A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

급결제 및 혼화제 종류가 숏크리트 내구성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

백신원,권소진,이영수,김의성,신용석 한국안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Concrete and shotcrete should withstand the conditions for which they have been designed, without deterioration, over a period of years. But concrete and shotcrete are being deteriorated according to aging by internal and external causes. Recently, many studies on the durability of concrete have been conducted. But the durability of shotcrete is rarely studied. So, in this study, chloride ion penetration test, freeze and thaw test, neutralization test were conducted to examine the durability characteristics of shotcrete with several accelerator and chemical admixture types. These results indicate that shotcrete with alkali free accelerator and with superplasticizer are durable. Therefore, the present study provides a firm base to make high performance shotcrete.

패션산업계 조직의 직무특성이 패션 디자이너의 임파워먼트에 미치는 영향

장소영,신용주 동덕여자대학교 디자인연구소 2008 디자인포럼21 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of job characteristics in fashion business on empowerment of fashion designers. Research on empowerment has been largely conducted in the field of business and management in Korea. However, in the fashion industry, studies related to empowerment of designers did not receive much attention. Due to current economic crisis, many domestic fashion brands are going out of business. It is believed that effective human resource management can play a crucial role in overcoming the ongoing economic challenges. This study examined the effects of two major factors (skill variety and task identity) of job characteristics in fashion industry on 4 factors(meaningfulness, competence, self-determination, and impact) of empowerment. Among 200 questionnaires distributed, data from 163 subjects were collected and analyzed using SPSS 10.0 program. The analysis revealed that both factors of job characteristics had clear, positive(+) relationships with all factors of empowerment. In particular, the study also found that the job characteristic factor, feedback, had the strongest, positive(+) relationship with empowerment of designers. 그 동안 우리나라에서 리더십과 임파워먼트에 대한 연구가 경영학계를 중심으로 활발하게 진행되어 왔으나 패션업계에서의 이와 관련된 연구는 전무하다 볼 수 있다. 근래 불황의 여파로 국내 패션 브랜드가 어려움을 겪고 있는 상황에서 미래 기업의 성장 원동력인 인적 자원의 효율적 개발과 활용에 대한 관심이 증가했다. 어느 조직에서나 조직 구성원의 임파워먼트를 고취시킴으로써 개인은 물론 조직의 발전도 도모할 수 있다. 오늘날과 같이 패션계가 어려운 시기에 패션계 종사자들의 임파워먼트를 증진시키는 방안의 개발은 패션산업의 불황을 극복하기 위한 경영의 핵심 전략이 될 수 있다. 아울러 크고 작은 규모의 우리나라 패션기업의 열악한 조건에서 근무하는 종사자들의 사기를 고양시키는 직무개발에 대한 시사점을 제시한다. 본 연구는 패션계 근무자 중 디자이너 들을 대상으로 패션조직의 직무특성이 이들의 임파워먼트에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 총 200부의 설문지 중 163명의 유효 표본을 대상으로 SPSS 10.0 프로그램을 이용하여 실증분석을 실행하였다. 기능다양성 및 피드백의 2 가지 하위요인으로 구성된 직무특성과 디자이너의 임파워먼트 간의 상관관계에 관한 가설을 검증한 결과 기능다양성과 피드백의 2개 요인은 의미성, 유능감, 자기결정력 그리고 영향력 등 임파워먼트의 모든 요인과 정 (+)의 상관관계를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 직무특성의 요인 중에서는 특히 피드백이 디자이너의 임파워먼트에 가장 큰 정 (+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Lithium 및 數種 睡眼劑가 家兎 血中酒精濃度에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

金稔,愼鏞建,李起蘇,白尙昌 大韓神經精神醫學會 1972 신경정신의학 Vol.11 No.4

Lithium has been lately used in the manic-depressive psychosis and other psychotic excitements. Barbiturates have long been widely used as the hypnotics. Non-barbiturate hypnotics such as nitra-zepam and glutethimide has also been used in increasing frequency. It has been lately reported that lithium elevated significantly blood alcohol level in rabbits and that lithium prolonged significantly drug-induced sleep time. In view of these findings, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate the effects of some barbiturate and non-barbiturate hypnotics, or in combination with lithium, on blood alcohol level in rabbits. Material and Method 1. The experimental work was done with mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing from 2.0kg to 3.0kg. 2. The experimental animals were devided into two groups; control and exprimental group. 3. Control group had two subgroups; alcohol alone group and alcohol+lithium group. And experimental group was devided as follows; alcohol+barbiturates group, alcohol+non-barbiturates group, alcohol+lithium+barbiturates group, alcohol+lithium+non-barbiturates group. (In this study, thiopental sodium, pentothal sodium and amobarbital sodium are barbiturates used, and nitrazepam and glutethimide are non-barbiturates used.) 4. To the experimental animals, hypnotics were administered into marginal ear vein by intravenous injection, or into gluteal muscle by intramuscular injection, or orally in capsules. 5. In alcohol+bariturates group: One among thiopental, pentothal and amobarbital sodium was given intravenously 20mg/kg of body weight, intravenously or intramuscularly at 10minutes before and just before alcohol administration. In alcohol+non-barbiturates group: It was given orally either 1mg of nitrazepam/kg or 50mg of glutethimide/kg of body weight at 30minutes before alcohol administration. 6. Lithium chloride solution, 6.3%, was given in a dose of 3.0mEg/kg of body weight daily for 4 days by intravenous route. The last dose was given 1 hour before alcohol administration. 7. In all groups, 20 vol.% ethanol solution was given intravenously in a dose of 5.0ml/kg of body weight in 5 minutes. 8. Blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration. 9. Blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett's method. Results 1. Alcohol+barbituates group: a) In alcochol+thiopental sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (p<0.05 or less). b) In alcohol+pentothal sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group except those in both 30 minutes after alcohol administration by intravenous route just before or at 10 minutes before alcohol administration (p<0.05 or less). c) In alcchol+amobarbital sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (P<0.05 or less). 2. Alcohol+non-barbiturates group: In either nitrazepam or glutethimide subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in these subgroups showed statistically no significant change, comparing with these in alone group (P>0.05). 3. Alcohol+lithium group: Blood alcohol levels in this group were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (P<0.05 or less). 4. Alcohol+lithium+barbiturates combined group: a) In thiopental sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group, and showed also statistically significant change comparing whith those in thiopental sodium alone subgroup(P<0.05 or less). b) In pentothal sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantlly higher than those in lithium alone group except the group in which pentothal sodium was given 30 minutes before alcohol administration intramuscularly, and showed also statistically significant change comparing with those in alcohol+pentothal sodium subgroup except the subgroup in which pentothal was given either intravenously at 10 minutes before alchol administration, or pentothal sodium was given by intramuscularly just before alcohol administration (Both 30 minutes value: P<0.05 or less). c) In amobarbital sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group except the group amobarbital sodium was given by intravenous route 30 minutes before alcohol administration (10 minutes value), and showed also statistically significant change comparing with those in amobarbital sodium alone group except that the group amobarbital sodium was given by intravenous route at 30 minutes before alcohol administration (30 minutes value; P<0.05 or less). 5. Alcohol+lithium+non-barbiturates group: In either nitrazepam with lithium combined subgroup or glutethimide with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in these subgroups showed no statistically significant change, comparing with those in lithium alone group (P<0.05), but the alcohol levels were all significantly higher than those in nitrazepam or glutethimide alone subgroup respectively except 10 minutes value of glutethimide alone subgroup (P<0.05 or less). Conclusions 1. The intravenous injection of lithium chloride in a dose of 3.0mEq/kg/day for 4 days elevated significantly blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration. 2. Thiopental sodium, pentotal sodium and amobarbital sodium in barbiturate hypnotics elevated significantly in general on blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration. 3. Nitrazepam or glutethimide (non-barbiturate hypnotics) did not elevate statistically significant on blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration. 4. Thiopental sodium, penthal sodium and amobarbital sodium (barbiturate hypnotics) when given to lithium treated rabbits elevated significantly in general on blood alcohol level respectively at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration, comparing with lithium alone group, or thiopental sodium, pentothal sodium and amobarbital sodium subgroups. It seems that there exists synergic or potentiating effect in these cases. 5. Nitrazepam or glutethimide with lithium did not elevate blood alcohol level at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration comparing with that lithium alone group. but generally showed significant elevation of blood alcohol level then comparing with that nitrazepam or glutethimide alone subgroup. It is suggestive of the fact that lithium alone effect the blood alcohol level in these cases.

중증 흡연자들의 금연 성공과 관련된 흡연행태와 심리상태

곽찬용(Chan-Yong Kwak),박종혁(Jong-Hyock Park),김소영(So Young Kim),이상익(Sang Ick Lee),신철진(Chul-Jin Shin),손정우(Jung-Woo Son),주가원(Gawon Ju),김시경(Siekyeong Kim) 한국중독정신의학회 2018 중독정신의학 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting smoking cessation rate of heavy smokers. Methods : Typically, 81 participants enrolled in the smoking cessation camp at Chungbuk National University Hospital from April 2016 to November 2016 were included in the present study. The psychological factors related to group classification and the factors related to the success of smoking cessation were analyzed. Results : After 24 weeks of leaving the camp, 57 out of 81 participants successfully quit smoking and 24 failed in doing so. In the successful group, depression scale, stress scale, and various smoking-related factors exhibited intercorrelation and in the failure group, no significant correlation was observed. However, a comparison of correlation coefficients showed no significant difference. In addition, smoking cessation success rate was low when exhaled CO concentration was high at the time of admission when the smoking initiation age was juvenile, and when the smoking type was A (stimulus seeking type). Conclusion : Exhaled CO concentration at the time of admission, smoking initiation age, and smoking type A (stimulus seeking type) were associated with smoking cessation success.

글리옥살 처리 면직물의 첨가제에 의한 백도 증진

신인수,김용태,이의소,Shin, In-Soo,Kim, Yong-Tae,Lee, Eui-So 한국섬유공학회 2008 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.45 No.5

Cotton fabrics were treated with glyoxal for a nonformaldehyde durable-press finish by a pad-dry-cure method. $MgCl_{2}/citric$ acid mixture or $Al_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}$ were used as a catalyst. The effects of additives such as sodium tetraborate decahydrate (STB), sodium peroxoborate tetrahydrate (SPB), and sodium chlorite (SC) were examined. The additives improved the whiteness and strength retention of the treated fabrics. SPB was superior to STB for the whiteness and strength retention. SC was better than either SPB or STB in the wrinkle recovery angles (WRA) and strength retention while the whiteness was similar to that of SPB or STB. SC was more effective for improving the whiteness and strength retention when it was used together with sodium phosphate monobasic.

사람 신장의 근위세뇨관상피세포에서 Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1의 발현에 대한 Endothelin-1의 효과

김형욱,이명자,김소양,신영신,양철우,진동찬,김용수,장윤식,방병기 대한신장학회 2003 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.22 No.6

백혈병환자에서 Liposomal Amphotericin B로 치료된 파종성 Fusarium 감염 1예

이지연,김성범,박대원,신성희,김용현,윤소영,엄중식,최철원,정희진,김우주,김준석,김장수,이갑노 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.5

Fusarium spp.는 사람에서 드물게 각막염, 조갑진균증, 상처나 화상부위감염 등을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 최근에는 면역저하자에서 기회감염의 원인균으로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 면역저하자에서 파종성 감염이 있는 경우에 예후는 치명적이나, 증례가 많지 않고 진단방법이 제한되어 있어 조기 진단과 신속한 치료가 쉽지 않다. 그러나 특징적으로 피부병변의 동반이 흔하여 면역저하자에서는 피부 병변의 면밀한 관찰과 함께 Fusarium 감염을 조기에 의심하여 피부생검이나 배양을 하는 것이 진단에 도움이 되리라 생각된다. 파종성 Fusarium 감염의 치료로는 감염 부위의 국소적 외과적 절제와 전신적 항진균제의 사용이 필요하고 현재까지는 amphotericin B가 비교적 효율적인 항진균제로 알려져 있으나 면역저하자에서 이에 반응을 하지 않는 경우가 많다. 저자들은 급성골수성백혈병 환자에서 관해유도화학요법 시행 후 호중구감소상태에서 피부병변과 폐침윤이 발견되었고 피부의 중심부 궤양을 동반한 구진성 병변에서 배양검사를 통해 파종성 Fusarium 감염을 진단하였으며 liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome )를 사용하여 성공적으로 치료한 예를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다. Fusarium spp., basically a superficial pathogen, is a newly emerging fungal pathogen of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. At present, although Fusarium spp. are relatively resistant to amphotericin B, the combination of amphotericin B and surgical debridement appear to be optimal treatment for disseminated infection. Recently we experienced a 32-year-old neutropenic patient after induction chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia presented with skin lesions and infiltrations in both lungs. We diagnosed with disseminated fusariosis by skin culture and successfully treated the patient with liposomal amphotericin B. We emphasize a high index of suspicion for skin lesions especially in immunocopromised patients.

관상동맥내 스텐트 시술시 Aspirin과 Cilostazol 2개월 병합요법

윤명호,탁승제,염철훈,장혁재,최소연,유상용,안성균,고종훈,신준한,김한수,최병일 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.8

External validation of risk prediction platform for pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy using artificial intelligence

So Jeong YOON,Jin-Young JANG,So Kyung YOON,Ji Hye JUNG,Sang Hyun SHIN,Jin Seok HEO,Yong Chan SHIN,Chang-Sup LIM,In Woong HAN 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.-