香港幼稚園非華語學生的中文教學:沉浸教學的定位 與教學建議

Che-ying Kwan 단국대학교 한문교육연구소 2021 International Han-character Education Research Vol.4 No.1

본고의 목적은 홍콩 교육국이 발행한 비화교 학생들의 중국어 학습에 관한 문서를 소개한 후 성공적인 몰입교육에 대한 원칙이 있는지 조사하기 위함이다. 선행 연구 고찰에서 중국어를 제2외국어로 가르치는 원리 유도, 기원 및 교원 제공. 비계 이론, 포괄적인 입력 가설 및 출력 가설뿐만 아니라 몰입 교습의 4단계 및 관련 교수 전략을 논하였다. 또한 아동을 대상으로 한 제2외국어 학습의 적절한 교육 전략을 해석하고. 몰입 교육의 실행 과정에서 교사들은 우선 진행되고 있는 몰입 수업의 오류를 인식한 후, 몰입수업의 개념과 실천을 확정하고, 수업의 각종 효과적인 수업전략을 생각하며, 간략한 "PRAISE" 등 4가지 소통전략 등을 견지해야 한다. 몰입교육을 추진할 때, 교사의 수업 목표가 명확해야 하며, 교수전략은 적절하고 효과적이어야 하며, 계획내용은 전반적 고려를 필요로 하며, 행정 방면에서 학교측의 지원과 협조가 필요하다. 이런 것들은 모두 몰입교육 성공의 요소이다. The purpose of this article is to, by introducing documents on learning Chinese by non-Chinese speaking students issued by Hong Kong Education Bureau, investigate whether following principles are relevant to successful immersion teaching: inducting principles of teaching Chinese as a second language from literature review, offering origins and pertinent research of immersion teaching, interpreting the Four Stages and pertinent teaching strategies of second language learning by children, as well as the theory of scaffolding, comprehensive input hypothesis and output hypothesis. It is envisaged that, in the process of the implementation of immersion, teachers should: realize the misunderstanding of immersion teaching, ascertaining its positioning, thinking about various effective classroom teaching strategies and insisting on“ PRAISE”the teacher-student communication strategy and others in order to advance teaching effectiveness in teaching Chinese language for non-Chinese speaking students. In achieving success for implementation of immersion , teachers should have clear objectives, effective and pertinent teaching strategy, a comprehensive and thoroughly conceived planning together with administrative support and coordination provided by the school concerned.

非華語學童認讀漢字硏究

( Che Ying Kwan ),( Siu Kwai Yeung ) 한국한자한문교육학회 2014 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.34 No.-

본 연구는 홍콩에 있는 12곳의 유치원에서 한자 인지 독해 정도를 실험한 것이 다. 이 연구의 목적은 중국인 학생들과 비중국인 학생들이 한자를 인지하고 독해 하는데 차이가 있음을 살펴보고, 비중국인 학생들에게 중국어 교육을 시행하는데 있어 교육용 한자가 지니고 있는 영향 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 비중국인 학생 들이 12곳의 유치원에서 접하게 되는 언어(광동어)의 시간은 매주 가장 많게는 840분이었으며 가장 적게는 150분이었다. 실험을 통해 우리는 같은 반에 있는 학 생들 사이에서도 한자에 대한 인지와 독해 능력에 매우 큰 개별적 차이가 있음을 발견하였다. 통계를 통해 알 수 있듯이, 비중국인 학생들과 중국인 학생들의 한자 인지와 독해 능력에 대한 실험 결과는 확실한 차이를 보이고 있다. 광동어를 비교 적 많이 사용하는 세 곳과 영어를 기본적으로 많이 사용하는 대부분의 학교와의 비교에서는 학생들의 한자 인지와 독해에 큰 차이를 보이지 않고 있다. 다만 완전 히 영어만을 사용하는 한 곳의 학교의 유치원과 비교해 보면 학생들이 인지하고 사용하는 한자의 수량에 차이가 있었다. 또한 이 연구를 통해 비중국인 학생들은 이전에 써보았던 한자를 인지하고 독해하는 능력이 중국인 학생들보다 낮았으며, 쓸 수 있다고 하여 반드시 소리 내어 읽을 수 있음도 아니기 때문에 교사들의 더 많은 주의가 필요하다라는 사실을 발견하였다. The research is intended to conduct a recognition test of Chinese characters on the children of 12 kindergartens in Hong Kong. Its objective is twofold: firstly, to explore the difference in the recognition of Chinese Characters between Chinese children and non∼Chinese speaking children. secondly, the influence of teaching medium on the number of Chinese Characters recognized by non∼Chinese speaking children. The research findings have indicated that non∼Chinese speaking children in the 12 kindergartens have from 150∼840 minutes of weekly contacts with the objective∼language (Cantonese). There is great variation in the recognition test among the non∼Chinese speaking children of the same class. From statistical point of view, no significant difference of recognition of Chinese Characters between boys and girls of non∼Chinese speaking children has been detected. However, significant difference in the recognition test of Chinese characters exists between non∼Chinese speaking children and native Chinese children. No difference in the number of Chinese Characters recognized by the children of three kindergartens using Cantonese as teaching medium and those of a kindergarten using more English in teaching exists. However, when the same three kindergarten are compared with a kindergarten using English as the sole teaching medium, difference in the number of Chinese Characters recognized by the children does exists. The findings of the research further reveals that non∼Chinese speaking children`s ability to recognize Chinese characters that they have written is poorer than the Chinese children`s. Moreover, they do not necessarily recognize or the Chinese Characters written earlier by themselves. Teachers should pay more attention on this.

Hangul`s Universal Appeal and Future Potential

Li Ying che 고려대학교 한국학연구소 2014 한국학연구 Vol.51 No.-

최근 수십 년 동안 학자들은 한국의 급속한 경제발전과 정보 기술의 진보를 한글 덕분이라고 설명했다. 정보화 시대에 한글은 그 표기 체계로 인해 세계의 다른 표기 체계를 겨냥하는 경쟁력을 유지해 왔다. 문자 언어가 없는 소수 민족들이 현재 대체 문자로 사용하고 있는 한글은, 문맹과 무지를 극복할 수 있는 도구로 오늘날 계속되고 있다(이지선 2006). 한글은 이제 모든 한국어 표기에서 한자를 대체했고, 따라서 세종대왕의 위대한 발명은 드디어 그 목표를 달성하게 되었다. Scholars have attributed Korea’s rapid economic development and advancement in information technology to Hangul during the recent decades. In the Age of Information, Hangul has kept its competitive edge over other writing systems in the world. Used now as an alternative alphabet for minority peoples who have no written language, it continues even today to be a lamp illuminating illiteracy and ignorance (Lee Jiseon 2006). Hangul has now replaced the Chinese character in all Korean writings, and thus, the great invention of King Sejong has finally achieved its goal.

The Use of Auricular Examination for Screening Hepatic Disorders

Gladys Lai-Ying Cheing,Sharon Wan,Sing Kai Lo 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.1

Researches on auricular acupuncture (AA) have examined mainly its treatment effects. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and precision of using auricular examination (AE) as a complementary diagnostic tool for screening hepatic disorders. Twenty patients suffering from liver dysfunction and 25 controls aged 18−60 years were recruited from an acute hospital. Participants were examined using three AE methods including visual inspection, electrical skin resistance measurement, and tenderness testing on the liver AA zone of both ears. Significant differences were found in visual inspection and electrical skin resistance on the AA zones between the two groups. Patients suffering from liver dysfunction tended to have at least one abnormality in skin color, appearance, presence of papules, abundance of capillary and desquamation on the ear (Relative Risk—Right ear: RR = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 6.2; Left: RR = 1.8, 95% CI, 1.01, 3.1). The sensitivity for visual inspection was 0.7 for both ears; specificity was 0.76 for the (R) and 0.6 for the (L) ear. The mean difference in electrical skin resistance was 4.3 MΩ (95% CI, 1.7, 6.9) for the (L) ear; 4.5 MΩ (95% CI, 1.5, 7.6) for the (R) ear. Our results suggest that malfunction of the liver appeared to be reflected by the presence of morphological changes on the liver AA zone. Visual inspection and electrical skin resistance on the liver AA zone are potentially sensitive to screen hepatic disorders. Researches on auricular acupuncture (AA) have examined mainly its treatment effects. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and precision of using auricular examination (AE) as a complementary diagnostic tool for screening hepatic disorders. Twenty patients suffering from liver dysfunction and 25 controls aged 18−60 years were recruited from an acute hospital. Participants were examined using three AE methods including visual inspection, electrical skin resistance measurement, and tenderness testing on the liver AA zone of both ears. Significant differences were found in visual inspection and electrical skin resistance on the AA zones between the two groups. Patients suffering from liver dysfunction tended to have at least one abnormality in skin color, appearance, presence of papules, abundance of capillary and desquamation on the ear (Relative Risk—Right ear: RR = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 6.2; Left: RR = 1.8, 95% CI, 1.01, 3.1). The sensitivity for visual inspection was 0.7 for both ears; specificity was 0.76 for the (R) and 0.6 for the (L) ear. The mean difference in electrical skin resistance was 4.3 MΩ (95% CI, 1.7, 6.9) for the (L) ear; 4.5 MΩ (95% CI, 1.5, 7.6) for the (R) ear. Our results suggest that malfunction of the liver appeared to be reflected by the presence of morphological changes on the liver AA zone. Visual inspection and electrical skin resistance on the liver AA zone are potentially sensitive to screen hepatic disorders.

Model-free Adaptive Tracking Control for Networked Control Systems Under DoS Attacks and RTT Delays

Meng-Ying Su,Wei-Wei Che 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.7

The model-free adaptive secure tracking control (MFASTC) problem of nonlinear networked control systems is explored in this paper with the consideration of DoS attacks and RTT delays. In order to compensate for DoS attacks and RTT delays, a new estimate value dependent attack compensation mechanism is proposed and a network-based predictive delay compensation mechanism is employed. The data-based design method need not any model or structure information of the system, and only depends on input/output data. In addition, the MFASTC algorithm is proposed to guarantee the output tracking error being bounded in the sense of mean square. Finally, an example with comparisons is used to show the effectiveness of the new algorithm.

Radiofrequency ablation of benign thyroid nodules: recommendations from the Asian Conference on Tumor Ablation Task Force

하은주,백정환,Ying Che,Chou Yi-Hong,Nobuhiro Fukunari,김지훈,Wei-Che Lin,Le Thi My,나동규,Lawrence Han Hwee Quek,Ming-Hsun Wu,Koichiro Yamakado,Jianhua Zhou 대한초음파의학회 2021 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.40 No.1

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a thermal ablation technique widely used for the management of benign thyroid nodules. To date, five academic societies in various countries have reported clinical practice guidelines, opinion statements, or recommendations regarding the use of thyroid RFA. However, despite some similarities, there are also differences among the guidelines, and a consensus is required regarding safe and effective treatment in Asian countries. Therefore, a task force was organized by the guideline committee of the Asian Conference on Tumor Ablation with the goal of devising recommendations for the clinical use of thyroid RFA. The recommendations in this article are based on a comprehensive analysis of the current literature and the consensus opinion of the task force members.

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone, a Tropomyosin-Kinase Related Receptor B Agonist, Produces Fast-Onset Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rats Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress

Hsin-An Chang,Ying-Hsiu Wang,Che-Se Tung,Chin-Bin Yeh,Yia-Ping Liu 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.5

Objective Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (TrkB), play important roles in treating depression. In this experiment, we examined whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a novel potent TrkB agonist, could reverse the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities induced by the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm in rats. Methods SD rats were exposed to a battery of stressors for 56 days. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (5 and 20 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally during the last 28 days of the CMS paradigm. Rats were tested in sucrose consumption test (SCT), forced-swimming test (FST) and elevated T-maze (ETM). Serum corticosterone levels and hippocampal BDNF levels of the rats were measured. Results Four-week CMS on the rats induced their depression-like behavior in SCT. The CMS-reduced sucrose consumption was reversed starting from 7 days after the 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (20 mg/kg) treatment and remained across the subsequent treatment regime. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, when given at 5 mg/kg for 3 weeks, reduced the immobility time in the FST in the CMS-subjected rats. Additionally, the 4-week treatment with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (20 mg/kg) attenuated the CMS-induced increase in anxiety-like behavior in the ETM. For the CMS-subjected rats, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone treatment dose-dependently reduced their serum corticosterone levels but increased their hippocampal BDNF levels only at 5 mg/kg. Conclusiona 7,8-dihydroxyflavone was beneficial for both depression and anxiety-like behaviors, and may exert fast-onset antidepressant effects. This provides a new insight into the pharmacological management of depression. ObjectiveaaBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (TrkB), play important roles in treating depression. In this experiment, we examined whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a novel potent TrkB agonist, could reverse the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities induced by the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm in rats. MethodsaaSD rats were exposed to a battery of stressors for 56 days. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (5 and 20 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally during the last 28 days of the CMS paradigm. Rats were tested in sucrose consumption test (SCT), forced-swimming test (FST) and elevated T-maze (ETM). Serum corticosterone levels and hippocampal BDNF levels of the rats were measured. ResultsaaFour-week CMS on the rats induced their depression-like behavior in SCT. The CMS-reduced sucrose consumption was reversed starting from 7 days after the 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (20 mg/kg) treatment and remained across the subsequent treatment regime. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, when given at 5 mg/kg for 3 weeks, reduced the immobility time in the FST in the CMS-subjected rats. Additionally, the 4-week treatment with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (20 mg/kg) attenuated the CMS-induced increase in anxiety-like behavior in the ETM. For the CMS-subjected rats, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone treatment dose-dependently reduced their serum corticosterone levels but increased their hippocampal BDNF levels only at 5 mg/kg. Conclusion 7,8-dihydroxyflavone was beneficial for both depression and anxiety-like behaviors, and may exert fast-onset antidepressant effects. This provides a new insight into the pharmacological management of depression.

Performance Evaluation of Combined Input Output Queued Switch with Finite Input and Output Buffers

Tsern-Huei Lee,Ying-Che Kuo 한국정보과학회 2002 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2002 No.1

Configurable 3GPP Licensed Assisted Access to Unlicensed Spectrum

Lien, Shao-Yu,Chien, Chun-Che,Tsai, Hua-Lung,Liang, Ying-Chang,Kim, Dong In Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE wireless communications Vol.23 No.6

<P>An emerging issue in the development of next generation mobile networks originates in the shortage of available licensed spectrum. This increasing demand for a large amount of bandwidth has recently driven the development of new technologies to utilize unlicensed spectrum. In 2015, 3GPP launched the standardization activity to deploy LTE-A networks on the 5 GHz unlicensed bands using licensed assisted access. To fully understand this crucial technology, in this article, we provide a comprehensive overview on the standardization of licensed assisted access, and raise specific open issues. Configurable radio operations to eliminate the transmission inefficiency and radio access inefficiency in licensed assisted access and a game-theoretic pricing strategy on the licensed and unlicensed bands are further proposed. The provided insights consequently strengthen knowledge of the practice of licensed assisted access.</P>

Comparisons of Moisturizing Function Between Rayon Fabric with Collagen Peptides from Fish Scales and Regular Rayon Fabric Under Various Relative Humidity

Chi‑Shih Huang,Erh‑Jen Hou,Ying‑Chou Lee,Tzong‑Huei Lee,Yi‑Jun Pan,Ta Yu,Wei‑Hsin Lin,Chun‑Han Shih,Wei‑Che Chang 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

The study was inspired by the specialized facial masks made of rayon non-woven fabrics which contained collagen peptides for improving moisturizing function. This study explored the moisturizing function of a rayon fabric containing collagen peptides extracted from tilapia fish scales under various conditions of relative humidity. This research had implications for the development of clothing that can prevent dry skin. A two-stage nested design experiment was adopted. The first-stage factor such as the fabric has two levels and the second-stage factor such as the relative humidity with three levels nested under each level of the first-stage factor. Preliminary results indicated that introducing a new variable (i.e., fabric moisturizing value, which combines the moisture regains of adsorption and desorption) would be useful. The moisturizing value of the novel rayon fabric and regular rayon fabric increased with the increase in relative humidity, and moisturizing effect of the novel rayon fabric with collagen peptides was better than that of the regular rayon fabric. Therefore, the novel rayon fabric may be suitable for preventing dry skin in winter.