass DP method, display the result of recognition on PC monitor and at same time sent control data to Interface. HMM models are creadted by training for continuous speech samples which are control words, area names and digital sounds. In the result of experiment by Continuous Speech Recognition System, there are some kind of errors which are insertion, replacement and deletion of one syllable, but it examined the posibility that can by applied to Man-Machine Interface on automatic system if post-process is performed for recognition.

정신분열병 환자의 우울증에서 Paroxetine과 삼환계 항우울제 병용치료

심주철,공보금,박정환,윤영란,신재국,김정익,안동성,김용관,차인준,김영훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4

저자들은 마산동서병원에 입원중인 우울증이 동반된 정신분열증 환자 10명을 대상으로 사용중인 항정신병약물에 paroxetine과 저용량의 삼환계 항우울제를 6주간 병용투여한 후 우울증상에 대한 효과와 치료의 안전성 및 약물상호작용을 알아보았다. Paroxetine은 고정량의 항정신병약물과 삼환계 항우울제에 부가하여 일일 20㎎을 6주간 병용하게 하였으며, 임상상태는 HDRS, HARS, UKU Side Effect Rating Scale등의 평가척도를 사용하여 평가하였다. 또한 약동학적 약물상호작용은 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 HPLC로 측정하여 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 10명의 전체 대상환자에서의 HDRS 평균점수는 TCA와 paroxetine 병용투여 6주후에 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되었다. 이중 40%의 환자에서는 병용투여 6주후에 HDRS 점수상 50% 이상의 감소를 보여, 일부의 환자들에서는 정신분열병에 동반된 우울증상의 치료에 소량의 삼환계 항우울제와 paroxetine의 병용치료가 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 2) 두 명의 환자에게서 심각한 약물독성이 발생하였다. 이중 한 명은 삼환계 항우울제의 높은 혈중농도로 인한 항콜린성 위기(anticholinergic crisis) 소견을 보였으며, 다른 한 명은 인지기능 및 의식수준은 명료하였으나 망상과 환각증상이 약화되는 소견을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 시도된 복합적 약물치료의 경우, 삼환계 항우울제의 혈중농도의 측정을 포함한 세심한 임상적 추적이 필요하다고 생각된다. 3) 기저치의 amitriptyline과 그 대사물인 nortriptyline의 농도합. imipramine과 대사물인 desipramine의 농도합은 각각 47.8-226.5ng/㎖. 80.5-395.6ng/㎖였으며 일반적으로 이들 약물들의 단독사용시에 문헌에 보고된 혈중농도를 훨씬 상회하고 있었다. 이는 병용투여된 항정신병 약물 약시 강력한 CYP2D6 효소억제제로서 기저치의 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 이미 상당히 증가시켰던 것으로 판단되며, 그러한 결과로 인해 본 연구에서는 paroxetine이 이전의 문헌보고들과는 달리 뚜렷하게 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 증가시키지 못하였다. 본 연구는 SSRI와 삼환계 항우울제의 병합 투여가 우울증의 개선 효과를 빠르게 하고, 치료역을 넓히고, 약물상호작용의 결과 paroxetine이 삼환계 항우울제의 혈중농도를 증가시킨다는 기존의 연구결과를 이용하여 정신분열병 우울증상의 치료에 parotextine과 소량의 삼환계 항우울제를 병용하는 방법을 시도해 본 연구이다. 저자들은 이러한 약물치료가 일부의 환자들에게서 효과가 있음을 관찰하였으나, 항정신병약물과 삼환계 항우울제를 병용투여 할 경우는 물론 이에 paroxetine과 같은 선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제를 병용할 경우 복합약물상호작용의 결과로 약물독성의 위험성이 크며 세심한 주의가 필요함을 경험하였다. Depression is well-known to comorbid with several psychiatric disorders. Many schizophrenics also suffer from depression in the course of their illness. Combined therapy of SSRI and tricyclic antidepressants were reported to have benefits in some depressed patients. Paroxetine, a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor, increases the blood levels of tricyclic antidepressant markedly. Using paroxetine, we tried this combined therapy in the treatment of depressive symptoms in 10 chronic schizophrenic inpatients and evaluated its efficacy and drug interactions between paroxetine and tricyclic antidepressants. The following results were obtained : 1) The mean score of Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) was reduced significantly after 6 weeks-trials of this combined therapy for the mild depressive symptoms in 10 chronic schizophrenics. In four patients, 50% or more reductions in the scores of HDRS were noticed at final evaluation. 2) Two among our 10 subjects experienced severe toxic behavioral problems. Anticholinergic crisis with toxic confusion due to high blood levels of tricyclics was found in one patient and the other showed rapid clinical deterioration in his psychotic symptoms such as delusion and hallucination without any consciousness alternation. 3) Baseline plasma levels of tricyclics before adding paroxetine were higher than expected in our chronic schizophrenic subjects maintained with their antipsychotic medications. Several antipsychotics were also known as a potent CYP2D6 inhibitors and to increase the blood levels of tricyclics. Because the blood levels of tricyclics had already increased significantly by the use of antipsychotics, adding paroxetine to antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressant in our subjects could increase the blood levels of tricyclics not so much as previously reported in the literatures.

臺木 및 品種에 따른 矮性사과의 生育差異에 관한 硏究(第Ⅱ報)

沈慶久,安永熙,劉鍾勳 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1984 論文集 Vol.35 No.2

The introduction of dwarf apple growing in real terms in Korea has started from 1970. Nowadays, the cultivation area of dwarf apple trees has greately expanded, reaching 30% of total apple growing area in 1982 present. Many of the pomologists have interest in the growth habit of the dwarf apple trees but sy stematic studies on growth and flowering of them were not studied in detail. The present study was carried out to find out the effects of the most important dwarfing rootstocks; M.27, M.9, M.26, and MM.106 on their counter part scion cultivars; Fuji, Jonagold, Spur Earli Blaze, Starkrimson, Vista Bella, Oregon Spur, and Mutsu in their growth using 6-year-old apple trees. The results obtained were as follows. The tree height of Fuji on M.26 and on MM.106 were 288.60㎝, 291.20cm, respectively. The tree width of Fuji on M.26 and MM.106 were 328.20㎝, 292. 40cm, respectively. The tree height of Jonagold on M.26 were 256.20cm. The width of Jonaold on M.26 were 239.20cm. Therefore, a regardless of rootstocks, the tree height and width of Fuji cultivar were greater than those of Jonagold cultivar. The tree height, width, trunk circumference and number of shoots of Fuji on M.26 were greater than these of other scion cultivars on M.26. The Spur EarliBlaze on M.26 is superior to other cultivars in the number of flowers.

알콜리즘에서 Buspirone에 대한 Cortisol과 Prolactin 반응

심주철,이정구,김정익,이유철,김영훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

연구목적: 본 연구는 buspirone에 대한 cortisol과 prolactin 반응을 통해 알콜리즘에서 5-HT1A 수용체기능을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 알콜리즘 환자군은 DSM-IV의 알콜리즘 진단기준에 부합되고 금주기간이 최소 3개월 이상이며 우울 및 불안증상이 없는, 한 정신병원 알콜 센터에 입원한 22명의 남자 환자였다. 대조군은 정상성인 남자 15명이었다. 이들에게 오전 9시에 5-HT□ 효현제인 buspirone 30mg을 경구 투여한 후 0, 30 , 60, 90, 120, 150분의 혈청 cortisol과 prolatine 농도를 측정한다. 결과: 환자군과 대조군간에 cortisol 기저치에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Buspirone 투여 후 혈청 cortisol 농도는 정상대조군에서는 기저치에 비해 유의한 증가를 보였으나(p<0.01) 환자군에서는 유의환 증가가 없었다. 혈중 cortisol 농도는 buspiron 투여 60분 이후부터 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 저하되어 있었다(p<0.05). Buspirone에 대한 혈청 prolactin 반응은 환자군과 정상대조군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: Buspirone 투여 후 둔마된 혈청 cortisol 반응을 통해 알콜리즘에 5-HT1A 수용체 반응성이 둔마되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prolactin and cortisol responses to 5-HT1A receptor activation by buspirone in alcoholics. Methods: The subjects were twenty two male alcoholic patients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependency and abstaining for more than 3 months. Patients were free from overt anxiety and depressive symptoms. Controls were fifteen male normal volunteers, with no psychiatric and medical illness. Blood samples for the measurement of serum cortisol and prolactin levels were drawn 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes after oral administration of 30mg buspirone hydrochloride at 9:00a.m. Results: The baseline cortisol levels were not significantly different between alcoholics and controls. Serum cortisol levels of controls after buspirone administration were significantly increased over time(p<0.01), but those of alcoholics did not increased. After 60 minutes following buspirone administration, cortisol levels were significantly lower in alcoholics than in contrlos(p<0.05). Prolactin responses to buspirone were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Our results suggested that 5-HT1A receptor function is decreased in alcoholic patients.

Cathode materials of Li ion battery

심영재,문성인,형유업,도칠훈,윤문수 국립경상대학교 공과대학 부설 첨단소재연구소 1994 尖端素材 Vol.4 No.-

Li ion 2차전지는 높은 전지전압, 낮은 자기방전율, High Energy Density High Power Density Non-Toxic, No Memory Effect등의 우수한 특성을 보유하고 있고, 환경적인 측면에서 Lead Acid 전지 및 Ni/Cd 전지 등과 같은 Pb, Cd 및 Hg 등으로 인한 환경오염문제가 없는 고성능 신형전지로써, 92년에 SONY사에서 최초의 시제품을 내놓은 이래 현재 소형녹음기, 캠코더 및 셀룰라폰용으로 시판되고 있으나 세계적으로 Li ion 전지를 생산할 수 있는 회사는 일본의 몇몇 기업으로 한정되어 있는 실정이다.

노박덩굴(Celastrus orbiculatus)의 繁殖에 관한 硏究

沈慶久,安永熙,柳美先,劉鍾勳 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1984 論文集 Vol.35 No.2

Bittersweet(Celastrus orbiculatus) grown widely in the mountains of Korea is perennial, deciduous and climbing plant. They have strong vines, flower from May to June and mature in October. The red coloured fruits are beautiful, use as the cut-flower materials, and also as the food of birds. This is now considered worthwhile to exploit as an outstanding landscape plant. The objectives of this study were investigation of the suitable propagation methods, reaffirmation of the utility of mist room for softwood cuttings, influence of bed temperature for hardwood cuttings, and determination of the effectiveness of various rooting promotion treatments. The results obtained were summarized as follows. The germination rate was 70% when the period of stratification was 50 days. In softwood cuttings, the rooting percentage and rootlet number tended to be greater in closed moist chamber than those in mist rooms. The rooting percentage, rootlet number and length of root in the 25℃-bed temperature were higher than those in the bed of 20℃ or 30℃ in hardwood cuttings. Cuttings treated with IBA 1000ppm rooted better than those received other hormone treatments in hardwood and softwood cuttings.

만성 정신분열병 환자에서 지연성 운동장애와 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 연관성

심주철,반철식,성기수,이정구,정도운,정청,윤진상,김영훈 대한신경정신의학회 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.4

연구목적: 정신과 전문병원에 입원해 있는 만성정신분열병 환자들을 대상으로 첫째 지연성 운동장애의 유병율과 위험인자들을 조사하고, 둘째 지연성 운동장애와 정신분열병의 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 상관성을 조사하고자 한다. 방법: 연구대상자는 마산동서병원에 입원 중인 환자 중 DSM-IV의 정신분열별 진단기준에 부합하며, 최근 3개월 이상 동일 용량의 항정신병약물 복용한 271명(남자 174명, 여자 97명)의 환자들이었다. 지연성 운동장애에 대한 평가는 Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS)을 이용하였고, DSM-IV와 Sc-hooler와 Kane(1982)의 진단기준 양자에 부합하는 환자들만을 지연성 운동장애군으로 분류하였다, 정신 분열병 정신병리에 대한 평가는 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS)와 Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS)을 이용하였고, 인지기능에 대한 평가는 Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE)을 이용하였다. 결과: 지연성 운동장애의 유병율은 50.9%이었고, 50세 이상, 남자에서 높았다. 그러나 입원기간과 항정신병 약물의 일일 사용량에 따른 차이는 없었다. 지연성 운동장애의 호발부위는 혀, 상지, 입술과 입 주위의 순이었다. BPRS 총점 및 소항목 척도점수와 SDS 척도점수는 지연성 운동장애의 유무에 따른 차이가 없었다. MMSE 총점 및 소항목 점수도 지연성 운동장애의 유무에 따른 차이가 없었다. 결론: 평균입원기간이 9년 이상인 만성정신분열병 환자들에게서의 지연성 운동장애의 유병율은 50.5%이었고, 연령이 가장 의미있는 위험인자임을 확인했다. 만성정신분열병 환자들이 주 대상인 본 연구에서는 지연성 운동장애와 정신분열병의 음성증상 및 인지기능 장애와의 상관성은 입증하지 못했다. Objectives: The purpose of present study was to determine the prevalence rate of tardive dyskinesia and to search for its risk factors in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic subjects. We also examined the relationship between tardive dyskinesia and both negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in the same subjects. Methods: Subjects were 271 in-patients(174 males, 97 females) at Masan Dongsuh Hospital. They met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and had been taking fixed doses of antipsychotics for at least 3 months. Tardive dyskinesia was assessed by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). Cases of tardive dyskinesia were ascertained by the criteria of Schooler and Kane (1982) and DSM-IV. The rating of psychopathology was acquired using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS) and Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome(SDS) and the assessment of cognitive function using Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE). Results: The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia is 50.9% and the frequency of tardive dyskinesia was high est in male above the age of fifty. But there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of tardive dyskinesia and both the length of hospitalization and the daily dose of antipsychotics. The frequency order of abnormal movement in the patients with tardive dyskinesia was as follows : tongue, upper extremities, lips and perioral area. We couldn't find any significant difference in the total and subscale scores of BPRS between the groups with and without tardive dyskinesia. There were no differences in MMSE scores between the groups with and without tardive dyskinesia. Conclusion: This study gave us that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was high in chronically institutionalized schizophrenic inpatients and that age was the most significant risk factor of tardive dyskinesia. The relationship between tardive dyskinesia and both negative symptoms and cognitive impairment, however, was not revealed.

등칡(Aristolochia manshuriensis)의 繁殖에 관한 硏究

沈慶久,安永熙,柳美先,劉鍾勳 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1985 論文集 Vol.36 No.1

Aristolochia manshuriensis KOM. distributed in the northern parts of Kangweon Province centering Mt. Seorag in Korea is a vigorous and climbing vine. It has been used widely as one of ingredients of chinese medicine. The unusual flowers by virtue of their shape and hue are beautiful, flowered in May and matured in October. The large leaves are coarse in texture, and have been used as arbor, trellis, pergola, and pillar. Therefore, it is now considered as an excellent ornamental plants for Landscape. The objectives of this study were investigation of the suitable propagation methods, comparison of the influence of bed temperature for hardwood cuttings, and determination of the effectiveness of various rooting promotion treatments. The results obtained were as follows. The germination rate 53% when the period of stratification was 70 days. The rooting percentage, rootlet number, and length of root male plants are generally better than those of female plants. The female and male plants cuttings tended to have the largest root system in the 20℃-bed temperature. The female plants treated with 20℃, IBA 1000ppm and 25℃ IBA 1000ppm. The male plants treated with 20℃, IBA 500ppm rooted well.