Two New Species of Placolecis (Lichenized Ascomycota) from China

( An Cheng Yin ),( Xin Yu Wang ),( Dong Liu ),( Yan Yun Zhang ),( Mei Xia Yang ),( Li Juan Li ),( Li Song Wang ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.4

Two new species of the lichen genus Placolecis are discovered in China, namely P. kunmingensis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang and P. sublaevis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang. The new combination P. loekoesiana (S.Y. Kondr., Farkas, J.J. Woo & Hur) An. C. Yin is proposed. Placolecis kunmingensis is characterized by having simple, spherical or ellipsoid, hyaline spores, and pear-shaped pycnidia; while P. sublaevis can be distinguished by its thallus forming larger aggregations with slightly flattened lobes at the thallus margin, and urn-shaped pycnidia. Descriptions, a phylogenetic tree and a key are provided for all the known Placolecis species in China.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Microstructure Evolution During Solidification of Copper Nanoparticles

Yu-Quan Yuan,Xiang-Guo Zeng,Hua-Yan Chen,An-Lin Yao,Yan-Fei Hu 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.11

The effect of cooling rate on the microstructure evolution of liquid Cu nanoparticles during their solidification process is investigated by using a molecular dynamics simulation based on the embedded atom method (EAM) potential developed by Foiles et al.. The potential energy analysis,the pair distribution function and the common neighbor analysis have been used. The results show that the solidification point increases with decreasing cooling rate and that the solidification of the microstructure of Cu nanoparticles varies with the cooling rate. The microstructure consists of fcc,hcp and bcc crystals or mixtures, though the fcc structure dominates, except in the amorphous state. An amorphous structure was obtained when the cooling rate reached 1.0 × 1013 K/s or higher while crystallization degree increased with decreasing cooling rate, and the total content of crystal structures reached to 95% when the cooling rate dropped to 4.0 × 1011 K/s, which was nearly a perfect crystal structure. The results also indicate that a single-crystal nanoparticle will not be obtained by quenching the liquid metal under various cooling rates.

Infection and Immune Response in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Elicited by the Phytopathogen Xanthomonas

( Yan Ii Bai ),( De Juan Zhi ),( Chan He Li ),( Dong Iing Liu ),( Ju An Zhang ),( Jing Ti An ),( Xin Wang ),( Hui Ren ),( Hong Yu Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.9

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strains are plant pathogenic bacteria that can cause serious blight of rice, and their virulence towards plant host is complex, making it difficult to be elucidated. Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a powerful model organism to simplify the host and pathogen system. However, whether the C. elegans is feasible for studying plant pathogens such as Xoo has not been explored. In the present work, we report that Xoo strains PXO99 and JXOIII reduce the lifespan of worms not through acute toxicity, but in an infectious manner; pathogens proliferate and persist in the intestinal lumen to cause marked anterior intestine distension. In addition, Xoo triggers (i) the p38 MAPK signal pathway to upregulate its downstream C17H12.8 expression, and (ii) the DAF-2/DAF-16 pathway to upregulate its downstream gene expressions of mtl-1 and sod-3 under the condition of daf-2 mutation. Our findings suggest that C. elegans can be used as a model to evaluate the virulence of Xoo phytopathogens to host.

Identification of Novel Subregions of LOH in Gastric Cancer and Analysis of the HIC1 and TOB1 Tumor Suppressor Genes in These Subregions

Jingcui Yu,Songbin Fu,Peng Liu,Xiaobo Cui,Yu Sui,Guohua Ji,Rongwei Guan,Donglin Sun,Wei Ji,Fangli Liu,An Liu,Yuzhen Zhao,Yang Yu,Yan Jin,Jing Bai,Jingshu Geng,Yingwei Xue,Jiping Qi,Ki-Young Lee 한국분자세포생물학회 2011 Molecules and cells Vol.32 No.1

Previously, we identified 3 overlapping regions showing loss of heterozygosity (LOH, R_1-R_3 from 11 to 30 cM) on chromosome 17 in 45 primary gastric cancers (GCs). The data indicated the presence of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) on chromosome 17 involved in GC. Among the putative TSGs in these regions, HIC1 (in SR_1) and TOB1 (in SR_3) remain to be examined in GC. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and western blot, we evaluated the expression and regulation status for HIC1 and TOB1 protein in GC. We narrowed down the deletion intervals on chromosome 17 and defined five smaller LOH subregions, SR_1-SR_5 (0.54 to 3.42 cM), in GC. We found that HIC1 had downregulated expression in 86% (91/106) and was methylated in 87% (26/30) of primary GCs. Of the primary GCs showing downregulation of HIC1 protein, 75% (18/24) had methylated HIC1 gene. TOB1 was either absent or expressed at reduced levels in 75% (73/97) of the GC samples. In addition, a general reduction was found in total and the ratio of unphosphorylated to phosphorylated TOB1 protein levels in the differentiated GC cell lines. Further analysis revealed significant simultaneous downregulation of both HIC1 and TOB1 protein in GC tissue microarray samples (67%, 52/78) and in primary GCs (65%, 11/17). These results indicate that silencing of HIC1 and TOB1 expression is a common occurrence in GC and may contribute to the development and progression of the disease.

A Study on the Civil Liability of Freight Forwarders under Chinese Law - Focus on the Regulations on the Trial of Disputes over Ocean Freight Forwarding - 1

Yan-Qiu Ma,Yan-An Yu 한국해사법학회 2016 해사법연구 Vol.28 No.3

오늘날, 해상화물 운송주선인은 해상운송 시장 내 경쟁이 심화됨에 따라 그 의 업무 범위도 많이 변화되어, 화주와 운송업자 간의 연결 뿐만 아니라 많은 업무를 수행하고 있는데, mere agent, contracting carrier 및 performing carrier 등의 업무를 수행하면서 여러 가지 법적 문제가 발생 할 수 있다. 이러한 배경 을 바탕으로 중국최고법원은 해상화물 운송주선인의 분쟁의 재판에 관한 법규 를 제정하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 이 법규를 소개하고 해상화물 운송주선인의 정의 및 법적 책임, 운송 서류의 송달 지연, FOB 조건 하에서의 운송 서류의 송달, 화물의 멸실 및 훼손의 고지 및 해상화물 운송주선에 관한 분쟁의 시효 및 관할권에 대하여 논하고자 한다. With the highly competitive market, the functions of the freight forwarders have changed a lot. They are not only the link between the owner of the goods and the carrier, but also undertake many duties and can act as the mere agent, the contracting carrier or the performing carrier, while these may led to the arguments in judicial procedure with economic disputes. On such basis, the Supreme People’s Court of China had promulgated the Regulations concerning the trial of disputes over ocean freight forwarding. This article aims to outline the highlights of the Regulation on the identification of freight forwarders and their civil liability, and hope to answer and explain the detention of documents, the delivery of transport documents under FOB Terms, notice of loss or damage, time bar and jurisdiction over disputes of freight forwarding service.

Synergistic Penetration of Ethosomes and Lipophilic Prodrug on the Transdermal Delivery of Acyclovir

Yan Zhou,Yu-Hui Wei,Guo-Qiang Zhang,Xin-An Wu 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.4

The aim of this study was to investigate the lipophilic prodrug as a means of promoting acyclovir (ACV) that exhibited biphasic insolubility into the ethosomes for optimum skin delivery. Acyclovir Palmitate (ACV-C16) was synthesized as the lipophilic prodrug of ACV. The ethosomal system and the liposomal system bearing ACV or ACV-C16 were prepared, respectively. The systems were characterized for shape, zeta potential value, particle size, and entrapment efficiency. Franz diffusion cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used for the percutaneous absorption studies. The results showed that the entrapment efficiency of ACV-C16ethosomes (87.75%) were much higher than that of ACV ethosomes (39.13%). The quantity of drug in the skin from ACV-C16 ethosomes at the end of the 24 h transdermal experiment (622.89 μg/cm2) was 5.30 and 3.43 times higher than that from ACV-C16 hydroalcoholic solution and ACV ethosomes, respectively. This study indicated that the binary combination of the lipophilic prodrug ACV-C16 and the ethosomes synergistically enhanced ACV absorption into the skin.

Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium on Root Activity and Chlorophyll Content in Leaves of Brassica oleracea Seedlings Grown in Vegetable Nursery Substrate

Jian Zhang,Yan Wang,Pengcheng Wang,Qi an Zhang,Congsheng Yan,Feifei Yu,Jianqun Yi,Ling Fang 한국원예학회 2017 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.58 No.1

Nutrients in the substrate are important for plant growth, particularly during the development of vegetableseedlings. The continued development of intensive methods to produce seedlings has made growing healthy and high-gradeseedlings a requirement for nurseries. This study evaluated the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium(K) on the root activity, dry weight, and chlorophyll content in leaves of Brassica oleracea seedlings. D-optimal designwas used in this study because of its accuracy. A total of 10 treatments (T1–T10) were designed, and differentconcentrations were chosen in the following ranges: N (0.6-5.0 g·kg-1), P (0.2-6.0 g·kg-1), and K (0.7-7.0 g·kg-1). Our studyshows that the application of N, P, and K to the substrate significantly influenced the growth of B. oleracea seedlings. T6significantly increased root activity, root dry weight, chlorophyll content in leaves when compared with the control T1,which had added nutrient concentrations at normal levels. However, the addition of high levels of N (5.0 g·kg-1) withhigh (7.0 g·kg-1) or low (0.7 g·kg-1) levels of K (T2 and T9) not only significantly decreased the root dry weight but alsodecreased leaf area. Our results suggest that N, P, and K can be added to the substrate at an appropriate ratio togrow vigorous B. oleracea seedlings under intensive seedling production conditions. The present results give insightinto the nutrient requirements during early growth of B. oleracea seedlings in growth substrate.

Inhibition of ClC-5 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

( Zhe Shi ),( Liyuan Zhou ),( Yan Zhou ),( Xiaoyan Jia ),( Xiangjun Yu ),( Xiaohong An ),( Yanzhen Han ) 생화학분자생물학회 2022 BMB Reports Vol.55 No.6

Chloride channel-5 (ClC-5), an important branch of the ClC family, is involved in the regulation of the proliferation and cell-fate of a variety of cells, including tumor cells. However, its function in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells remains enigmatic. Here, we discovered that ClC-5 was up-regulated in CCA tissues and CCA cell lines, while ClC-5 silencing inhibited CCA cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Further mechanism studies revealed that ClC-5 inhibition could inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity and further activate the mitochondria apoptotic pathway in CCA cells. Furthermore, rescuing Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation eliminated the anti-tumor function of ClC-5 knockdown. Together, our research findings illustrated that ClC-5 inhibition plays an anti-tumor role in CCA cells via inhibiting the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which in turn activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(6): 299-304]

Load Pattern Window Aware Power Supply Device Clustering

Wanxing Sheng,Ke-yan Liu,Yixi Yu,Rungong An,Ningnan Zhou,Xiao Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.8

Data-driven decision in big data era is becoming ubiquitous in electronic grid. In particular, daily collected power consumption records enable workload aware device clustering, which is crucial for critical domain applications such as device functionality identification. In this paper, we propose a load pattern window aware method for clustering power supply devices. Our approach overcomes the drawbacks in existing works, such as fuzzy based clustering, K-means based clustering and neutral network based clustering. After investigating the large scale records from power supply devices, our approach partitions device records into disjoint time intervals with parameterized window size, which indicate the load pattern feature for a period of time given a specific device. Devices are then decomposed into a mixture of these features, and those devices with similar dominating features are grouped together. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our solution based on the real data collected from power grid in China.

Ethosomes, Binary Ethosomes and Transfersomes of Terbinafine Hydrochloride: A Comparative Study

Jian-Ping Zhang,Xin-An Wu,Yu-Hui Wei,Yan Zhou,Yu-Qing Li 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.1

The aim of this study was to compare the skin permeation of ethosomes, binary ethosomes and transfersomes of Terbinafine Hydrochloride (TH) under non-occlusive conditions. These lipid vesicles were prepared and characterized for shape, size, zeta-potential and entrapment efficiency. Franz diffusion cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used for the percutaneous absorption studies. The quantity of drug in the skin from ethosomes, binary ethosomes (the weight ratio of ethanol to propylene glycol 7:3, ethanol-PG = 7:3, w/w), and transfersomes was 1.26, 1.51 (p <0.05), 1.56 (p <0.01) times higher than that of TH from traditional liposomes (control). The skin deposition of the applied dose (DD%) of TH from ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transfersomes was 3.34 (p < 0.05), 9.88 (p < 0.01), 2.52 times higher than that of TH from control. The results of CLSM experiments showed that penetration depth and fluorescence intensity of Rhodamine B from binary ethosomes was much greater than that from ethosomes and transfersomes. These results indicated the binary ethosomes (ethanol-PG = 7:3, w/w) most effectively permitted drug penetration through skin; transfersomes made drug easiest to accumulate in the skin. Ethosomes improved drug delivery with greater improvement in skin permeation than improvement in skin deposition.