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정신분열병 환자의 말초 임파구에서 도파민 수용체 mRNA의 변화
곽용태,최철희,김옥준,주연호,김형섭,강성숙,구민성,선우일남 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5
연구목적 : 정신분열병은 주로 청소년기에 발병하는 정신과에서 가장 흔한 질환 중의 하나이다. 이 질환의 원인이나 병인은 아직 불확실하지만 뇌 도파민계의 기능장애가 중요한 기전으로 생각되고 있으나 부검없이 뇌 도파민계를 직접 관찰할수 없으므로 많은 혼란이 있어왔다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 최근에 발견된 말초 임파구의 도파민 수용체를 이용하여 정신분열병에 있어서 말초 임파구 도파민 수용체가 뇌 도파민계의 기능을 반영하는 말초표식인자일 가능성이 있는지를 규명한다. 방 법 : 3년 이상 항정신병 약물을 복용중인 정신분열병 환자(약물투약군) 44명, 최근 3개월 이상 항정신병 약물을 복용하지 않은 환자(약물비투약군) 43명, 정상대조군 31명을 대상으로 말초 임파구의 D3, D5 도파민 수용체를 정량적 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응(quantitative reverse transcritpase polymerase chain reaction)을 이용하여서 정량 비교하였고, 또한 항정신병 약물을 복용하지 않은 환자들에 있어서 약물 투여 후 도파민 수용체의 변화 및 임상양상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) 말초혈액 임파구의 D3R/βA는 약물비투약군에서 정상대조군이나 약물투약군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 있게 증가되어 있었다. D5R/βA의 경우 약물비투약군이 약물투약군에서만 비하여 유의하게 증가되었다. 그러나 약물투약군과 정상대조군 간에는 도파민 수용체 mRNA(D3R/βA, D5R/βA)양에 있어서 차이가 없었다. 2) 항정신병 약물을 새로 투여하는 환자에서 항정신병 약물을 투여 후 임파구 도파민 수용체의 변화를 추적 관찰한 결과 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 3) 약물비투약군을 정상 대조군과 비교하여 D3R/βA mRNA가 정상범위에 속하는 군과 높은 군으로 나누어서 임상척도와 비교 분석한 결과 임파구 도파민 수용체가 증가한 군에서 다음과 같은 임상특징을 관찰할 수 있었다. (1) 정신병리증상이(BPRS) 현저하였다. (2) 약물치료에 대해 양성 정신병리증상(pBPRS)의 호전도가 낮았다. (3) 약물치료시 추체외로 부작용이 심하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 연구결과로 말초 임파구에서 발현되는 도파민 수용체는 정신분열병의 소군 분류 및 예후 예측에 있어서 임상적 의의가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 말초임파구에서 발현되는 도파민 수용체는 비록 이에 상응하는 뇌의 해부학적 위치는 알 수 없지만 중추신경계의 도파민 수용체의 기능을 반영할 가능성이 높다고 생각되었다. Objectives : Schizophrenia, commonly developed in adolescence and young adulthood, is one of the most common mental diseases in psychiatry. The etiology or pathogenesis of this disease is uncertain yet, but the dysfunction of dopaminergic system in the brain has been proposed. However, there is no direct evidence of dysfunction of brain dopaminergic systems in schizophrenic patients because the direct assessment of brain dopaminergic systems is almost impossible at present. To overcome this problem, recently founded dopamine receptors and their mRNAs in peripheral lymphocytes was used. The purpose of this study was to define whether the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes can be the peripheral markers of schizophrenia or not. Methods : The total numbers of subjects are 87 schizophrenic patients. Among them 44 patients were schizophrenics who had been taking antipsychotic drugs for more than 3 years(medicated patients), 43 schizophrenics who recently are not taken antipsychotic drugs for more than 3 months(drug-free patients). For controls age and sex matched 31 healthy persons were enrolled. Sequential reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the mRNA were used to investigate the expression of dopamine receptors in peripheral lymphocytes. The gene expression of dopamine receptors were compared in each groups and after starting antipsychotic medicines in drug-free patients, the clinical scales and the dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were sequentially studied before, 2 weeks after and 8 weeks after medication. Results : 1) In drug-free schizophrenics, D3 dopamine receptor mRNA expression of peripheral lymphocytes was significantly increased comparing with that of controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics and D5 dopamine receptor mRNA expression was increased comparing with only that of drug-medicated schizophrenics. There was no difference between controls and drug-medicated schizophrenics. 2) After antipsychotic medication, dopamine receptors of lymphocytes were increased tendency. 3) Drug-free patients were divided into two groups according to dopamine receptor expression in controls to evaluate the significance of increased dopamine receptor expression. The group of patients with increaseddopamine receptor expressio had following clinical characteristics. (1) More severe psychiatric symptoms (2) Poor pharmacological response of pBPRS on medicines (3) Severe extrapyramidal side effects after pharmacological treatment Conculsion : These results revealed that the molecular biologically determined dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocytes were reactive, and increased expression of dopamine receptor in peripheral lymphocyte had clinical significance for subgrouping and prognostication. These findings suggested that dopamine receptors of peripheral lymphocyte may represent dopamine receptors of the brain, even the location cannot be determined.
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접형동, 뇌하수체병변 수술을 위한 경비중격접형동 접근법에 대한 연구
장철호,송영창,곽기용 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1996 圓光醫科學 Vol.12 No.1
Early attempts to remove pituitary tumors included a transcranial approach that was impeded by numerous anatomic obstacles like the cavernous sinus, the carotid artery, and the optic chiasm. Nearly every pituitary tumor can be exposed and removed through the nasal septum. Advances in physics and biochemistry have supported substantial improvements in diagnosis and management so that transseptal transsphenoidal approach is one of the most predictable operations performed for pituitary tumor. The sublabial transseptal approach(Hardy) should access to the septal spaces and the sphenoid sinus, working entirely under the lip. However, working into the nose from a low angle under the canopy of the orbicularis oris muscle does restrict visibility at the point surgeon needs it most, over the premaxillar wings. In 1990, we began performing the entire septal dissection through a septal hemitransfixation incision, saving the sublabial incision until later in the operation when we wanted to insert the nasal speculum. This modified approach improved our ability to elevate the mucoperichondrium from the anterior-inferior regions of the septum in the premaxillary region without perforation. The nasal spine ceased to be an issue because it was no longer in the way. We studied 10 cases of modified transseptal transsphenoidal approach to pituitary tumor and other lesions during a period of 6 years between September. 1990 and October, 1996.
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진화 알고리듬을 위한 객체지향 모델링과 클래스 라이브러리 구현
정호연,이수연,곽재승,김용주,박기태,현철주 한국경영과학회 2000 經營 科學 Vol.17 No.2
In evolutionary algorithm, there exist various models for the evolution of the population with respect to schemes and strategies for reproduction, in the application of the algorithm to a specific problem, one model suitable to the problem is to be properly chosen and a program expert or a software is needed to help implement and test a designed algorithm. In this study, object oriented modeling and the class library for simple evolutionary algorithms(SEA) with one population is developed. The library proposed here can be used as a generalized tool for solving problems in a wide range of domains.
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Kwak, Jae-Yong,Kim, Sung-Hyun,Oh, Suk Joong,Zang, Dae Young,Kim, Hawk,Kim, Jeong-A,Do, Young Rok,Kim, Hyeoung Joon,Park, Joon Seong,Choi, Chul Won,Lee, Won Sik,Mun, Yeung-Chul,Kong, Jee Hyun,Chung, Jo American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Clinical Cancer Research Vol.23 No.23
<P><B>Purpose:</B> Radotinib is a second-generation BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved in Korea for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) in patients newly diagnosed or with insufficient response to other TKIs. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radotinib as first-line therapy for CML-CP.</P><P><B>Experimental Design:</B> This multinational, open-label study assigned patients (1:1:1) to one of two twice-daily radotinib doses, or imatinib daily. The primary endpoint was major molecular response (MMR) by 12 months.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Two hundred forty-one patients were randomized to receive radotinib 300 mg (<I>n</I> = 79) or 400 mg twice-daily (<I>n</I> = 81), or imatinib 400 mg daily (<I>n</I> = 81). MMR rates by 12 months were higher in patients receiving radotinib 300 mg (52%) or radotinib 400 mg twice-daily (46%) versus imatinib (30%; <I>P</I> = 0.0044 and <I>P</I> = 0.0342, respectively). Complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) rates by 12 months were higher for radotinib 300 mg (91%) versus imatinib (77%; <I>P</I> = 0.0120). Early molecular response at 3 months occurred in 86% and 87% of patients receiving radotinib 300 mg and radotinib 400 mg, respectively, and 71% of those receiving imatinib. By 12 months, no patients had progression to accelerated phase or blast crisis. Most adverse events were manageable with dose reduction.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> Radotinib demonstrated superiority over imatinib in CCyR and MMR in patients newly diagnosed with Philadelphia chromosome–positive CML-CP. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01511289. <I>Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7180–8. ©2017 AACR</I>.</P>
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Kwak, Chung-Shil,Lee, Mee-Sook,Lee, Hae-Jeung,Whang, Jin-Yong,Park, Sang-Chul The Korean Nutrition Society 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.3 No.2
Recently, we found and analyzed vitamin $B_{12}$ in some Korean traditional plant foods which had not reported, yet. This study was to investigate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and its dietary sources and the vitamin $B_{12}$ status in the very old elderly Koreans. We measured serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level and estimated the amounts of vitamin $B_{12}$ intake from different dietary sources in female elderly Koreans aged 85 and over who had consumed a relatively low animal traditional diet for the whole life. The average age of the subjects (n = 127) was 98.0 years (85-108 years). The assessment on energy and nutrient intake involved a one-day 24-hour recall, and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Overall diet pattern was not different between the 85-99 yr-old group and centenarians, except centenarians were taking more dairy product. The average ratio of plant food to animal food consumption was 87.5:12.5 in weight. The average vitamin $B_{12}$ intake of our subjects was 3.2 ${\mu}g$, and 52.7% of subjects consumed under estimated average requirement, 2.0 ${\mu}g$/day. On dietary source, 67.3% of dietary vitamin $B_{12}$ was from meat, eggs and fishes and 30.6% was from plant foods, such as soybean-fermented foods, seaweeds, and kimchi. The average serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration was 450.5 pg/mL, and low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (< 200 pg/mL) was found in 9.6% of subjects. Dietary vitamin $B_{12}$ intake was significantly lower in subjects with low serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (0.79 ${\mu}g$/day) than those with normal serum vitamin $B_{12}$ (3.47 ${\mu}g$/day). There were no significant difference in vitamin $B_{12}$ intake and its dietary sources and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ level between the 85-99 yr- old group and centenarians. In conclusion, several plant-origin foods including seaweed, soybean-fermented foods, and kimchi, may contribute significantly to good vitamin $B_{12}$ status in very old elderly Koreans.
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곽효성,한영민,임영수,전수빈,이상용,정경호,김종수,손명희,최기철 의과학연구소 1998 全北醫大論文集 Vol.22 No.1
1. Purpose : To evaluate of the effectiveness of bronchial arterial embolization acdording to the causess of hemoptysis. 2. Materials and methods : This study included 39 patients who had undertaken arterial embolization for the control of hemyptysis. The patinets were classified 1. Purpose: To evaluate of the effectiveness of bronchial arterial embolization according to the causes of hemoptysis. 2. Materials and methods: This study included 39 patients who had undertaken arterial embolization for the control of hemoptysis. The patinets were classified into the three groups: pulmonary tuberculosis (n=22), idiopathic bronchiectasis (n=10), lung cancer (n=7). Gelfoam particle were used as embolized material for all patients. And only for two patients, embolization coil was interpolated. The period of follow-u[ was from 1 to 66 months after arterial embolization. Immediate results were assessed based on careful observation of patients for 1 month after arterial embolization: success, indicating complete cessation of hemoptysis for 1 month: and fail, indicating continued hemoptysis or recurrent hemoptysis within 1 month. Long-term results were evaluated in patients with immediate success who could be followed for at least 1 month. Patients were classified into the three categories: complete remission, indicating complete cessation of bleeding during the observation period : partial remission, indicating complete cessation of hemoptysis with recurrent bloody sputum during the observation period : and recurrence, indicating recurrent hemoptysis. 3. Results : immediate success rate was 76.9%(30/39), and as classified into the causes, idiopathic bronchiectasis 90.0% (9/10), pulmonary tuberculosis 81.8% (18/22), lung cancer 42.9%(3/7). Long-term results in the causes of idiopathic bronchiectasis showed a high remission rate (77.8%), a low recurrence rate (22.2%). In pulmonary tuberculosis, remission rate was 70.8%m recurrence rate was 29.4%. No recurrence was observed in the cases of success of the lung cancer. During and after embolization, the complications were mild chest pain 1 or fever, which relieved spontaneously within a few days. 4. Conclusion : The benign diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis and idiopathic bronchiectasis showed a high immediate success rate and a high long-term remission rate. The lung cancer showed a low immediate success rate. But during observation period, lung cancer showed no recurrence. (Key Words : Lung, hemorrhage, therapeutic, blockade)
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